加气滴灌下氮肥有机替代对亏缺灌溉棉花产量和水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.03.010

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (3): 602-618.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.03.010

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

加气滴灌下氮肥有机替代对亏缺灌溉棉花产量和水分利用效率的影响

延廷霖¹^,²(), 杜娅丹¹^,²(), 胡笑涛¹^,², 王贺¹^,², 李晓雁¹^,², 王玉明¹^,², 牛文全¹^,³, 谷晓博¹^,²

¹ 西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100
² 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院，陕西杨凌 712100
³ 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所，陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2025-03-26 接受日期:2025-05-12 出版日期:2026-02-01 发布日期:2026-01-31
通信作者:
杜娅丹，E-mail：dyd123027@163.com
联系方式: 延廷霖，E-mail：2022050968@nwafu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1900400); 国家自然科学基金(52109066); 中国博士后科学基金(2022M712604); 中国博士后科学基金(2023T160534); 陕西省博士后基金(2023BSHTBZZ29)

The Impacts of Nitrogen Fertilizer Organic Alternatives Under Aerated Drip Irrigation on Cotton Yield and Water Use Efficiency Under Deficit Irrigation Conditions

YAN TingLin¹^,²(), DU YaDan¹^,²(), HU XiaoTao¹^,², WANG He¹^,², LI XiaoYan¹^,², WANG YuMing¹^,², NIU WenQuan¹^,³, GU XiaoBo¹^,²

¹ Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
² College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
³ Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS&MWR, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi

Received:2025-03-26 Accepted:2025-05-12 Published:2026-02-01 Online:2026-01-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】针对新疆水资源短缺和土壤肥力较低等问题，探究加气滴灌下不同灌水量和有机无机肥不同配比对土壤质量，棉花的生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响，为确定新疆棉花节水高效可持续生产的灌溉施肥模式提供理论依据。【方法】于2023和2024年在新疆生产建设兵团146团地区开展大田试验，在加气滴灌下设置2个灌水量（W1：80%ET_C和W2：100%ET_C，ET_C为作物蒸发蒸腾量）和5个有机无机肥配施比例（OF1：100%化肥，OF2：75%化肥+25%有机肥，OF3：50%化肥+50%有机肥，OF4：25%化肥+75%有机肥，OF5：100%有机肥），研究其对土壤质量指数（SQI）和棉花叶面积指数（LAI）、干物质累积量、产量、水分利用效率（WUE）的影响。【结果】土壤质量指数（SQI）随有机肥占比的提高而增大。与单施化肥相比，有机无机肥配施处理SQI两年平均提高了9.9%—28.8%。亏缺灌溉下土壤含水量和棉花LAI、干物质累积量、产量显著下降，而WUE显著提高。在两种灌溉水平（W1和W2）下，土壤含水量和棉花LAI、干物质累积量均随有机肥占比的增加呈先升后降趋势，W1灌溉水平下W1OF3处理以上指标取得最大值，而W2灌溉水平下W2OF2处理达最大值。与单施化肥OF1相比，有机无机肥配施处理两年土壤含水量、棉花的LAI和干物质累积量分别提高了0.4%—5.2%、4.1%—19.8%和3.7%—18.8%。两年籽棉产量均以W2OF2处理最大，两年平均产量为6 739.99 kg·hm^-2，但WUE以W1OF3处理最高，两年平均为1.42 kg·m^-3。分别利用隶属函数法、TOPSIS法和灰色关联度分析法对不同处理的SQI、籽棉产量和WUE进行评价，并结合整体差异组合评价模型对棉田SQI、籽棉产量和WUE进行综合评价，确定最优处理为W1OF3。【结论】考虑节水优先，保证产量的同时提高WUE和土壤质量为目标，推荐在加气滴灌下采用80%ET_C和50%有机肥+50%化肥作为新疆棉田节水高效生产措施。

关键词: 加气滴灌, 有机无机肥配施, 土壤质量, 棉花, 产量, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

【Objective】In light of the shortage of water resources and the lower fertility and poor quality of soils in Xinjiang, this study explored the effects of varying irrigation volumes and ratios of organic to inorganic fertilizer application under aerated drip irrigation on the soil quality, cotton growth, yield, and water use efficiency of cotton fields. The objective was to provide a theoretical basis for determining an irrigation and fertilization model for cotton in Xinjiang that was water-saving, highly efficient, and sustainable. 【Method】Field experiments were conducted in the 146th Regiment area of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in 2023 and 2024. Under aerated drip irrigation, two irrigation volumes (W1: 80%ET_C and W2: 100%ET_C, where ET_C represents the crop evapotranspiration) and five ratios of organic to inorganic fertilizer application (OF1: 100% chemical fertilizer, OF2: 75% chemical fertilizer + 25% organic fertilizer, OF3: 50% chemical fertilizer + 50% organic fertilizer, OF4: 25% chemical fertilizer + 75% organic fertilizer, OF5: 100% organic fertilizer) were set up to study their impacts on the physical and chemical properties of soil quality, cotton growth including leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE). 【Result】The Soil Quality Index (SQI) increased with the rising proportion of organic fertilizer, showing an average increase of 9.9%-28.8% in the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers over the two years compared with the application of chemical fertilizer alone. Under deficit irrigation, soil moisture content, LAI, dry matter accumulation, and yield significantly decreased, while Water Use Efficiency (WUE) significantly increased. Under the two irrigation levels (W1 and W2), soil moisture content, cotton LAI, and dry matter accumulation first increased and then decreased as the proportion of organic fertilizer increased. Under W1, these indicators reached their maxima with the W1OF3 treatment, whereas under W2, their maxima were observed with the W2OF2 treatment. Compared with chemical fertilizer alone (OF1), the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers increased soil moisture content, LAI, and dry matter accumulation by 0.4%-5.2%, 4.1%-19.8%, and 3.7%-18.8% over two years, respectively. Over two years, the maximum seed cotton yield was observed under W2OF2 treatment, with an average yield of 6 739.99 kg·hm^-2, but the highest WUE was achieved under the W1OF3 treatment, with an average value of 1.42 kg·m^-3. The SQI, seed cotton yield, and WUE under different treatments were evaluated using the membership function method, TOPSIS method, and grey relational analysis, respectively. A comprehensive evaluation was carried out using an integrated differential combination evaluation model, determining the optimum treatment as W1OF3. 【Conclusion】Considering the priority of water-saving, while ensuring yield, and aiming to improve Water Use Efficiency (WUE) and soil quality, it was recommended that under aerated drip irrigation, applying 80% ET_C for irrigation water volume and a combined application of 50% organic fertilizer and 50% chemical fertilizer, for serving as the optimal management measure for water-saving and efficient production in cotton fields in Xinjiang.

Key words: aerated drip irrigation, organic-inorganic fertilization, soil quality, cotton, yield, WUE

延廷霖, 杜娅丹, 胡笑涛, 王贺, 李晓雁, 王玉明, 牛文全, 谷晓博. 加气滴灌下氮肥有机替代对亏缺灌溉棉花产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(3): 602-618.

YAN TingLin, DU YaDan, HU XiaoTao, WANG He, LI XiaoYan, WANG YuMing, NIU WenQuan, GU XiaoBo. The Impacts of Nitrogen Fertilizer Organic Alternatives Under Aerated Drip Irrigation on Cotton Yield and Water Use Efficiency Under Deficit Irrigation Conditions[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(3): 602-618.

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施肥水平 Fertilization level	有机肥Organic fertilizer		化肥Chemical fertilizer (kg·hm^-2)
施肥水平 Fertilization level	替代化肥比例 Proportion of alternative fertilizers (%)	施肥量 Amount of fertilizer (kg·hm^-2)	尿素 Urea	磷酸二氢钾 Potassium monobasic phosphate	农用硫酸钾 Potassium sulfate for agricultural use
OF1	0	0	646.55	230.77	143.08
OF2	25	1556.02	484.91	187.68	144.10
OF3	50	3112.03	323.28	144.59	135.89
OF4	75	4668.05	161.64	101.50	127.67
OF5	100	6224.07	0	58.41	119.46

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	Y_max(kg·hm^-2)	R²	T₁(d)	T₂(d)	T₃(d)	ΔT (d)	V_max(kg·hm^-2·d^-1)
2023	W1OF1	18384	0.983	72	93	113	41	294
	W1OF2	19217	0.978	72	93	114	42	303
	W1OF3	20440	0.985	74	94	115	42	323
	W1OF4	18470	0.989	74	94	113	39	309
	W1OF5	17227	0.986	74	93	113	39	290
	W2OF1	22073	0.997	73	95	117	45	325
	W2OF2	25414	0.997	75	98	121	46	362
	W2OF3	23890	0.994	71	94	117	46	345
	W2OF4	23012	0.998	75	98	121	46	330
	W2OF5	21278	0.995	74	96	119	45	313
2024	W1OF1	18395	0.996	70	93	116	46	264
	W1OF2	20064	0.994	71	96	120	48	273
	W1OF3	21063	0.998	70	94	119	48	287
	W1OF4	19108	0.993	72	95	118	46	271
	W1OF5	17652	0.985	72	94	116	45	260
	W2OF1	23468	0.997	70	97	124	54	289
	W2OF2	26268	0.965	68	97	126	58	295
	W2OF3	25963	0.974	69	99	129	60	287
	W2OF4	24397	0.994	71	98	124	53	306
	W2OF5	22241	0.989	71	97	122	51	289

处理 Treatment	单铃重 Boll weight (g)		单株有效铃数 Effective bolls per plant		籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg·hm^-2)		作物耗水量 ET (mm)		水分利用效率 WUE (kg·m^-3)
处理 Treatment	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
W1OF1	4.86±0.02f	4.89±0.09e	6.06±0.12f	6.49±0.06d	5347.87±30.89g	5375.58±99.57g	418.90g	398.65f	1.28±0.01d	1.35±0.04bc
W1OF2	4.89±0.02f	4.90±0.06e	6.39±0.07e	6.64±0.04c	5519.16±32.20f	5524.19±75.38f	422.87f	401.62e	1.31±0.01b	1.38±0.03b
W1OF3	4.90±0.02f	4.96±0.16e	6.66±0.19d	6.72±0.03c	5857.60±29.94e	5931.50±39.20d	424.81e	406.56d	1.38±0.01a	1.46±0.01a
W1OF4	4.86±0.02e	4.94±0.02d	6.46±0.07de	6.52±0.04d	5447.96±29.85e	5498.47±27.04de	419.47f	399.22e	1.30±0.01bc	1.38±0.01b
W1OF5	4.76±0.03e	4.92±0.08cd	6.35±0.07e	6.42±0.07d	5122.58±42.00f	5197.40±88.62ef	419.09f	395.84e	1.22±0.01f	1.31±0.03d
W2OF1	5.33±0.01d	5.33±0.06bc	7.11±0.10c	7.24±0.05b	6201.28±14.11d	6200.37±77.33c	518.97d	495.64c	1.19±0.01g	1.25±0.02e
W2OF2	5.53±0.10bc	5.49±0.06ab	7.51±0.25a	7.70±0.07a	6765.12±154.35b	6714.86±70.26a	526.72a	504.48a	1.28±0.03d	1.33±0.02cd
W2OF3	5.40±0.03c	5.41±0.05ab	7.45±0.10ab	7.62±0.10a	6544.68±39.79a	6624.83±58.98a	521.06c	500.94a	1.26±0.01e	1.32±0.02cd
W2OF4	5.50±0.06ab	5.37±0.08a	7.25±0.11bc	7.33±0.10b	6381.52±92.01bc	6226.62±91.73ab	515.85c	497.48b	1.24±0.02ef	1.25±0.02e
W2OF5	5.31±0.03a	5.30±0.09a	7.18±0.04c	7.22±0.04b	6070.97±36.37c	6058.37±97.66b	513.23b	497.28b	1.18±0.02g	1.22±0.03f
显著性分析（F值）Significance analysis (F-values)
W	628.88***	169.13***	380.35***	1379.27***	923.61***	430.57***	-	-	192.18***	246.68***
OF	21.75***	11.10***	12.38***	43.35***	54.64***	23.01***	-	-	72.08***	46.69***
W×OF	1.67ns	0.75ns	1.58ns	4.35*	6.64**	3.28*	-	-	14.14***	6.76***

处理 Treatment	隶属函数 Membership functions		TOPSIS		灰色关联度 Grey relevance analysis		综合评价模型 Comprehensive evaluation model
处理 Treatment	评价值 Values	排序 Rank	评价值 Values	排序 Rank	评价值 Values	排序 Rank	评价值 Values	排序 Rank
W1OF1	0.162	10	0.294	10	0.420	10	-1.356	10
W1OF2	0.331	8	0.418	8	0.480	8	-0.602	8
W1OF3	0.595	4	0.648	1	0.681	1	0.986	1
W1OF4	0.419	7	0.470	6	0.507	7	-0.253	7
W1OF5	0.445	6	0.437	7	0.547	6	-0.168	6
W2OF1	0.320	9	0.334	9	0.461	9	-0.878	9
W2OF2	0.657	1	0.617	2	0.671	2	0.983	2
W2OF3	0.635	2	0.583	3	0.618	4	0.706	3
W2OF4	0.544	5	0.489	4	0.549	5	0.124	5
W2OF5	0.614	3	0.486	5	0.623	3	0.458	4

	隶属函数 Membership functions	TOPSIS	灰色关联度 Grey relevance analysis	均值 Average
隶属函数 Membership functions	1.000	0.906	0.943	0.950
TOPSIS	0.906	1.000	0.946	0.951
灰色关联度 Grey relevance analysis	0.943	0.946	1.000	0.963

加气滴灌下氮肥有机替代对亏缺灌溉棉花产量和水分利用效率的影响

The Impacts of Nitrogen Fertilizer Organic Alternatives Under Aerated Drip Irrigation on Cotton Yield and Water Use Efficiency Under Deficit Irrigation Conditions

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