不同灌溉方式对宁夏盐渍化土壤水盐运移、水稻产量及水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.04.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探明不同灌溉方式对宁夏盐渍化稻田土壤水盐运移、水稻产量及水分利用效率的影响及其生理机制，以明确适宜该地区的水稻灌溉方式。【方法】以当地主栽品种宁粳52为试验材料，通过2年田间定位试验，系统研究传统灌溉（CK）与不同水平干湿交替灌溉方式（W1、W2、W3处理，即水稻分蘖初期至灌浆末期，土壤水势降至-10、-20、-30 kPa后恢复水层，再落干，如此循环）下土壤水盐运移规律、水稻生理特性、产量及水分利用效率，并运用偏最小二乘路径模型（PLS-PM）探究各变量间的关系。【结果】不同灌溉方式显著改变了土壤水盐分布，其中0—40 cm土层是盐分淋洗主要发生区域。相较于CK，W1处理导致0—40 cm土层含水率下降11.46%，0—20 cm土层电导率（EC）增长8.43%，20—40 cm土层脱盐率达6.14%，明显优于CK（2.21%）。生理分析显示，相较于CK，W1处理显著增加了抽穗期和灌浆期的根长、根体积和根冠比，且提高了灌浆期的根系活力、根系总吸收面积和活跃吸收面积，并增强冠层光合效能（叶片叶绿素相对含量（SPAD）和净光合速率），最终使产量提高3.96%—4.75%，水分利用效率提高18.30%—19.77%。相比之下，W2和W3处理下的土壤含水率下降明显，土壤盐分积累增多、根系发育受阻、光合效率下降，产量降幅达20.00%—46.46%。利用PLS-PM进一步分析表明，不同灌溉方式通过调控土壤水盐、根系形态和生理来影响水稻冠层光合效能，进而直接或间接影响产量。其中，冠层光合效能是影响水稻产量的主要驱动因子。【结论】-10 kPa下的干湿交替灌溉方式，通过协调水盐分布、改善根系形态生理和光合效率，实现盐渍化稻田水稻节水增产，可作为宁夏盐渍化地区适宜的灌溉方式。

关键词: 盐渍化土壤, 水稻, 产量, 干湿交替灌溉, 生理特性, 水分利用效率, PLS-PM

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to elucidate the effects of different irrigation methods on soil water-salt transport, rice yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) in salinized paddy fields in Ningxia, as well as their physiological mechanisms, so as to clarify the suitable irrigation methods for rice in this region.【Method】Using the locally dominant cultivar Ningjing 52 as the test material, a two-year field positioning experiment was conducted to systematically investigate the patterns of soil water-salt transport, rice physiological traits, yield, and WUE under conventional irrigation (CK) and different levels of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation (W1, W2, and W3 treatments). Specifically, for the AWD treatments, from the early tillering to the late grain-filling stage, the field was re-flooded after the soil water potential dropped to -10 kPa, -20 kPa, and -30 kPa under W1, W2, and W3, respectively, and this cycle was repeated. A partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) was employed to analyze the interactions among these factors.【Result】The different irrigation methods practices significantly altered soil water-salt distribution, with the 0-40 cm soil layer being the primary zone for salt leaching. Compared with CK, W1 reduced the water content in the 0-40 cm soil layer by 11.46%, increased the electrical conductivity (EC) in the 0-20 cm layer by 8.43%, and achieved a desalination rate of 6.14% in the 20-40 cm layer, significantly outperforming CK (2.21%). Physiological analysis revealed that W1 significantly increased root length, root volume, and root-shoot ratio at the heading and grain-filling stages compared with CK, enhanced root activity, total root absorption area, and active absorption area during grain filling, and improved canopy photosynthetic efficiency (SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of rice leaves). Consequently, yield increased by 3.96%-4.75%, and WUE improved by 18.30%-19.77%. In contrast, W2 and W3 treatments led to a notable decline in soil water content, increased soil salt accumulation, inhibited root development, and reduced photosynthetic efficiency, resulting in yield reductions of 20.00%-46.46%. Further PLS-PM analysis indicated that different irrigation methods practices influenced rice canopy photosynthetic efficiency by regulating soil physicochemical properties, root morphology, and physiology, thereby directly or indirectly affecting yield. Among these factors, canopy photosynthetic efficiency was the primary driver of rice yield.【Conclusion】The alternate wetting and drying irrigation method under -10 kPa effectively coordinates water-salt distribution, improves root morphology and physiology, and enhances photosynthetic efficiency, thereby achieving water-saving and yield-increasing effects in salinized rice fields. It could serve as a suitable irrigation method for salinized soils in Ningxia.

Key words: salinized soil, rice, yield, alternate wetting and drying irrigation, physiological traits, water use efficiency, PLS-PM

郭富城, 唐海江, 郝馨怡, 马国林, 杨九菊, 黄霖锋, 田蕾, 王彬, 罗成科. 不同灌溉方式对宁夏盐渍化土壤水盐运移、水稻产量及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(4): 750-764.

GUO FuCheng, TANG HaiJiang, HAO XinYi, MA GuoLin, YANG JiuJu, HUANG LinFeng, TIAN Lei, WANG Bin, LUO ChengKe. Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Water-Salt Transport, Rice Yield, and Water Use Efficiency in Saline Soil in Ningxia[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(4): 750-764.

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年份 Year	土层 Depth (cm)	全盐 Total salt (g·kg^-1)	pH	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkali-hydrolysable N (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)
2023	0—20	4.69	8.78	0.41	8.79	29.70	14.93	139.49
2023	20—40	3.59	8.90	0.28	8.75	16.79	11.20	158.61
2024	0—20	4.34	8.78	0.35	10.71	23.06	17.92	142.13
2024	20—40	2.83	9.11	0.21	9.58	18.18	11.67	167.18

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	穗数 Panicle number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	每穗粒数 Spikelets per panicle	结实率 Setting percentage (%)	千粒重 Thousand-grain weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
2023	CK	454a	72.88a	88.97b	23.86a	6815a
	W1	435a	76.64a	93.09a	23.33ab	7085a
	W2	363b	54.15b	90.34b	22.80b	4917b
	W3	379b	49.38b	76.47c	21.95c	3649c
2024	CK	472a	67.80a	90.60b	23.76a	6608a
	W1	446a	69.98a	93.30a	23.50a	6922a
	W2	388b	52.82b	88.63b	22.47b	5287b
	W3	379b	49.38b	79.86c	21.95c	3605c
方差分析 ANOVA
年份 Year (Y)		ns	*	ns	ns	ns
处理 Treatment (T)		**	**	**	**	**
年份×处理 Y×T		ns	ns	**	ns	ns

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	根总长 Total root length (cm/plant)				根体积 Root volume (mm³/plant)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	苗期 Seedling	分蘖期 Tillering	抽穗期 Heading	灌浆期 Grain-filling	苗期 Seedling	分蘖期 Tillering	抽穗期 Heading	灌浆期 Grain-filling
2023	CK	69.00a	893.60b	1007.11b	780.12a	294.16a	66442.56b	75676.85b	58328.72a
	W1	70.64a	975.36a	1256.63a	809.72a	257.86a	80106.52a	102707.10a	63131.65a
	W2	67.24a	817.70c	960.28bc	709.08b	278.34a	51793.50c	58511.00c	36429.62b
	W3	62.91a	811.58c	831.81c	606.26c	264.40a	46877.37c	35676.99d	23734.85c
2024	CK	66.76b	852.75a	1053.29b	723.72a	249.27b	64931.85b	72674.76b	47491.38a
	W1	64.58b	908.45a	1230.24a	787.81a	270.11a	76090.57a	86082.73a	56550.26a
	W2	65.68b	709.16b	938.43c	652.10ab	269.82a	51251.57c	48047.37c	32250.94b
	W3	72.59a	680.26b	799.13d	541.93b	252.23b	40978.19d	39785.55c	25743.48b
方差分析 ANOVA
年份 Year (Y)		ns	ns	ns	*	ns	ns	*	ns
处理 Treatment (T)		ns	**	**	**	ns	**	**	**
年份×处理 Y×T		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	茎蘖数 Number of tillers			茎蘖成穗率 Productivre tillers (%)
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	分蘖初期Initial tillering	分蘖盛期Active tillering	灌浆期Grain-filling	茎蘖成穗率 Productivre tillers (%)
2023	CK	555±5.8b	827±9.8a	454±5.3a	54.93±0.9a
	W1	589±5.3a	793±15.4b	435±8.1a	54.95±2.0a
	W2	592±12.9a	795±4.7b	363±2.2b	45.63±0.5c
	W3	592±8.0a	767±2.4b	379±5.2b	49.43±0.6b
2024	CK	568±2.4b	829±7.0a	472±4.6a	56.87±1.2a
	W1	612±4.5a	814±1.2b	446±2.0a	54.82±0.3a
	W2	576±10.7b	791±1.2c	388±4.8b	49.01±0.6b
	W3	605±3.6a	766±5.2d	379±14.7b	49.51±2.3b
方差分析ANOVA
年份Year (Y)		ns	ns	ns	ns
处理Treatment (T)		ns	**	**	**
年份×处理 Y×T		ns	**	ns	ns