播/收期对冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟模式周年 气候资源分配与利用特征的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.09.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】优化冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟模式周年气候资源配置,探索两季最佳的资源搭配模式,进一步挖掘当前气候和生产条件下黄淮海地区周年产量潜力和资源利用效率。【方法】本研究通过10月上旬至12月上旬设置冬小麦不同播期和夏玉米不同收获期,建立了5种冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟模式周年气候资源分配方式,于2015—2017年在中国农业科学院河南新乡试验站进行田间试验,对其产量、光温水等气候资源分配及利用特征进行研究。【结果】随冬小麦播期及夏玉米收获期推迟,两作物生长季光温水资源分配比例分别由处理Ⅰ的46%﹕54%、60%﹕40%、42%﹕58%调整至处理V的34%﹕66%、49%﹕51%、34%﹕66%范围内,小麦季生长天数及其分配的光温水资源量逐渐减少,将更多的资源分配到玉米季,从而导致小麦产量降低,但由于处理V的ZM66小麦品种维持了较高的穗数和穗粒数,因此与处理Ⅰ比产量降低不显著。然而,处理V玉米季生理生长时间较处理Ⅰ延长约15 d,2016和2017年光温水资源分配量分别增加143.8和120.7 MJ·m^-2、290.5和281.6℃、12.4和25.7 mm,粒重分别增加13.1%和15.5%,周年产量两年分别提高7.9%和6.7%;籽粒脱水时间增加约45d,光温水资源分配量两年分别增加322.5和336.3 MJ·m^-2、509.6和497.8℃、56.7和14.1mm,籽粒含水量降至14.4%—17.3%,达到机械直接收获标准。同时,由于处理V小麦季光温水资源分配量显著降低,特别是减少底墒水和越冬水灌溉约150mm,2016和2017年其光能、温度和水分生产效率较处理Ⅰ分别提高12.5%和15.8%、10.9%和7.7%、39.6%和59.3%,玉米季虽然光能、温度生产效率有所降低,但水分生产效率显著提高,因此周年光能、温度和水分生产效率两年分别提高7.3%和9.1%、5.6%和5.1%、17.3%和29.3%。【结论】在不增加任何投入的前提下通过播/收期的调整（小麦12月上旬播种,玉米11月中旬收获）优化冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟模式周年气候资源配置,可进一步提升其周年产量和光温水资源利用效率,对于促进黄淮海冬小麦-夏玉米种植模式可持续发展具有重要意义。

关键词: 冬小麦-夏玉米种植模式, 播/收期, 资源分配, 产量, 资源利用效率

Abstract:

【Objective】 The study was carried out to optimize the inter-season climatic resource distribution of traditional winter wheat-summer maize cropping system and explore the optimal two-season climatic resource distribution model, so as to further increase the annual yield potential and resource utilization efficiency of Huang-Huai-Hai region. 【Method】 In this study, five sowing dates of winter wheat and corresponding harvest dates of summer maize were set from early October to early December, and the field experiment was conducted at Xinxiang county from 2015 to 2017. Based on the field experiments, The annual yield, climate resources distribution and resources use efficiency were studied. 【Result】 With the sowing/harvest dates delayed, days of wheat growth period and amount of radiation, temperature, and precipitation resources gradually reduced, more growth time and resources were transferred to maize season, and the resources distribution rate between two seasons changed from treatmentⅠ (46%:54%, 60%:40%, 42%:58%) to treatment V (34%:66%, 49%:51%, 34%:66%), which resulted in decrease of wheat grain yield. However, due to greater number of ears and grains of ZM66, no significant difference was found in wheat yield between treatmentⅠ and treatment V. Maize grain weight increased by 13.1% and 15.5% due to 15 d, 143.8 and 120.7 MJ·m ^-2, 290.5 and 281.6℃, 12.4 and 25.7 mm increasing in 2016 and 2017, respectively, in maize growth duration, radiation, accumulated temperature, and precipitation, eventually the annual grain yield of treatment V increased by 7.9% and 6.7% compared than that of treatmentⅠ, respectively. In addition, the grain water content decreased to 14.4%-17.3% due to 15 d, 322.5 and 336.3 MJ·m ^-2, 509.6 and 497.8℃, 56.7 and 14.1 mm increasing in maize growth duration, radiation, accumulated temperature, and precipitation in 2016 and 2017, respectively. At the same time, because of radiation and temperature resources in wheat season of treatment V decreased significantly, especially the irrigation water reduced 150 mm, the radiation, temperature and water production efficiency of wheat for treatment V increased by 12.5% and 15.8%, 10.9% and 7.7%, 39.6% and 59.3% in 2016 and 2017, respectively, compared than treatmentⅠ. During maize growth season, radiation and temperature production efficiency under treatment V decreased, but water production efficiency increased significantly than that under treatmentⅠ, so the annual radiation, temperature and water production efficiency of treatment V increased by 7.3% and 9.1%, 5.6% and 5.1%, 17.3% and 29.3% in 2016 and 2017, respectively, compared than treatmentⅠ, respectively. 【Conclusion】 It is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system in the Huang-Huai-Hai plain by changing sowing and harvest dates (Wheat was sown in early December and maize was harvested in mid-November) to optimize the distribution of resources between two seasons for winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system without any input.

Key words: winter wheat-summer maize cropping system, sowing/harvest date, resource distribution, grain yield, resources use efficiency

周宝元, 马玮, 孙雪芳, 高卓晗, 丁在松, 李从锋, 赵明. 播/收期对冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟模式周年气候资源分配与利用特征的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(9): 1501-1517.

ZHOU BaoYuan, MA Wei, SUN XueFang, GAO ZhuoHan, DING ZaiSong, LI CongFeng, ZHAO Ming. Effects of Different Sowing and Harvest Dates of Winter Wheat- Summer Maize Under Double Cropping System on the Annual Climate Resource Distribution and Utilization[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(9): 1501-1517.

图/表 11

表1

图1

表2

表3

表4

表5

表6

表7

图2

表8

表9

参考文献 42

[1]	中华人民共和国农业部. 中国农业统计资料. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2015.
	Ministry of Agriculture of the Peoples’ Republic of China. China Agriculture Statistical Report . Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2015. ( in Chinese)
[2]	WANG H X, LIU C M, ZHANG L . Water-saving agriculture in China: An overview. Advances in Agronomy, 2002,75:135-171. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2113(02)75004-9
[3]	费宇红, 张兆吉, 张凤娥, 王昭, 陈宗宇, 陈京生, 钱永, 李亚松 . 气候变化和人类活动对华北平原水资源影响分析. 地球学报, 2007,28(6):567-571. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1006-3021.2007.06.009
	FEI Y H, ZHANG Z J, ZHANG F E, WANG Z, CHEN Z Y, CHEN J S, QIAN Y, LI Y S . An analysis of the influence of human activity and climate change on water resources of the North China Plain. Acta Geoscientica Sinica, 2007,28(6):567-571. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1006-3021.2007.06.009
[4]	陈阜, 逄焕成 . 冬小麦/春玉米/夏玉米间套作复合群体的高产机理探讨. 中国农业大学学报, 2000,5(5):12-16. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1007-4333.2000.05.003
	CHEN F, PANG H C . Research on mechanism for maximum yield of intercropping pattern wheat/corn/corn. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2000,5(5):12-16. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1007-4333.2000.05.003
[5]	赵秉强, 张福锁, 李增嘉, 李风超, 劳秀荣, 史春余, 董庆裕, 张骏, 刘嘉军, 杨恩学 . 黄淮海农区集约种植制度的超高产特性研究. 中国农业科学, 2001,34(6):649-655. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0578-1752.2001.06.013
	ZHAO B Q, ZHANG F S, LI Z J, LI F C, LAO X R, SHI C Y, DONG Q Y, ZHANG J, LIU J J, YANG E X . Studies on the super-high yield characteristics of three intensive multiple cropping systems in Huanghuaihai area. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2001,34(6):649-655. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0578-1752.2001.06.013
[6]	李立娟, 王美云, 薛庆林, 崔彦宏, 侯海鹏, 葛均筑, 赵明 . 黄淮海双季玉米产量性能与资源效率的研究. 作物学报, 2011,37(7):1229-1234. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.01229
	LI L J, WANG M Y, XUE Q L, CUI Y H, HOU H P, GE J Z, ZHAO M . Yield performance and resource efficiency of double-cropping maize in the Yellow, Huai and Hai river valleys region. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2011,37(7):1229-1234. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.01229
[7]	MENG Q F, SUN Q P, CHEN X P, CUI Z L, YUE S C, ZHANG F S, VOLKER R . Alternative cropping systems for sustainable water and nitrogen use in the North China Plain. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2012,146(1):93-102. doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2011.10.015
[8]	周宝元, 王志敏, 岳阳, 马玮, 赵明 . 冬小麦-夏玉米与双季玉米种植模式产量及光温资源利用特征比较. 作物学报, 2015,41(9):1373-1385. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01393
	ZHOU B Y, WANG Z M, YUE Y, MA W, ZHAO M . Comparison of yield and light-temperature resource use efficiency between wheat-maize and maize-maize cropping systems. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2015,41(9):1373-1385. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01393
[9]	王树安 . 吨良田技术—小麦-夏玉米两茬平播亩产吨粮的理论与技术体系研究. 北京: 农业出版社, 1991.
	WANG S A. Technology for Grain Production with a Yield of 15 Tons per Hectare. Theory and Technology with a High Yield Output of 15 Tons per Hectare in Winter Wheat and Summer Maize Double- Cropping System. Beijing: Agriculture Press, 1991. (in Chinese)
[10]	王树安 . 中国吨粮田建设. 北京: 北京农业大学出版社, 1994.
	WANG S A. Construction of the Grain Field with a Yield of 15 Tons per Hectare in China . Beijing: Beijing Agricultural University Press, 1994. (in Chinese)
[11]	SUN H Y, ZHANG X Y, CHEN S Y, PEI D, LIU C M . Effects of harvest and sowing time on the performance of the rotation of winter wheat-summer maize in the North China Plain. Industrial Crops and Products, 2007,25(3):239-247. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2006.12.003
[12]	付雪丽, 张惠, 贾继增, 杜立丰, 付金东, 赵明 . 冬小麦-夏玉米“双晚”种植模式的产量形成及资源效率研究. 作物学报, 2009,35(9):1708-1714. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.01708
	FU X L, ZHANG H, JIA J Z, DU L F, FU J D, ZHAO M . Yield performance and resources use efficiency of winter wheat and summer maize in double late-cropping system. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2009,35(9):1708-1714. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2009.01708
[13]	王志敏, 王璞, 兰林旺, 周殿玺 . 黄淮海地区优质小麦节水高产栽培研究. 中国农学通报, 2003,19(4):22-43 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6850.2003.04.007
	WANG Z M, WANG P, LAN L W, ZHOU D X . A water-saving and high-yielding cultivation system for bread wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai area of China. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2003,19(4):22-43. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6850.2003.04.007
[14]	ZHANG X Y, PEI D, HU C S . Conserving groundwater for irrigation in the North China Plain. Irrigation Science, 2003, 21,11(4) 159-166. doi: 10.1007/s00271-002-0059-x
[15]	SUN H Y, SHEN Y J, YU Q, FLERCHINGER G N, ZHANG Y Q, LIU C M, ZHANG X Y . Effect of precipitation change on water balance and WUE of the winter wheat-summer maize rotation in the North China Plain. Agricultural Water Management, 2010,97(8):1139-1145. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2009.06.004
[16]	FOSTER S, GARDUNO H, EVANS R, OLSON D, TIAN Y, ZHANG W Z, HAN Z S . Quaternary aquifer of the North China Plain- assessing and achieving groundwater resource sustainability. Hydrogeology Journal, 2004,12(9):81-93. doi: 10.1007/s10040-003-0300-6
[17]	HU C S, DELGADO J A, ZHANG X Y, MA L . Assessment of groundwater use by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Luancheng Xian region and potential implications for water conservation in the northwestern North China Plain. Journal Soil Water Conservation, 2005,60(2):80-88.
[18]	张光辉, 费宇红, 刘克岩, 王金哲 . 华北平原农田区地下水开采量对降水变化响应. 水科学进展, 2006,17(1):43-48. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-6791.2006.01.007
	ZHANG G H, FEI Y H, LIU K Y, WANG J Z . Regional groundwater pumpage for agriculture responding to precipitation in North China Plain. Advances in Water Science, 2006,17(1):43-48. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-6791.2006.01.007
[19]	柴宗文, 王克如, 郭银巧, 谢瑞芝, 李璐璐, 明博, 侯鹏, 刘朝巍, 初振东, 张万旭, 张国强, 刘广周, 李少昆 . 玉米机械粒收质量现状及其与含水率的关系. 中国农业科学, 2017,50(11):2036-2043. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.11.009
	CHAI Z W, WANG K R, GUO Y Q, XIE R Z, LI L L, MING B, HOU P, LIU C W, CHU Z D, ZHANG W X, ZHANG G Q, LIU G Z, LI S K . Current status of maize mechanical grain harvesting and its relationship with grain moisture content. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017,50(11):2036-2043. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.11.009
[20]	李璐璐, 王克如, 谢瑞芝, 明博, 赵磊, 李姗姗, 侯鹏, 李少昆 . 玉米生理成熟后田间脱水期间的籽粒重量与含水率变化. 中国农业科学, 2017,50(11):2052-2060. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.11.011
	LI L L, WANG K R, XIE R Z, MING B, ZHAO L, LI S S, HOU P, LI S K . Corn kernel weight and moisture content after physiological maturity in field. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017,50(11):2052-2060. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.11.011
[21]	WANG J, WANG E L, YANG X G, ZHANG F S, YIN H . Increased yield potential of wheat-maize cropping system in the North China Plain by climate change adaptation. Climatic Change, 2012,113(3/4):825-840. doi: 10.1007/s10584-011-0385-1
[22]	刘志娟, 杨晓光, 王文峰 . 气候变化背景下中国农业气候资源变化Ⅳ. 黄淮海平原半湿润暖温麦-玉两熟灌溉农区农业气候资源时空变化特征. 应用生态学报, 2011,22(4):905-912.
	LIU Z J, YANG X G, WANG W F . Changes of China agricultural climate resources under the background of climate change. Ⅳ.Spatiotemporal change characteristics of agricultural climate resources in sub-humid warm-temperate irrigated wheat-maize agricultural area of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(4):905-912. (in Chinese)
[23]	BORRAS L, GAMBIN B L . Trait dissection of maize kernel weight: Towards integrating hierarchical scales using a plant growth approach. Field Crops Research, 2010,118(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2010.04.010
[24]	CAIRNS J E, SONDER K, ZAIDI P H, VERHULST N, MAHUKU G, BABU R, NAIR S K, DAS B, GOVAERTS B, VINAYAN M T, RASHID Z, NOOR J J, DEVI P, SAN VICENTE F M, PRASANNA B M . Maize production in a changing climate: Impacts, adaptation, and mitigation strategies//SPARKS D. Advances in Agronomy. Burlington: Academic Press, 2012,114:1-58.
[25]	杨羡敏, 曾燕, 邱新法, 姜爱军 . 1960—2000 年黄河流域太阳总辐射气候变化规律研究. 应用气象学报, 2005,16(2):243-248. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20050213
	YANG X M, ZENG Y, QIU X F, JIANG A J . The climatic change of global solar radiation over the Yellow River basin during 1960-2000. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science, 2005,16(2):243-248. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20050213
[26]	郑海霞, 封志明, 游松财 . 基于GIS的甘肃省农业生产潜力研究. 地理科学进展, 2003,22(4):400-408. doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2003.04.008
	ZHENG H X, FENG Z M, YOU S C . A study on potential land productivity based on GIS technology in Gansu province. Progress in Geography, 2003,22(4):400-408. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2003.04.008
[27]	BERGAMASCHI H, WHEELER T R, CHALLINOR A J, COMIRAN F, HECKLER B M M . Maize yield and rainfall on different spatial and temporal scales in Southern Brazil. Pesquisa Agricultural Brasil, 2007,42:603-613. doi: 10.1590/S0100-204X2007000500001
[28]	RATTALINO EDREIRA J I, BUDAKLI CARPICI E, SAMMARRO D, OTEGUI M E . Heat stress effects around flowering on kernel set of temperate and tropical maize hybrids. Field Crops Research, 2011,123(2):62-73. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2011.04.015
[29]	ZHOU B Y, YUE Y, SUN X F, WANG X B, WANG Z M, MA W, ZHAO M . Maize grain yield and dry matter production responses to variations in weather conditions. Agronomy Journal, 2016,108(1):196-204. doi: 10.2134/agronj2015.0196
[30]	LIU Y, WANG E L, YANG X G, WANG J . Contributions of climatic and crop varietal changes to crop production in the North China Plain, since 1980s. Global Change Biology, 2010,16(8):2287-2299. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02077.x
[31]	高海涛, 王育红, 孟战赢, 席玲玲, 段国辉, 温红霞 . 小麦-玉米双晚种植对周年产量和资源利用的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2012,32(6):1102-1106. doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2012.06.016
	GAO H T, WANG Y H, MENG Z Y, XI L L, DUAN G H, WEN H X . Effects of later sowing of winter wheat and later harvest of summer maize cropping system on yield and resources use efficiency of whole-year. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2012,32(6):1102-1106. (in Chinese) doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2012.06.016
[32]	裴雪霞, 王娇爱, 党建友, 张定一 . 播期对优质小麦籽粒灌浆特性及旗叶光合特性的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2008,16(1):121-128.
	PEI X X, WANG J A, DANG J Y, ZHANG D Y . Characteristics of grain filling and flag leaf photosynthesis of high quality wheat under different planting dates. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2008,16(1):121-128. (in Chinese)
[33]	张甲元, 周苏玫, 尹钧, 刘万代, 李巧云, 石珊珊, 年力 . 适期晚播对弱春性小麦籽粒灌浆期光合性能的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2011,31(3) : 535-539. doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2011.03.027
	ZHANG J Y, ZHOU S M, YIN J, LIU W D, LI Q Y, SHI S S, NIAN L . Effect of suitable late sowing on photosynthetic performance of weak spring wheat during grain filling stage. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2011,31(3):535-539. (in Chinese) doi: 10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2011.03.027
[34]	WANG B, ZHANG Y H, HAO B Z, XU X X, ZHAO Z G, WANG Z M, XU Q W . Grain yield and water use efficiency in extremely-late sown winter wheat cultivars under two irrigation regimes in the North China Plain. PLoS ONE, 2016,11(4):e0153695. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153695 pmid: 27100187
[35]	RACZ F, KASA S, HADI G . Daily changes in the water content of early and late maturing grain maize varieties in the later stages of over-ripening. Cereal Research Communications, 2008,36(4):583-589. doi: 10.1556/CRC.36.2008.4.7
[36]	DUTTA P K . Effects of grain moisture, drying methods, and variety on breakage susceptibility of shelled corns as measured by the Wisconsin Breakage Tester[D]. Ames: Iowa State University, 1986.
[37]	JOHNSON D Q, RUSSELL W A . Genetic variability and relationships of physical grain-quality traits in the BSSS population of maize. Crop Science, 1982,22(4):805-809. doi: 10.2135/cropsci1982.0011183X002200040025x
[38]	BAUER P J, CARTER P R . Effect of seeding date plant density, moisture availability and soil nitrogen fertility on maize kernel breakage susceptibility. Crop Science, 1986,26(6):1220-1226. doi: 10.2135/cropsci1986.0011183X002600060030x
[39]	LACKEY R. Corn energy value-a comparison of harvesting corn as shelled dried corn, high moisture corn, high moisture cob corn (cob meal) and corn silage. Ministry of Agriculture Food & Rural Affairs, 2008[2017-02-09]. .
[40]	王怡 . 黄淮海麦区小麦倒春寒冻害及其防御措施. 农业科技通讯, 2014(1):139-140, 211. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6400.2014.01.049
	WANG Y . Winter injury on wheat in Huang-huai-hai wheat zone and its prevention measures. Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2014(1):139-140, 211. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6400.2014.01.049
[41]	LI X N, CAI J, LIU F L, DAI T B, CAO W X, JIANG D . Physiological, proteomic and transcriptional responses of wheat to combination of drought or waterlogging with late spring low temperature. Functional Plant Biology, 2014,41:690-703. doi: 10.1071/FP13306
[42]	LIU Y E, XIE R Z, HOU P, LI S K, ZHANG H B, MING B, LONG H L, LIANG S M . Phenological responses of maize to changes in environment when grown at different latitudes in China. Field Crops Research, 2013,144:192-199. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.01.003

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	小麦季Wheat					玉米季Maize
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	品种 Variety	播种期 Sowing date (M-D)	成熟期 Maturity date (M-D)	灌水量 Water use (mm)	种植密度 Planting density (×10⁴·hm^-2)	品种 Variety	播种期 Sowing date (M-D)	成熟期 Maturity date (M-D)	收获期 Harvest date (M-D)	灌水量 Water use (mm)	种植密度 Planting density (×10⁴·hm^-2)
2015-2016	Ⅰ	AK58	10-11	06-02	300	300	ZD958	06-11	—	09-25	150	6.75
2015-2016		ZM66	10-11	06-01	300	300	XY335	06-11	—	09-25	150	6.75
	Ⅱ	AK58	10-26	06-02	300	405	ZD958	06-11	10-10	10-10	150	6.75
		ZM66	10-26	06-01	300	405	XY335	06-11	10-08	10-08	150	6.75
	Ⅲ	AK58	11-10	06-04	300	510	ZD958	06-11	10-10	10-25	150	6.75
		ZM66	11-10	06-02	300	510	XY335	06-11	10-08	10-23	150	6.75
	Ⅳ	AK58	11-24	06-06	225	615	ZD958	06-11	10-10	11-09	150	6.75
		ZM66	11-24	06-04	225	615	XY335	06-11	10-08	11-07	150	6.75
	Ⅴ	AK58	12-8	06-07	150	720	ZD958	06-11	10-10	11-24	150	6.75
		ZM66	12-8	06-06	150	720	XY335	06-11	10-08	11-22	150	6.75
2016-2017	Ⅰ	AK58	10-13	06-05	300	300	ZD958	06-12	—	09-28	150	6.75
2016-2017		ZM66	10-13	06-04	300	300	XY335	06-12	—	09-28	150	6.75
	Ⅱ	AK58	10-28	06-05	300	405	ZD958	06-12	10-13	10-13	150	6.75
		ZM66	10-28	06-04	300	405	XY335	06-12	10-10	10-10	150	6.75
	Ⅲ	AK58	11-11	06-07	300	510	ZD958	06-12	10-13	10-28	150	6.75
		ZM66	11-11	06-05	300	510	XY335	06-12	10-10	10-25	150	6.75
	Ⅳ	AK58	11-25	06-09	225	615	ZD958	06-12	10-13	11-12	150	6.75
		ZM66	11-25	06-07	300	615	XY335	06-12	10-10	11-09	150	6.75
	Ⅴ	AK58	12-10	06-09	150	720	ZD958	06-12	10-13	11-27	150	6.75
		ZM66	12-10	06-08	300	720	XY335	06-12	10-10	11-24	150	6.75

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	小麦季Wheat		玉米季Maize		周年Annual
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	积温 Accumulated temperature (℃)	分配率 Distribution rate (%)	积温 Accumulated temperature (℃)	分配率 Distribution rate (%)	积温 Accumulated temperature (℃)	两季比 Rate between two seasons
2015-2016	Ⅰ	2457.8a	46a	2894.1d	54d	5351.9a	0.8a
	Ⅱ	2281.5b	42b	3184.6c	58c	5466.1a	0.7b
	Ⅲ	2071.3c	38c	3381.2bc	62b	5452.5a	0.6c
	Ⅳ	1960.8d	36d	3517.4b	64ab	5478.2a	0.6c
	Ⅴ	1877.7e	34e	3694.2a	66a	5571.9a	0.5d
2016-2017	Ⅰ	2392.8a	46a	2862.5d	54d	5255.2b	0.8a
	Ⅱ	2254.0b	42b	3144.1c	58c	5397.9ab	0.7b
	Ⅲ	2009.6c	38c	3361.5b	62b	5371.1ab	0.6c
	Ⅳ	1916.2d	36d	3475.7b	64ab	5391.9ab	0.6c
	Ⅴ	1853.5e	34e	3641.9a	66a	5495.4a	0.5d
年份Year (Y)		0.016	0.696	0.005	0.489	0.002	0.488
处理Treatment (T)		0.001	0.007	0.001	0.002	0. 101	0.001
Y×T		0.575	0.549	0.132	0.521	0.320	0.642

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	小麦 Wheat		玉米Maize		周年Annual
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	辐射 Radiation (MJ·m^-2)	分配率 Distribution rate (%)	辐射 Radiation (MJ·m^-2)	分配率 Distribution rate (%)	辐射 Radiation (MJ·m^-2)	两季比 Rate between two seasons
2015-2016	Ⅰ	2528.5a	59a	1727.1d	41c	4285.6a	1.5a
	Ⅱ	2459.6a	57a	1870.9c	43c	4330.5a	1.3b
	Ⅲ	2258.3b	53b	1978.0b	47b	4236.3a	1.1c
	Ⅳ	2192.9bc	52b	2056.5b	48b	4249.3a	1.1c
	Ⅴ	2105.7c	49c	2193.4a	51a	4299.1a	1.0d
2016-2017	Ⅰ	2423.3a	60a	1628.3e	40c	4051.7a	1.5a
	Ⅱ	2326.8a	57b	1749.0d	43c	4075.8a	1.3b
	Ⅲ	2208.2b	54c	1854.6c	46b	4062.8a	1.2c
	Ⅳ	2088.6c	52c	1955.2b	48b	4043.7a	1.1d
	Ⅴ	2012.0c	49d	2085.3a	51a	4097.3a	1.0e
年份Year (Y)		0.006	0.286	0.009	0.589	0.002	0.590
处理Treatment (T)		0.001	0.007	0.003	0.002	0.192	0.001
Y×T		0.575	0.771	0.925	0.977	0.676	0.874

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	小麦 Wheat		玉米Maize		周年Annual
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	降水 Precipitation (mm)	分配率 Distribution rate (%)	降水 Precipitation (mm)	分配率 Distribution rate (%)	降水 Precipitation (mm)	两季比 Rate between two seasons
2015-2016	Ⅰ	179.8a	41b	263.3d	59c	443.1b	0.7a
	Ⅱ	168.9b	37b	285.7c	63b	454.6b	0.6b
	Ⅲ	181.6a	36a	320.3b	64ab	501.9a	0.6b
	Ⅳ	174.5ab	35c	330.9ab	65ab	505.4a	0.5c
	Ⅴ	175.2ab	34c	342.4a	66a	517.6a	0.5c
2016-2017	Ⅰ	192.4a	43a	253.1c	57c	445.5a	0.8a
	Ⅱ	168.2b	38b	278.8b	62b	447.2a	0.6b
	Ⅲ	157.9c	35c	288.7a	65ab	446.6a	0.5c
	Ⅳ	156.1c	35c	289.9a	65ab	446.3a	0.5c
	Ⅴ	149.6c	34c	292.9a	66a	442.5a	0.5c
年份Year (Y)		0.001	0.04	0.001	0.286	0.002	0.682
处理Treatment (T)		0.006	0.001	0.001	0.001	0. 001	0.013
Y×T		0.001	0.002	0.046	0.006	0.001	0.043

年份 Year	播期 Sowing date	品种 Variety	产量 Grain yield (kg·hm^-2)	穗数 Spikes number (×10⁴/hm²)	穗粒数 Kernel number per spike	千粒重 Thousand kernel weight (g)
2015-2016	Ⅰ	AK58	8212.9a	634.5a	32.3ab	42.3a
		ZM66	8011.5ab	637.5a	33.5a	41.2ab
	Ⅱ	AK58	8141.4ab	645.1a	31.6bc	40.7abc
		ZM66	7830.1bc	625.5ab	32.7ab	39.4cdef
	Ⅲ	AK58	7099.7d	598.5bc	30.8c	39.5bcdef
		ZM66	6902.5d	601.5bc	31.2bcd	38.5def
	Ⅳ	AK58	6528.5e	580.5c	30.1d	38.1ef
		ZM66	6346.4e	598.5bc	30.6cd	37.8f
	Ⅴ	AK58	7487.4c	634.2a	30.8cd	39.6bcde
		ZM66	7859.7b	627.3ab	32.4ab	39.8bcd
2016-2017	Ⅰ	AK58	9401.9a	663.2a	32.7bc	44.6a
		ZM66	9278.7a	657.3a	34.5a	43.3abc
	Ⅱ	AK58	9225.6a	652.5a	32.2bcd	43.8ab
		ZM66	9120.1a	655.4a	33.7ab	43.1abc
	Ⅲ	AK58	7775.9c	616.5b	31.2cde	41.7cde
		ZM66	7925.1c	619.2b	32.4bcd	41.2de
	Ⅳ	AK58	7377.6d	601.5b	30.6e	40.4e
		ZM66	7631.9cd	612.6b	31.3cde	40.1e
	Ⅴ	AK58	8630.9b	657.2a	31.1de	41.6cde
		ZM66	9139.2a	654.1a	33.9ab	42.5bcd