中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (5): 909-920.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.05.004
蔡倩1,3(),孙占祥1,3(),郑家明1,3,王文斌2,白伟1,3(),冯良山1,3,杨宁1,3,向午燕1,3,张哲1,3,冯晨1,3
收稿日期:
2020-05-31
接受日期:
2020-08-31
出版日期:
2021-03-01
发布日期:
2021-03-09
通讯作者:
孙占祥,白伟
作者简介:
蔡倩,E-mail:基金资助:
Qian CAI1,3(),ZhanXiang SUN1,3(),JiaMing ZHENG1,3,WenBin WANG2,Wei BAI1,3(),LiangShan FENG1,3,Ning YANG1,3,WuYan XIANG1,3,Zhe ZHANG1,3,Chen FENG1,3
Received:
2020-05-31
Accepted:
2020-08-31
Online:
2021-03-01
Published:
2021-03-09
Contact:
ZhanXiang SUN,Wei BAI
摘要:
【目的】通过分析玉米大豆间作模式作物干物质积累与分配规律及种间竞争关系,探讨玉米大豆间作的增产机理,提出适合辽西半干旱区的最优玉米大豆间作模式。【方法】试验于2018—2019年在国家农业环境阜新科学观测实验站进行,采用田间试验方法,设置2行玉米2行大豆间作(MS2:2)、4行玉米4行大豆间作(MS4:4)、6行玉米6行大豆间作(MS6:6)、玉米单作(M)、大豆单作(S)等5种种植模式,研究作物的干物质积累分配特点、种间竞争力及其对产量和土地生产力的影响。【结果】3种间作模式均提高了玉米拔节期和灌浆期的干物质积累量,比单作玉米分别增加16.58%—20.32%和51.29%—52.56%;间作对大豆分枝期和鼓粒期的干物质积累影响较小,但分枝期MS2:2间作模式干物质积累量显著低于单作大豆。玉米干物质分配比率拔节期叶大于茎,灌浆期穗大于茎、叶,且3种间作模式穗的分配比率比单作玉米增加23.22%—31.70%;大豆干物质分配比率分枝期茎大于叶,鼓粒期茎、叶大于荚果,MS2:2和MS4:4间作模式大豆荚果分配比率比单作大豆分别降低19.30%、17.22%,MS6:6间作模式与单作大豆差异不显著。间作模式下玉米比大豆表现出了更强的种间竞争力(Ams>0)和产量营养竞争比率(CRms>1)。MS6:6和MS4:4间作模式土地当量比LER分别为1.16、1.07,土地生产力提高7%—16%,具有显著的间作优势;MS2:2间作模式土地当量比为0.97,具有间作劣势。【结论】玉米大豆间作模式土地生产能力的提高主要是通过改变作物干物质积累分配及种间竞争关系实现,MS6:6和MS4:4间作模式优势明显。表现最佳的是MS6:6间作模式,该模式能够显著提高土地生产力,在当地农业生产中具有很好的应用价值。
蔡倩,孙占祥,郑家明,王文斌,白伟,冯良山,杨宁,向午燕,张哲,冯晨. 辽西半干旱区玉米大豆间作模式对作物干物质积累分配、产量及土地生产力的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(5): 909-920.
Qian CAI,ZhanXiang SUN,JiaMing ZHENG,WenBin WANG,Wei BAI,LiangShan FENG,Ning YANG,WuYan XIANG,Zhe ZHANG,Chen FENG. Dry Matter Accumulation, Allocation, Yield and Productivity of Maize- Soybean Intercropping Systems in the Semi-Arid Region of Western Liaoning Province[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(5): 909-920.
表1
玉米大豆间作对作物产量的影响"
年份 Year | 种植模式 Planting configuration | 均一化产量 Grain yield (kg·hm-2) | |
---|---|---|---|
玉米 Maize | 大豆 Soybean | ||
2018 | 单作 Sole | 8112.0±856.0a | 2474.5±203.5a |
MS2:2 | 5268.0±316.2b | 766.4±78.4c | |
MS4:4 | 5123.0±490.1b | 1086.7±232.7b | |
MS6:6 | 5628.7±390.1b | 1227.2±50.7b | |
2019 | 单作 Sole | 10228.2±829.3a | 3378.7±433.0a |
MS2:2 | 6245.0±263.0b | 1235.2±177.7c | |
MS4:4 | 6321.5±290.1b | 1498.8±115.1bc | |
MS6:6 | 6384.3±140.0b | 1692.3±148.6b | |
平均值 Mean | 单作 Sole | 9170.1±844.1a | 2926.6±318.3a |
MS2:2 | 5756.5±210.6b | 1000.8±108.5c | |
MS4:4 | 5722.3±267.6b | 1292.7±115.7b | |
MS6:6 | 6006.5±167.5b | 1459.7±87.0b | |
P | 种植模式 Planting configuration | 0.000 | 0.000 |
年份 Year | 0.001 | 0.003 | |
种植模式×年份 Planting configuration×Year | 0.522 | 0.457 |
表2
玉米和大豆不同种植模式土地当量比"
年份 Year | 种植模式 Planting configuration | LERM | LERS | LER |
---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | MS2:2 | 0.65±0.04a | 0.31±0.03b | 0.96±0.07b |
MS4:4 | 0.63±0.06a | 0.44±0.09a | 1.07±0.11ab | |
MS6:6 | 0.69±0.05a | 0.50±0.02a | 1.19±0.03a | |
2019 | MS2:2 | 0.61±0.03a | 0.37±0.05b | 0.98±0.05b |
MS4:4 | 0.62±0.03a | 0.44±0.03ab | 1.06±0.02a | |
MS6:6 | 0.62±0.01a | 0.50±0.04a | 1.13±0.04a | |
平均值 Mean | MS2:2 | 0.63±0.02a | 0.34±0.04b | 0.97±0.06b |
MS4:4 | 0.62±0.04a | 0.44±0.06a | 1.07±0.05ab | |
MS6:6 | 0.66±0.03a | 0.50±0.02a | 1.16±0.03a | |
P | 种植模式 Planting configuration | 0.647 | 0.039 | 0.027 |
年份 Year | 0.299 | 0.648 | 0.730 | |
种植模式×年份 Planting configuration×Year | 0.769 | 0.906 | 0.796 |
表3
单作及间作玉米单株干物质积累与分配比率"
种植模式Planting configuration | 单株干物质积累 Dry matter accumulation per plant (g/plant) | 干物质分配比率 Dry matter partitioning ratio (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
拔节期 Jointing stage | 灌浆期 Filling stage | 拔节期 Jointing stage | 灌浆期 Filling stage | ||||
茎 Stem | 叶 Leaf | 茎 Stem | 叶 Leaf | 穗 Ear | |||
M | 64.97±5.85b | 277.67±14.30b | 40.05±1.05a | 59.95±1.05a | 40.25±3.62a | 18.58±1.11a | 41.17±3.38b |
MS2:2 | 78.17±4.77a | 420.10±19.43a | 41.25±1.90a | 58.75±1.90b | 31.60±1.16c | 15.74±0.44b | 52.66±0.84a |
MS4:4 | 77.38±5.26a | 423.62±17.62a | 40.57±0.48a | 59.43±0.48a | 35.55±1.16ab | 13.72±0.73c | 50.73±1.25a |
MS6:6 | 75.74±2.93a | 421.22±21.27a | 41.32±0.67a | 58.68±0.67b | 32.21±2.26bc | 13.57±0.61c | 54.22±1.95a |
表4
单作及间作大豆单株物质积累与分配比率"
种植模式Planting configuration | 单株干物质积累 Dry matter accumulation per plant (g/plant) | 干物质分配比率 Dry matter partitioning ratio (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
分枝期 Branching stage | 鼓粒期 Pod filling stage | 分枝期 Branching stage | 鼓粒期 Pod filling stage | ||||
茎 Stem | 叶 Leaf | 茎 Stem | 叶 Leaf | 荚果 Pod | |||
S | 9.87±1.47a | 44.07±1.65a | 55.71±0.77b | 44.29±0.77a | 40.45±0.89c | 36.43±1.66a | 23.11±0.83a |
MS2:2 | 7.20±0.83b | 43.67±6.77a | 57.73±0.82a | 42.27±0.82b | 43.83±1.76ab | 37.52±2.64a | 18.65±2.62b |
MS4:4 | 8.50±1.09ab | 44.52±7.02a | 56.72±1.27ab | 43.28±1.27ab | 44.64±1.26a | 36.23±2.14a | 19.13±1.48b |
MS6:6 | 9.02±1.05ab | 47.09±7.27a | 54.99±1.12b | 45.01±1.12a | 42.24±1.02bc | 36.06±1.74a | 21.70±2.37ab |
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