彩色小麦花青素积累对花后高温胁迫的响应机理

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.06.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】在全球气候变暖背景下，探究彩色小麦花青素含量对灌浆中期高温胁迫响应的生理机理，为进一步应对气候变暖下功能性彩色小麦品种优质栽培提供理论依据。【方法】于2022—2024年在安徽省合肥市高新技术农业园进行，选用6个颜色不同的彩色小麦品种，于灌浆中期对其进行5 d的高温胁迫处理（T），以不增温为对照（CK）。【结果】花后高温胁迫处理下，彩色小麦的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、相对叶绿素含量（SPAD）、干物质分配量、可溶性糖含量、蔗糖合成酶活性、花青素含量、花青素合成酶活性、查尔酮合成酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性均显著降低，6个品种彩色小麦产量减少9.10%—16.94%，千粒重显著降低7.84%—16.94%，花青素含量显著降低7.18%—14.17%。不同品种彩色小麦产量、光合强度、SPAD值、干物质分配量、可溶性糖含量、蔗糖合成酶活性、花青素含量、花青素合成酶活性、查尔酮合成酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性大小为：秦白1号>秦绿3号>秦紫1号>新春36>秦黑2号>秦蓝1号，花青素含量大小为：秦黑2号>新春36>秦紫1号>秦绿3号>秦蓝1号>秦白1号。抗热型小麦品种秦白1号、秦绿3号、秦紫1号产量的下降幅度小于热感型小麦品种秦黑2号、新春36、秦蓝1号。花青素含量较高的彩色小麦品种秦黑2号、新春36、秦紫1号的光合强度、SPAD值、干物质分配量、可溶性糖含量、蔗糖合成酶活性、花青素含量、花青素合成酶活性、查尔酮合成酶活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性的下降幅度小于花青素含量较低的彩色小麦品种秦绿3号、秦蓝1号、秦白1号。相关性分析表明，各彩色小麦品种产量和籽粒千粒重、蔗糖含量、蔗糖合成酶活性、旗叶净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、SPAD值呈显著正相关关系，花青素含量与可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关关系，产量与花青素呈负相关关系，相关性不显著。花后高温胁迫处理后，与游离花青素结合的蔗糖分解量减少，籽粒中的花青素分解增加，为小麦的生长发育补充能量。【结论】花青素的抗氧化性有助于作物抵御外部胁迫，花后高温胁迫处理下，花青素含量较高的彩色小麦品种的各项指标的下降幅度低于花青素含量较低的彩色小麦品种，花青素含量与可溶性糖含量呈显著正相关关系。综上所述，花青素含量积累能响应高温胁迫，使可溶性糖含量降低幅度减小，增加彩色小麦的耐热性。

关键词: 高温胁迫, 彩色小麦, 花青素, 碳代谢

Abstract:

【Objective】 Under the background of global warming, this paper explored the physiological mechanism of anthocyanin content in colored wheat in response to high temperature stress in the middle of grain filling, so as to lay a theoretical basis for further coping with the high-quality cultivation of functional colored wheat varieties under climate warming. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in Hefei High-tech Agricultural Park in the 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 growing seasons. Six colored wheat varieties with different colors were selected and subjected to high temperature stress treatment (T) for 5 days at the middle stage of filling, with the same materials grown under ambient temperature as the controls (CK). 【Result】 Under high temperature stress after anthesis, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), dry matter partition, soluble sugar content, sucrose synthase activity, anthocyanin content, anthocyanidin synthase activity, chalcone synthase activity and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity of colored wheat were significantly reduced, and the yield of six varieties of colored wheat decreased by 9.10% to 16.94%, 1000-grain weight decreased by 7.84% to 16.94%, and anthocyanin content decreased by 7.18% to 14.17%. The yield, photosynthetic intensity, SPAD value, dry matter partition, soluble sugar content, sucrose synthase activity, anthocyanin content, anthocyanidin synthase activity, chalcone synthase activity, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity of different varieties of colored wheat were: Qinbai 1>Qinlü 3>Qinzi 1>Xinchun 36>Qinhe 2>Qinlan 1, and the anthocyanin content was: Qinhei 2>Xinchun 36>Qinzi 1>Qinlü 3>Qinlan 1>Qinbai 1. The yield of heat-resistant wheat varieties of Qinbai 1, Qinlü 3 and Qinzi 1 decreased significantly less than that of heat-sensitive wheat varieties Qinhei 2, Xinchun 36 and Qinlan 1. The decreases in photosynthetic intensity, SPAD value, dry matter fraction, soluble sugar content, sucrose synthase activity, anthocyanin content, anthocyanidin synthase activity, chalcone synthase activity and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity of color wheat varieties Qinhei 2, Xinchun 36 and Qinzi 1 with high anthocyanin content were smaller than those of Qinlü 3, Qinlan 1 and Qinbai 1 with low anthocyanin content. Correlation analysis showed that the yield of each color wheat variety was significantly positively correlated with 1000-grain weight, sucrose content, sucrose synthase activity, flag leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and SPAD value, anthocyanin content was significantly positively correlated with soluble sugar content, and yield was negatively correlated with anthocyanins, but the correlation was not significant. After high temperature stress after anthesis, the decomposition of sucrose bound to free anthocyanins decreased, and the decomposition of anthocyanins in grains increased, which supplemented the growth and development of wheat.【Conclusion】 The antioxidant activity of anthocyanins helped crops resist external stress, and the decline of various indexes of color wheat varieties with higher anthocyanin content was comparable to that of color wheat varieties with lower anthocyanin content under high temperature stress after anthesis, the anthocyanin content was significantly positively correlated with soluble sugar content. In conclusion, the accumulation of anthocyanin content could respond to high temperature stress, reduce the decrease of soluble sugar content, and increase the heat resistance of colored wheat.

Key words: high temperature stress, colored wheat, anthocyanins, carbon metabolism

唐宇, 雷毕欣, 王传伟, 严轩韬, 王浩, 郑杰, 张文静, 马尚宇, 黄正来, 樊永惠. 彩色小麦花青素积累对花后高温胁迫的响应机理[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(6): 1083-1101.

TANG Yu, LEI BiXin, WANG ChuanWei, YAN XuanTao, WANG Hao, ZHENG Jie, ZHANG WenJing, MA ShangYu, HUANG ZhengLai, FAN YongHui. Response Mechanism of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Colored Wheat to Post-Anthesis High Temperature Stress[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(6): 1083-1101.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.06.004

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2025/V58/I6/1083

图/表 16

表1

图1

表2

花后高温胁迫对不同品种彩色小麦产量及其构成因素的影响（2022—2024）"

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	穗数 Spikes (10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grain number	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	产量降低幅度 Yield reduction (%)
2022—2023	秦白1号 Qinbai1	CK	460.00±2.89bcd	41.67±0.33bcd	40.40±0.38b	7741.91±21.22a	9.10
	秦白1号 Qinbai1	T	457.33±2.67cde	41.33±0.33cd	37.23±0.20d	7037.46±27.13c	9.10
	秦紫1号 Qinzi1	CK	453.67±2.96de	42.57±0.30ab	38.03±0.20c	7342.50±11.27b	12.96
	秦紫1号 Qinzi1	T	450.00±5.77ef	42.00±0.58bc	33.83±0.09f	6390.97±14.62g	12.96
	新春36 Xinchun36	CK	485.00±3.46a	42.60±0.40ab	33.81±0.06f	6984.55±22.28c	15.88
	新春36 Xinchun36	T	487.33±3.71a	42.00±0.58bc	28.71±0.06h	5875.08±33.59h	15.88
	秦蓝1号 Qinlan1	CK	468.33±1.67b	43.67±0.33a	32.04±0.17g	6551.71±8.27f	16.02
	秦蓝1号 Qinlan1	T	463.33±2.4bc	43.33±0.33a	27.41±0.15i	5502.08±17.50j	16.02
	秦黑2号 Qinhei2	CK	443.33±1.67fg	40.07±0.35e	37.34±0.12d	6632.20±35.53e	13.10
	秦黑2号 Qinhei2	T	441.67±4.41fg	40.57±0.30de	32.17±0.15g	5763.57±23.41i	13.10
	秦绿3号 Qinlü3	CK	440.33±0.88g	42.67±0.33ab	41.04±0.15a	7709.28±26.48a	13.00
	秦绿3号 Qinlü3	T	439.87±0.47g	42.00±0.06bc	36.30±0.09e	6706.81±18.29d	13.00
	F-value	F-_Cultivar	55.52***	14.83***	900.08***	1146.80***
		F-_Treatment	0.99	2.20	1934.50***	5020.30***
		F-_C×T	0.32	0.62	8.74***	19.56***
2023—2024	秦白1号 Qinbai1	CK	453.67±1.20c	41.67±0.33cd	41.24±0.41a	7794.34±34.25a	10.48
	秦白1号 Qinbai1	T	453.33±0.33c	41.33±0.33cde	37.24±0.26b	6977.29±32.02e	10.48
	秦紫1号 Qinzi1	CK	456.00±1.15c	42.33±0.33bc	37.85±0.12b	7306.06±21.94c	9.32
	秦紫1号 Qinzi1	T	454.00±1.15c	42.67±0.17abc	34.20±0.04d	6625.27±8.18g	9.32
	新春36 Xinchun36	CK	488.67±0.88a	43.33±0.33ab	33.43±0.04de	7078.72±35.95d	14.11
	新春36 Xinchun36	T	489.33±0.88a	43.33±0.88ab	28.69±0.40g	6079.96±27.72h	14.11
	秦蓝1号 Qinlan1	CK	469.33±1.76b	44.00±0.58a	33.20±0.13ef	6854.20±41.25f	17.68
	秦蓝1号 Qinlan1	T	468.67±1.76b	43.67±0.33ab	27.57±0.13h	5642.39±9.09i	17.68
	秦黑2号 Qinhei2	CK	443.67±0.88d	40.33±0.88de	37.35±0.64b	6677.99±32.15g	14.75
	秦黑2号 Qinhei2	T	440.00±0.58e	40.00±0.58e	32.36±0.33f	5693.13±31.05 i	14.75
	秦绿3号 Qinlü3	CK	439.33±1.76e	42.33±0.33bc	41.16±0.41a	7654.45±22.09b	12.48
	秦绿3号 Qinlü3	T	440.33±1.20de	42.67±0.33abc	35.66±0.20c	6699.01±15.68g	12.48
	F-value	F-_Cultivar	459.71***	13.06***	257.81***	582.49***
		F-_Treatment	1.41	0.03	646.33***	3142.90***
		F-_C×T	1.03	0.20	3.02*	19.13***

表2

表3

表4

不同品种彩色小麦成熟期干物质在各器官中的分配量和比例（2022—2024）"

年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	叶 Leaf		茎鞘 Stem+sheath		穗轴+颖壳 Spike axis+grain husk		籽粒 Grain
年份 Year	品种 Cultivar	处理 Treatment	干重 DW (kg·hm^-2)	比例 Ratio (%)	干重 DW (kg·hm^-2)	比例 Ratio (%)	干重 DW (kg·hm^-2)	比例 Ratio (%)	干重 DW (kg·hm^-2)	比例 Ratio (%)
2022—2023	秦白1号 Qinbai1	CK	1403.03±15.49a	9.01±0.05b	4169.00±8.21a	26.77±0.13bcd	3160.53±71.62a	20.29±0.41a	6842.63±14.59a	43.93±0.17d
	秦白1号 Qinbai1	T	1317.10±11.23b	8.62±0.12c	4120.77±20.72a	26.98±0.12abcd	3141.87±57.65a	20.57±0.31a	6692.63±17.09b	43.82±0.09d
	秦紫1号 Qinzi1	CK	1315.57±6.92b	8.88±0.04b	3875.10±7.62b	26.17±0.11e	3034.32±59.47ab	20.49±0.31a	6581.00±17.12cd	44.45±0.19d
	秦紫1号 Qinzi1	T	1232.53±2.79c	8.60±0.15c	3843.77±3.94b	26.81±0.12bcd	2919.50±56.47b	20.36±0.24a	6341.00±33.22e	44.23±0.25d
	新春36 Xinchun36	CK	1301.10±14.54b	9.25±0.11a	3716.17±6.05c	26.41±0.14de	2692.23±20.80c	19.14±0.13b	6358.43±4.31e	45.20±0.05c
	新春36 Xinchun36	T	1149.83±22.76e	8.59±0.18c	3632.07±57.94d	27.12±0.09ab	2442.63±93.96de	18.23±0.61bc	6166.53±22.86f	46.06±0.50b
	秦蓝1号 Qinlan1	CK	1206.00±5.66c	8.46±0.15c	3890.80±2.39b	27.30±0.17ab	2531.53±62.08cd	17.76±0.35c	6622.80±8.10c	46.48±0.20b
	秦蓝1号 Qinlan1	T	1091.40±9.76f	7.95±0.06d	3716.77±56.03c	27.06±0.43abc	2385.47±67.88de	17.37±0.50c	6538.00±7.86d	47.61±0.00a
	秦黑2号 Qinhei2	CK	1199.10±12.21cd	9.47±0.20a	3477.03±2.25e	27.45±0.18a	2176.07±30.76f	17.18±0.18c	5813.57±5.95g	45.90±0.16b
	秦黑2号 Qinhei2	T	1085.07±5.77f	8.94±0.06b	3220.43±43.6f	26.52±0.27cde	2086.67±4.53f	17.19±0.05c	5748.80±3.45h	47.35±0.17a
	秦绿3号 Qinlü3	CK	1169.30±14.56de	8.56±0.21c	3731.13±5.32c	27.32±0.20ab	2421.57±73.43de	17.72±0.30c	6339.70±23.05e	46.41±0.22b
	秦绿3号 Qinlü3	T	1001.50±7.32g	7.75±0.12d	3540.80±3.72e	27.41±0.26a	2256.07±88.22ef	17.45±0.47c	6123.43±6.39f	47.39±0.33a
	F-value	F_Cultivar	155.71***	24.72***	193.70***	4.49**	71.57***	33.52***	1052.60***	66.27***
		F-_Treatment	328.90**	32.40***	70.90***	0.64	12.15**	1.02	336.69***	25.14***
		F-_C×T	4.50	0.76	5.55**	3.97*	0.71	0.88	11.42**	4.23
2023—2024	秦白1号 Qinbai1	CK	1403.75±7.00a	9.87±0.05d	4147.94±11.08a	26.55±0.02d	3166.57±7.96a	26.88±0.68a	6903.51±18.28a	44.19±0.07h
	秦白1号 Qinbai1	T	1299.09±14.91b	9.35±0.11e	4078.79±11.92b	26.85±0.10bc	3051.54±6.87b	25.14±0.09c	6762.27±9.19b	44.51±0.06g
	秦紫1号 Qinzi1	CK	1421.32±12.07a	10.47±0.08b	3928.31±7.60c	26.20±0.03ef	3059.11±9.21b	26.98±0.69a	6581.97±6.32d	43.91±0.08i
	秦紫1号 Qinzi1	T	1315.89±12.02b	9.96±0.10d	3892.01±15.06c	26.80±0.10c	2879.45±8.88c	26.31±8.54ab	6436.75±17.8e	44.32±0.14gh
	新春36 Xinchun36	CK	1307.57±5.95b	10.22±0.05c	3734.16±12.55de	26.47±0.10d	2725.13±13.43d	25.48±8.04bc	6340.68±16.54f	44.95±0.10f
	新春36 Xinchun36	T	1147.05±13.48e	9.22±0.10e	3695.02±18.14f	27.20±0.10a	2545.59±12.32e	24.82±1.89cd	6197.29±7.66g	45.62±0.13e
	秦蓝1号 Qinlan1	CK	1182.51±9.37d	9.14±0.06ef	3740.46±8.12d	26.49±0.07d	2551.77±17.39e	23.19±0.67efg	6647.80±8.11c	47.07±0.08bc
	秦蓝1号 Qinlan1	T	1058.07±7.73f	8.43±0.06g	3699.40±12.92ef	27.18±0.06a	2416.90±18.49g	23.45±1.03ef	6436.93±2.90e	47.29±0.09ab
	秦黑2号 Qinhei2	CK	1248.52±9.85c	11.05±0.08a	3315.66±9.97i	26.41±0.06de	2158.29±14.26i	22.48±0.98g	5830.17±14.29i	46.44±0.03d
	秦黑2号 Qinhei2	T	1083.41±13.50f	9.83±0.13d	3279.61±14.36i	27.08±0.13ab	2053.31±14.20j	22.27±1.08g	5694.05±10.73j	47.02±0.09c
	秦绿3号 Qinlü3	CK	1218.34±9.48c	9.82±0.08d	3562.61±9.07g	26.14±0.04f	2501.33±13.84f	24.04±0.90de	6348.49±20.19f	46.57±0.09d
	秦绿3号 Qinlü3	T	1053.27±11.66f	8.90±0.10f	3513.67±7.23h	27.26±0.08a	2217.77±22.59h	22.68±1.02fg	6102.67±3.65h	47.35±0.06a
	F-value	F_Cultivar	210.29***	101.62***	1043.09***	4.66**	1649.08***	57.38***	1555.39***	432.35***
		F-_Treatment	506.08***	283.26***	39.57***	217.77***	480.58***	20.95***	511.19***	85.43***
		F-_C×T	3.86*	5.65**	0.52	5.55**	12.45***	1.90	6.28***	2.69*

表4

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图4

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年份 Year	碱解氮 Alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available phosphorous (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Rapidly available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	全磷 Total phosphorous (g·kg^-1)	全钾 Total potassium (g·kg^-1)
2022—2023	113.63	131.43	210.59	1.28	0.67	17.52
2023—2024	105.34	122.78	201.56	1.43	0.63	17.44