海岛棉和陆地棉叶片光合特性、冠层结构及物质生产的差异

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.02.05

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this experiment is to study different characteristics of the canopy structure development, photosynthate accumulation and distribution between pima cotton and upland cotton, and to summarize the principle of yield formation which is of great significance to excavate yield potential and construct a high-yield cultivation technique system.【Method】Pima cotton cultivars Xinhai 22, and H 858 and upland cotton cultivars Xinluzao 13 and Xinluzao 33 were selected as experimental materials. Leaf area index, diffuse non-interceptance, canopy apparent photosynthetic rate, photosynthate accumulation and distribution were measured at different growing stages.【Result】Compared to pima cotton cultivar, the development of upland cotton canopy structure had a more dramatic change throughout the growth period, particularly at the early and late growing stages. Upland cotton cultivars had higher leaf area index, as well as the light absorption rate at the top of canopy. Upland cotton cultivars had lower canopy apparent photosynthetic rate and photosynthate accumulation. Pima cotton cultivar’s leaf area index was lower throughout the growth period, except for the late growth stage. The canopy apparent photosynthetic rate and photosynthate accumulation of pima cotton cultivar were higher than upland cotton cultivar at the full bolling stage and boll opening stage, respectively. However, the ratio of the weight of reproductive system to photosynthate accumulation was significant lower than upland cotton, which led to the significantly differences of economic coefficient and lint yield (upland cotton cultivar 3 000-3 500 kg·hm^-2, pima cotton cultivar 1500 kg·hm^-2).【Conclusion】The significant differences of photosynthate accumulation affected by canopy structure and photosynthetic capacity and photosynthate distribution were main factors causing the lint difference between upland cotton and pima cotton. Improving canopy structure and canopy apparent photosynthetic rate can further increase the production of upland cotton, while balancing the source-sink properties and promoting the conversion efficiency of photosynthate to boll-sink by increasing the plant population density and breeding early-maturing and big-boll varieties are of very important significance for improving the economic coefficient and excavating yield potential of pima cotton cultivar.

Key words: pima cotton, upland cotton, canopy structure, canopy apparent photosynthetic rate, photosynthate accumulation, economic coefficient

YAO He-sheng, ZHANG Ya-li, YI Xiao-ping, XUE Jun, LUO Yi, LUO Hong-hai, ZHANG Wang-feng. Study on Differences in Comparative Canopy Structure Characteristics and Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation of Field-grown Pima Cotton(Gossypium barbadense) and Upland Cotton(G. hirsutum)[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(2): 251-261.

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Study on Differences in Comparative Canopy Structure Characteristics and Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation of Field-grown Pima Cotton(Gossypium barbadense) and Upland Cotton(G. hirsutum)

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