彩色稻叶片光合特征及其与抗氧化酶活性、花青素含量的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.03.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的近年来,彩色稻因其独特的外观和特殊的营养价值在观光农业和专用营养大米产业中快速发展。本研究旨在阐明彩色稻叶片光合作用对光的响应机理。方法以4个叶色不同的水稻品种,包括深紫叶（deep purple,DP）,淡绿叶（pale green,PG）,深绿叶/常规叶色（dark green,DG）及淡紫叶（pale purple,PP）为材料,研究不同叶色叶片光合作用的变化特征,并揭示其作用机制。结果深紫叶水稻叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量最高,其次分别是深绿叶及淡紫叶水稻品种,而淡绿叶水稻叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量最低。淡绿叶水稻叶片实际光量子效率（PSII）、净光合速率、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶（Rubisco）活性和干物质积累量最高,显著高于其他品种,但其过氧化氢和丙二醛含量显著低于其他叶色水稻品种。深紫叶与深绿叶水稻叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量没有显著性差异,但深紫叶水稻叶片PSI和PSII实际荧光量子效率、净光合速率、Rubisco活性均显著高于深绿叶水稻。相应地,深紫叶水稻叶片抗氧化酶活性显著高于深绿叶水稻,但其过氧化氢和丙二醛含量显著低于深绿叶水稻,推测与深紫叶水稻叶片花青素含量显著高于深绿叶水稻有关。外源喷施花青素试验进一步证实了这个假设,即外源花青素可一定程度上降低过氧化氢含量,提高叶片光合速率。结论花青素可减轻自然条件下光量子过剩对水稻叶片光合作用的抑制,研究结果可为水稻高光效育种及彩色稻产量、品质协同提高栽培技术研发提供理论基础。

关键词: 彩色水稻, 叶绿素, 光合作用, 抗氧化力, 花青素

Abstract:

【Objective】 In recent years, due to colored rice unique appearance and special nutritional value, it has been developed rapidly in the sightseeing agriculture, selection and production of special nutritional rice. The objective of this study was to elucidate the mechanism underlying the photosynthetic response of leaves in colored rice to light.【Method】 In this experiment, four rice varieties with different chlorophyll content in leaves were selected, including deep purple (DP), pale green (PG), dark green (DG) and pale purple (PP). The change characteristics of leaf photosynthesis were studied and the response mechanisms were revealed.【Result】 The results indicated that the highest chlorophyll content was showed in DP, followed by the DG and PP, while the lowest value was found in PG. Under this case, the PG variety attained the highest value of actual fluorescence quantum efficiency of PSII, photosynthetic rate, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) activity and total dry matter weight, which were significantly higher than those in the other varieties. The content of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in PG leaves were significantly lower than those in other rice varieties. Besides, there was no significant difference in leaf chlorophyll content and carotenoid content between DP and DG, while the actual fluorescence quantum efficiency of PSII, net photosynthetic rate, Rubisco activity in leaves of DP were significantly higher than those of DG. Correspondingly, the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves of DP were significantly higher than those of DG, while the content of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in leaves of DP were significantly lower than those of DG. This might be related to the anthocyanin content in the leaves, because the anthocyanin content in the leaves of DP was significantly higher than that of DG. The leaf photosynthetic rate was significantly increased and hydrogen peroxide content was significantly decreased after foliar application of anthocyanin. 【Conclusion】 It was inferred that anthocyanin might exert important role in alleviating the inhibition effect caused by excess optical quantum on the photosynthesis of leaves under natural conditions. The results could provide a theoretical basis for rice high light efficiency breeding, and cultivation technology exploitation for collaborative development in grain yield and quality of colored rice.

Key words: colored rice, chlorophyll, photosynthesis, antioxidant capacity, anthocyanin

陈婷婷, 符卫蒙, 余景, 奉保华, 李光彦, 符冠富, 陶龙兴. 彩色稻叶片光合特征及其与抗氧化酶活性、花青素含量的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(3): 467-478.

CHEN TingTing, FU WeiMeng, YU Jing, FENG BaoHua, LI GuangYan, FU GuanFu, TAO LongXing. The Photosynthesis Characteristics of Colored Rice Leaves and Its Relation with Antioxidant Capacity and Anthocyanin Content[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(3): 467-478.

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供试品种 Variety	平均生育期 Average whole growing period (d)	播种日期 Sowing date (M-D)		抽穗日期 Heading date (M-D)		收获日期 Harvest date (M-D)
供试品种 Variety	平均生育期 Average whole growing period (d)	2018	2019	2018	2019	2018	2019
深紫叶DP	140	05-10	05-20	08-08	08-20	09-24	10-08
淡绿叶PG	134	05-10	05-20	08-01	08-12	09-19	10-02
深绿叶/常规叶色DG	134	05-10	05-20	08-02	08-12	09-19	10-02
淡紫叶PP	137	05-10	05-20	08-04	08-16	09-22	10-05

供试品种 Variety	穗数 Panicle numbers per pot	每穗粒数 Spikelets numbers per panicle	结实率 Seed-setting rate (%)	粒重 Grain weight (mg)	产量 Yield (g/pot)
深紫叶DP	18.2a	95.8b	77.7a	21.4a	29.0b
淡绿叶PG	17.9a	108.7a	79.1a	21.6a	33.3a
深绿叶/常规叶色DG	18.5a	91.8b	74.8ab	20.5b	26.1c
淡紫叶PP	17.8a	103.1a	79.4a	21.9a	31.9ab

与相关 Correlated with	花青素含量 Anthocyanin content	叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content	类胡萝卜素含量 Carotenoids content
光合荧光参数 Photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters
净光合速率Net photosynthetic rate	0.877*	0.613	0.016
核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶活 Rubisco activity	0.995**	0.427	0.250
最大荧光量子效率 Maximum fluorescence quantum efficiency	0.019	0.261	0.179
PSI实际光量子效率 Actual fluorescence quantum efficiency of PSI	0.956**	0.605	0.018
PSII实际光量子效率 Actual fluorescence quantum efficiency of PSII	0.983**	0.386	0.136
抗氧化酶类Antioxidant enzyme
过氧化物酶POD activity	0.946**	0.482	0.108
超氧化物歧化酶活性SOD activity	0.996**	0.360	0.223
过氧化氢酶CAT activity	0.965**	0.293	0.112
过氧化物含量Peroxides content
过氧化氢含量H₂O₂ content	-0.998**	-0.400	-0.235
丙二醛含量MDA content	-0.991**	-0.438	-0.320
其他Others
干物质重 Dry matter weight	0.974**	0.543	0.277
产量Yield	0.841*	0.453	0.218