辽西半干旱区玉米大豆间作模式对作物干物质积累分配、产量及土地生产力的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.05.004

中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (5): 909-920.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.05.004

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

辽西半干旱区玉米大豆间作模式对作物干物质积累分配、产量及土地生产力的影响

蔡倩^1,³(),孙占祥^1,³(),郑家明^1,³,王文斌²,白伟^1,³(),冯良山^1,³,杨宁^1,³,向午燕^1,³,张哲^1,³,冯晨^1,³

¹辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,沈阳 110161
²辽宁省农业科学院作物研究所,沈阳 110161
³国家农业环境阜新科学观测实验站,辽宁阜新123100

收稿日期:2020-05-31 接受日期:2020-08-31 出版日期:2021-03-01 发布日期:2021-03-09
联系方式: 蔡倩,E-mail：caiqian2005@163.com
基金资助:
辽宁省博士科研启动基金(2019-BS-139);国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300204);辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC1807051);辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目(XLYC1908013);农业部来源项目“农业科研杰出人才其创新团队”;国家青年基金(41807388);辽宁省农业科学院学科建设计划项目(2019DD062010)

Dry Matter Accumulation, Allocation, Yield and Productivity of Maize- Soybean Intercropping Systems in the Semi-Arid Region of Western Liaoning Province

Qian CAI^1,³(),ZhanXiang SUN^1,³(),JiaMing ZHENG^1,³,WenBin WANG²,Wei BAI^1,³(),LiangShan FENG^1,³,Ning YANG^1,³,WuYan XIANG^1,³,Zhe ZHANG^1,³,Chen FENG^1,³

¹Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161
²Crop Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161
³National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Fuxin 123100, Liaoning

Received:2020-05-31 Accepted:2020-08-31 Published:2021-03-01 Online:2021-03-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】通过分析玉米大豆间作模式作物干物质积累与分配规律及种间竞争关系,探讨玉米大豆间作的增产机理,提出适合辽西半干旱区的最优玉米大豆间作模式。【方法】试验于2018—2019年在国家农业环境阜新科学观测实验站进行,采用田间试验方法,设置2行玉米2行大豆间作（MS2:2）、4行玉米4行大豆间作（MS4:4）、6行玉米6行大豆间作（MS6:6）、玉米单作（M）、大豆单作（S）等5种种植模式,研究作物的干物质积累分配特点、种间竞争力及其对产量和土地生产力的影响。【结果】3种间作模式均提高了玉米拔节期和灌浆期的干物质积累量,比单作玉米分别增加16.58%—20.32%和51.29%—52.56%;间作对大豆分枝期和鼓粒期的干物质积累影响较小,但分枝期MS2:2间作模式干物质积累量显著低于单作大豆。玉米干物质分配比率拔节期叶大于茎,灌浆期穗大于茎、叶,且3种间作模式穗的分配比率比单作玉米增加23.22%—31.70%;大豆干物质分配比率分枝期茎大于叶,鼓粒期茎、叶大于荚果,MS2:2和MS4:4间作模式大豆荚果分配比率比单作大豆分别降低19.30%、17.22%,MS6:6间作模式与单作大豆差异不显著。间作模式下玉米比大豆表现出了更强的种间竞争力（Ams>0）和产量营养竞争比率（CRms>1）。MS6:6和MS4:4间作模式土地当量比LER分别为1.16、1.07,土地生产力提高7%—16%,具有显著的间作优势;MS2:2间作模式土地当量比为0.97,具有间作劣势。【结论】玉米大豆间作模式土地生产能力的提高主要是通过改变作物干物质积累分配及种间竞争关系实现,MS6:6和MS4:4间作模式优势明显。表现最佳的是MS6:6间作模式,该模式能够显著提高土地生产力,在当地农业生产中具有很好的应用价值。

关键词: 玉米, 大豆, 种植模式, 干物质积累与分配, 种间竞争, 产量, 土地当量比（LER）

Abstract:

【Objective】The study investigated the mechanism of overyielding in maize-soybean intercropping systems and optimized maize-soybean intercropping configurations in semi-arid western Liaoning province by analyzing the dry matter accumulation and allocation of crops and the competition relationship between species in maize-soybean intercropping systems.【Method】The experiment was carried out in 2018-2019 at National Agricultural Environmental Station for Agricultural Environment in Fuxin. The cropping systems were: maize-soybean strip intercropping with 2 rows of maize and 2 rows of soybean (MS2:2), maize-soybean strip intercropping with 4 rows of maize and 4 rows of soybean (MS4:4), maize-soybean strip intercropping with 6 rows of maize and 6 rows of soybean (MS6:6), sole maize (M) and sole soybean (S). The dry matter accumulation and allocation of crops, interspecies competitiveness and its impact on crop yields and land productivity were analyzed. 【Result】The dry matter of intercropped maize in all the 3 intercropping systems in jointing and grain filling stages was increased by 16.58%-20.32% and 51.29%-52.56%, respectively, compared with that of the sole maize system. The effect of intercropping on the dry matter accumulation of soybean in the branching and grain filling stages was not significant, however the dry matter of soybean in the MS2:2 intercrop in the branching stage was significantly lower than that of sole stands. The dry matter allocation ratio of maize leaf in jointing stage was greater than that of stem, and the ratio of maize ear in filling stage was greater than that of maize stem and leaf. The allocation ratio of intercropped maize ear was 23.22%-31.70% higher than that of sole maize. The dry matter allocation ratio of soybean stem in branching stage was greater than leaf, and the ratio of soybean stem and leaf in grain filling stage was greater than that pod. The allocation ratios of intercropped soybean pod in MS2:2 and MS 4:4 were 19.30% and 17.22% lower than that of soled soybean, while the ratio under MS6:6 was only 6.1% (not significant) lower than that of soled soybean. Maize had a stronger interspecific competitiveness (A_MS>0) and yield nutrition competition ratio (CR_MS>1) than soybean in intercropping systems. MS6:6 and MS4:4 intercropping systems had significant land use advantages and the land equivalent ratio (LER) were 1.16 and 1.07, respectively, indicating that intercropping increased the land productivity by 7%-16%. MS2:2 intercropping system didn’t have a significant land use advantages, and the LER was 0.97.【Conclusion】The maize-soybean intercropping systems affected crop yield and land productivity by changing dry matter accumulation and allocation ratios and interspecific competition. Intercropping systems with wider strip width had a more significant yield advantage. MS6:6 intercropping systems performed the best, which significantly improved the land productivity and might be an option of cropping system in maintaining regional agricultural sustainability.

Key words: maize, soybean, planting configuration, accumulation and allocation of dry matter, interspecific competition, yield, land equivalent ratio (LER)

蔡倩,孙占祥,郑家明,王文斌,白伟,冯良山,杨宁,向午燕,张哲,冯晨. 辽西半干旱区玉米大豆间作模式对作物干物质积累分配、产量及土地生产力的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(5): 909-920.

Qian CAI,ZhanXiang SUN,JiaMing ZHENG,WenBin WANG,Wei BAI,LiangShan FENG,Ning YANG,WuYan XIANG,Zhe ZHANG,Chen FENG. Dry Matter Accumulation, Allocation, Yield and Productivity of Maize- Soybean Intercropping Systems in the Semi-Arid Region of Western Liaoning Province[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(5): 909-920.

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年份 Year	种植模式 Planting configuration	均一化产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)
年份 Year	种植模式 Planting configuration	玉米 Maize	大豆 Soybean
2018	单作 Sole	8112.0±856.0a	2474.5±203.5a
	MS2:2	5268.0±316.2b	766.4±78.4c
	MS4:4	5123.0±490.1b	1086.7±232.7b
	MS6:6	5628.7±390.1b	1227.2±50.7b
2019	单作 Sole	10228.2±829.3a	3378.7±433.0a
	MS2:2	6245.0±263.0b	1235.2±177.7c
	MS4:4	6321.5±290.1b	1498.8±115.1bc
	MS6:6	6384.3±140.0b	1692.3±148.6b
平均值 Mean	单作 Sole	9170.1±844.1a	2926.6±318.3a
	MS2:2	5756.5±210.6b	1000.8±108.5c
	MS4:4	5722.3±267.6b	1292.7±115.7b
	MS6:6	6006.5±167.5b	1459.7±87.0b
P	种植模式 Planting configuration	0.000	0.000
	年份 Year	0.001	0.003
	种植模式×年份 Planting configuration×Year	0.522	0.457

年份 Year	种植模式 Planting configuration	LER_M	LER_S	LER
2018	MS2:2	0.65±0.04a	0.31±0.03b	0.96±0.07b
	MS4:4	0.63±0.06a	0.44±0.09a	1.07±0.11ab
	MS6:6	0.69±0.05a	0.50±0.02a	1.19±0.03a
2019	MS2:2	0.61±0.03a	0.37±0.05b	0.98±0.05b
	MS4:4	0.62±0.03a	0.44±0.03ab	1.06±0.02a
	MS6:6	0.62±0.01a	0.50±0.04a	1.13±0.04a
平均值 Mean	MS2:2	0.63±0.02a	0.34±0.04b	0.97±0.06b
	MS4:4	0.62±0.04a	0.44±0.06a	1.07±0.05ab
	MS6:6	0.66±0.03a	0.50±0.02a	1.16±0.03a
P	种植模式 Planting configuration	0.647	0.039	0.027
	年份 Year	0.299	0.648	0.730
	种植模式×年份 Planting configuration×Year	0.769	0.906	0.796

种植模式Planting configuration	单株干物质积累 Dry matter accumulation per plant (g/plant)		干物质分配比率 Dry matter partitioning ratio (%)
	拔节期 Jointing stage	灌浆期 Filling stage	拔节期 Jointing stage		灌浆期 Filling stage
	拔节期 Jointing stage	灌浆期 Filling stage	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	穗 Ear
M	64.97±5.85b	277.67±14.30b	40.05±1.05a	59.95±1.05a	40.25±3.62a	18.58±1.11a	41.17±3.38b
MS2:2	78.17±4.77a	420.10±19.43a	41.25±1.90a	58.75±1.90b	31.60±1.16c	15.74±0.44b	52.66±0.84a
MS4:4	77.38±5.26a	423.62±17.62a	40.57±0.48a	59.43±0.48a	35.55±1.16ab	13.72±0.73c	50.73±1.25a
MS6:6	75.74±2.93a	421.22±21.27a	41.32±0.67a	58.68±0.67b	32.21±2.26bc	13.57±0.61c	54.22±1.95a

种植模式Planting configuration	单株干物质积累 Dry matter accumulation per plant (g/plant)		干物质分配比率 Dry matter partitioning ratio (%)
	分枝期 Branching stage	鼓粒期 Pod filling stage	分枝期 Branching stage		鼓粒期 Pod filling stage
	分枝期 Branching stage	鼓粒期 Pod filling stage	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	茎 Stem	叶 Leaf	荚果 Pod
S	9.87±1.47a	44.07±1.65a	55.71±0.77b	44.29±0.77a	40.45±0.89c	36.43±1.66a	23.11±0.83a
MS2:2	7.20±0.83b	43.67±6.77a	57.73±0.82a	42.27±0.82b	43.83±1.76ab	37.52±2.64a	18.65±2.62b
MS4:4	8.50±1.09ab	44.52±7.02a	56.72±1.27ab	43.28±1.27ab	44.64±1.26a	36.23±2.14a	19.13±1.48b
MS6:6	9.02±1.05ab	47.09±7.27a	54.99±1.12b	45.01±1.12a	42.24±1.02bc	36.06±1.74a	21.70±2.37ab

辽西半干旱区玉米大豆间作模式对作物干物质积累分配、产量及土地生产力的影响

Dry Matter Accumulation, Allocation, Yield and Productivity of Maize- Soybean Intercropping Systems in the Semi-Arid Region of Western Liaoning Province

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