黄土旱塬耕作方式和施肥对冬小麦产量和水分利用特性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.06.004

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The aim of this experiment is to investigate the effects of tillage and fertilization on yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat under wheat-spring maize rotation at fields in the Loess Plateau of Eastern Gansu.【Method】The work is based on a 12 year field experiment of tillage and fertilization in Zhenyuan, Gansu province, where is a semi-humid arid area. A split plot design was developed in this experiment, with different tillage systems (traditional tillage and no-tillage) as main treatments and different fertilizer application (CK, N, P, M, NP, NMP) as sub-treatments. The yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat under different treatments were measured, and the relationship between yield and water consumption of winter wheat were further studied.【Result】The results showed that the treatments with organic manure had the higher yield of winter wheat in the same tillage system, implying that organic manure was superior to chemical fertilizer alone in the experimental area. The yield under nitrogen fertilization was lower than phosphate fertilizer. The yield of winter wheat under traditional tillage was higher than that of no-tillage. In terms of water use efficiency, water use efficiency under NMP treatment was the highest among different fertilization methods in different years. The average water use efficiency was in the order of NMP＞NP＞M＞P＞CK＞N; the average water use efficiency in treatment of the combination of NMP fertilizer and traditional tillage increased by 84.0% and that of no-tillage increased by 84.1%. The average water use efficiency under traditional tillage was higher than no-tillage, and that increased by 13.6% in the combination of traditional tillage and NMP fertilizer compared with no-tillage. The water consumption of winter wheat was strongly related to rainfall, and the total water consumption by crops under NMP was the highest. The average annual water consumption of NMP was 3.0%, 4.4%, 31.4% higher than that of CK under traditional tillage in three years; 10.2%, 1.5% and 25.7% were increased, respectively, under no-tillage in three years. On the other hand, NMP treatment significantly reduced the water consumption and the ratio of total water consumption during sowing-greening period and increased the water consumption during the greening-mature period. The total water consumption under the traditional tillage system was higher than under the no-tillage system in the drought year, but the no-tillage system had higher total water consumption in the wet year than in the traditional farming year. No consistent trend was found in rainfall year. In addition, regardless of the kind of rainfall year, different tillage and fertilization treatment, water content showed the change point at about 60 cm soil layer, but this point in NMP was lower than CK and other fertilization treatments, but the order of influence of soil water content was wet year＞normal year＞dry year. In the order of change for the abundance and the marginal water use efficiency, NMP treatment had the highest water use efficiency while as for tillage, traditional tillage had significant results.【Conclusion】The yield, water use efficiency of winter wheat under NMP treatment was the highest in different cropping patterns and rainfall years, where the water content showed the lowest at 60 cm soil depth. Besides, the total water consumption under NMP treatment was relatively higher; which might be helpful to reduce the water consumption and the proportion of water consumption at the stage of greening, and increase the consumption of water consumption and the storage of 0-200 cm soil layer. The abundant water use efficiency and marginal water use efficiency of winter wheat were higher under traditional tillage than that of no-tillage. Therefore, considering the winter wheat yield, water use efficiency and water consumption characteristics, regardless of what kind of rainfall years, the use of traditional tillage with organic and inorganic fertilizer under the conditions of this experiment is the best farming.

Key words: Loess Dryland Plateau, tillage and fertilizer, winter wheat, water consumption characteristic, water use efficiency (WUE)

ZHANG JianJun, FAN TingLu, DANG Yi, ZHAO Gang, WANG Lei, LI ShangZhong, WANG ShuYing, WANG Yong. Effects of Long-Term Tillage and Fertilization on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat in Loess Dry Land Plateau[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(6): 1016-1030.

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Effects of Long-Term Tillage and Fertilization on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat in Loess Dry Land Plateau

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