有机肥氮替代化肥氮提高玉米产量和氮素吸收利用效率

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.20.008

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 Replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure is an important way to achieve fertilizer zero increase in China. Eight years location experiments of replacing chemical fertilizer with organic manure were carried out to study maize productivity and nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization efficiency in purple soil, so as to provide scientific evidence about rational utilization organic resources and adjust maize fertilization pattern.【Method】In 8 years location experiments, five different fertilization patterns were designed, including CK (non-N fertilization), FP (farmers’ practice), OP (optimal chemical fertilization), MF (organic manure replacing 50% chemical N) and OM (organic manure replacing 100% chemical N), on the variation of maize yield and biomass and nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization efficiency.【Result】Replacing partial chemical with organic manure increased maize yield and biomass significantly. Compared with FP and OM and OP treatments, replacing 50% chemical N with organic manure increased maize yield by 13.7% and 13.5% and 12.5%, respectively; it also increased maize biomass by 11.3% and 7.0% and 8.6%, respectively. Compared to CK, the other four treatments decreased the coefficient of variation (CV) and increased the SYI and HI with the greatest change in MF. Organic manure replacing partial chemical N promoted N uptake in maize, and transferred more N to grain. Compared to OP and OM treatments, replacing 50% chemical N with organic manure increased grain N uptake by 7.0% and 29.6%. RE_N increase 2.5% and 26.5%, respectively. Compare to OP treatment, PFP_N and NHI and FCR_N in MF increased by 6.2 kg·kg^-1 and 3.5% and 6.3%, respectively; Compared to OM treatment, increased by 6.6 kg·kg^-1 and 0.8% and 5.8%, respectively. There was a significant difference in N demand for each ton of grain yield among treatments, with 9.4 and 10.8 kg in OP and MF treatments, respectively, which was less than that in FP and OM treatments (14.5 and 12.9 kg). Therefore, OP and MF could improve the N efficiency for grain production. 【Conclusion】 Replacing 50% chemical N with organic manure significantly increased maize economic yield and biomass, also increased yield stability and sustainability; It promoted N uptake in maize and transferred more N to grain, thus increasing N efficiency. So partial chemical N is replaced by organic manure is a rational fertilization pattern to increase maize yield and improve maize yield stability and improve N efficiency in Southwest China.

Key words: organic manure replacing chemical fertilizer, maize yield, sustainable yield index, N efficiency

XIE Jun, ZHAO Ya-nan, CHEN Xuan-jing, LI Dan-ping, XU Chun-li, WANG Ke, ZHANG Yue-qiang, SHI Xiao-jun. Nitrogen of Organic Manure Replacing Chemical Nitrogenous Fertilizer Improve Maize Yield and Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Efficiency[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(20): 3934-3943.

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