生物炭不同添加量对旱作覆膜农田土壤团聚体特性及有机碳含量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.09.010

中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (9): 1729-1743.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.09.010

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

生物炭不同添加量对旱作覆膜农田土壤团聚体特性及有机碳含量的影响

庞津雯¹^,²(), 王钰皓¹^,², 陶宏扬¹, 卫婷¹^,², 高飞³, 刘恩科⁴, 贾志宽¹^,², 张鹏¹^,²()

¹ 西北农林科技大学农学院，陕西杨凌 712100
² 农业农村部西北黄土高原作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100
³ 甘肃省耕地质量建设保护总站，兰州 730020
⁴ 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所，北京 100081

收稿日期:2022-04-12 接受日期:2022-06-10 出版日期:2023-05-01 发布日期:2023-05-10
通信作者: 张鹏，E-mail：pengzhang121@nwafu.edu.cn
联系方式: 庞津雯，E-mail：jinwen7143@nwafu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFE0101302); 国家自然科学基金(31801314); 国家自然科学基金(31901475); 中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目(2019T120951)

Effects of Different Biochar Application Rates on Soil Aggregate Characteristics and Organic Carbon Contents for Film-Mulching Field in Semiarid Areas

PANG JinWen¹^,²(), WANG YuHao¹^,², TAO HongYang¹, WEI Ting¹^,², GAO Fei³, LIU EnKe⁴, JIA ZhiKuan¹^,², ZHANG Peng¹^,²()

¹ College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
² Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Farming in Northwest Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
³ Gansu Cultivated Land Quality Construction and Protection Station, Lanzhou 730020
⁴ Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081

Received:2022-04-12 Accepted:2022-06-10 Published:2023-05-01 Online:2023-05-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究西北旱作区长期地膜覆盖农田添加不同量生物炭对土壤团聚体稳定性和有机碳含量的影响，为旱作覆膜农田地力提升、作物的可持续生产提供科学依据。【方法】在连续多年双垄沟覆膜农田基础上，采用裂区设计，主区为全膜双垄沟覆盖种植和传统平作不覆膜种植2个处理，副区为生物炭添加水平，分别为不添加（N）、低量添加（L）：3 t·hm^-2、中量添加（M）：6 t·hm^-2和高量添加（H）：9 t·hm^-2。测定生物炭不同添加量对覆膜农田不同粒级土壤团聚体含量、团聚体稳定性、团聚体有机碳含量及玉米产量的影响。【结果】生物炭连续添加两年后，各覆膜处理能显著提高0—60 cm土层土壤大粒级（>0.25 mm）团聚体的机械稳定性（6.1%—8.7%）及水稳性团聚体的百分含量（15.9%—83.6%），玉米产量可显著（P<0.05）提高35.0%—41.8%。在覆膜条件下，添加生物炭能显著提高土壤大粒级团聚体百分含量及其稳定性，干筛>0.25 mm 粒级团聚体含量（MR_0.25）和湿筛>0.25 mm 粒级团聚体含量（WR_0.25）分别平均提高6.8%和29.6%，且随生物炭添加量的增加增幅逐渐增大。此外，生物炭添加提高了覆膜农田土壤有机碳及团聚体有机碳含量，其中以高量添加（9 t·hm^-2）效果最好，分别提高13.9%和25.9%。玉米产量与生物炭添加量显著相关（λ=0.42，P<0.001），且在覆膜条件下产量最大（12.8 t·hm^-2）。【结论】生物炭添加可提高覆膜农田土壤团聚体含量及稳定性，增加玉米产量，还可以显著增加土壤有机碳含量，促进有机碳固存，且添加量为9 t·hm^-2时效果较好。

关键词: 地膜覆盖, 生物炭, 团聚体特性, 土壤有机碳, 旱作农田

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term plastic film mulching farmland combined with different biochar input rates on soil aggregate stability and organic carbon in northwest China, in order to provide a scientific basis for improving the soil fertility and maintaining the sustainability of crop production for film-mulching field in semiarid regions. 【Method】Based on continuous years of double ridge furrow film mulching (D), the full film double ridge furrow mulching planting and traditional flat without film mulching planting were set as the main treatment, and four biochar input rates (no returning (N), 3 t·hm^-2(L), 6 t·hm^-2(M), and 9 t·hm^-2(H) ) were set as the secondary treatment respectively to investigate the effects of different biochar input rates on soil aggregate distribution, aggregate stability, aggregate organic carbon and maize yield.【Result】The film mulching could significantly (P<0.05) increase the soil mechanical stable (6.1%-8.7%) and water-stable macro-aggregate contents (15.9%-83.6%) and maize yield (35.0%-41.8%). Under the film mulching planting, biochar inputs treatments could significantly (P<0.05) increase mechanical macro-aggregate and water macro-aggregate by 6.8% and 29.6% on average, respectively, and the effects gradually increased with the increase of biochar inputs rate. In addition, biochar inputs could also increase the soil organic carbon and aggregate organic carbon content in film mulching farmland, and the effects under DH (9 t·hm^-2) were better than other treatments, with an average increased by 13.9% and 25.9%, respectively. Maize yield was significantly correlated with biochar addition rates ( λ=0.42, P<0.001 ), and DH had the highest yield with 12.8 t·hm^-2. 【Conclusion】Biochar input could significantly improve soil aggregrate characteristics and organic carbon content in plastic film mulching farmland, thus increase the maize yield and promote soil carbon sequestration, especially with 9 t·hm^-2.

Key words: film mulching, biochar, soil aggregate characteristic, soil organic carbon, dryland

庞津雯, 王钰皓, 陶宏扬, 卫婷, 高飞, 刘恩科, 贾志宽, 张鹏. 生物炭不同添加量对旱作覆膜农田土壤团聚体特性及有机碳含量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(9): 1729-1743.

PANG JinWen, WANG YuHao, TAO HongYang, WEI Ting, GAO Fei, LIU EnKe, JIA ZhiKuan, ZHANG Peng. Effects of Different Biochar Application Rates on Soil Aggregate Characteristics and Organic Carbon Contents for Film-Mulching Field in Semiarid Areas[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(9): 1729-1743.

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图/表 11

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表2

生物炭不同添加量下土壤团聚体稳定性变化"

土层 Soil depth (cm)	处理 Treatment	干筛团聚体 Dry sieve aggregate		湿筛团聚体 Wet sieve aggregate (mm)		破坏率 PAD_0.25 (%)
土层 Soil depth (cm)	处理 Treatment	MMWD (mm)	MR_0.25(%)	WMWD (mm)	WR_0.25 (%)	破坏率 PAD_0.25 (%)
0—10	DH	2.75±0.23a	87.48±0.29a	0.39±0.06a	13.43±0.84a	84.65±1.01e
	DM	2.64±0.16ab	84.08±0.57b	0.36±0.02ab	11.27±0.64b	86.60±0.84d
	DL	2.56±0.24ab	81.51±0.33c	0.34±0.03ab	8.70±0.49c	89.33±0.61c
	DN	2.46±0.15ab	79.23±0.64d	0.33±0.03ab	7.84±0.36c	90.10±0.49c
	FH	2.61±0.22ab	83.32±0.46b	0.35±0.01ab	8.28±0.30c	90.06±0.31c
	FM	2.52±0.17ab	81.03±0.75c	0.33±0.05ab	6.24±0.40d	92.30±0.45b
	FL	2.40±0.18ab	78.06±0.43e	0.32±0.04ab	5.31±0.46e	93.20±0.56ab
	FN	2.36±0.18b	77.16±0.10f	0.31±0.04b	4.96±0.59e	93.57±0.75a
10—20	DH	2.95±0.21a	87.80±0.42a	0.41±0.02a	14.92±0.20a	83.01±0.20e
	DM	2.84±0.22ab	84.75±0.49b	0.38±0.05ab	13.33±0.31b	84.27±0.29d
	DL	2.65±0.20ab	80.20±0.39d	0.36±0.03ab	11.34±0.42c	85.86±0.58c
	DN	2.49±0.18b	78.04±0.41f	0.35±0.06b	10.16±0.45d	86.98±0.64c
	FH	2.76±0.26ab	85.07±0.13b	0.36±0.01ab	8.90±0.41e	89.54±0.49b
	FM	2.67±0.14ab	82.15±0.40c	0.34±0.02b	7.40±0.84f	90.99±1.06a
	FL	2.57±0.29ab	79.43±0.21e	0.33±0.03b	6.34±0.76g	92.02±0.98a
	FN	2.45±0.19b	76.01±0.22g	0.32±0.04b	5.95±0.60g	92.17±0.77a
20—40	DH	3.59±0.12a	88.96±0.34a	0.44±0.05a	17.75±0.66a	80.05±0.81f
	DM	3.48±0.18ab	86.40±0.15c	0.41±0.03ab	16.02±0.85b	81.46±1.01e
	DL	3.44±0.20ab	84.84±0.37d	0.39±0.04ab	13.64±0.87c	83.92±0.95d
	DN	3.30±0.22ab	80.85±0.26f	0.37±0.03ab	12.77±0.27c	84.21±0.29cd
	FH	3.46±0.13ab	86.88±0.14b	0.40±0.03ab	12.88±0.40c	85.17±0.46c
	FM	3.36±0.20ab	84.00±0.13e	0.37±0.05ab	10.86±0.37d	87.07±0.44b
	FL	3.24±0.15b	80.68±0.29f	0.35±0.02b	8.91±0.31e	88.96±0.43a
	FN	3.18±0.11b	78.95±0.10g	0.35±0.05b	7.86±0.53f	90.04±0.64a
40—60	DH	2.99±0.14a	84.13±0.40a	0.50±0.03a	23.79±0.84a	71.72±1.05d
	DM	2.94±0.16ab	82.12±0.43b	0.46±0.03ab	21.98±0.88b	73.23±1.28d
	DL	2.81±0.21ab	79.30±0.89c	0.42±0.03bc	17.96±0.42c	77.35±0.79c
	DN	2.76±0.23ab	77.48±0.58d	0.42±0.04bc	17.32±0.43c	77.65±0.80c
	FH	2.85±0.20ab	81.96±0.71b	0.45±0.02ab	17.64±0.92c	78.48±1.38c
	FM	2.75±0.15ab	78.88±0.71c	0.42±0.04bc	14.87±0.75d	81.15±1.07b
	FL	2.66±0.22ab	76.24±0.51e	0.39±0.03c	12.05±0.37e	84.19±0.85a
	FN	2.61±0.14b	75.02±0.29f	0.38±0.03c	10.84±0.25f	85.55±0.80a
0—60	DH	3.07±0.14a	87.09±0.34a	0.44±0.01a	17.47±0.25a	79.94±0.34f
	DM	2.98±0.16ab	84.34±0.33b	0.40±0.02b	15.65±0.42b	81.44±0.55e
	DL	2.87±0.20abc	81.46±0.24c	0.38±0.01bcd	12.91±0.39c	84.15±0.51d
	DN	2.75±0.14bc	78.90±0.31d	0.37±0.03cde	12.02±0.20d	84.76±0.24d
	FH	2.92±0.15abc	84.31±0.19b	0.39±0.01bc	11.93±0.26d	85.86±0.32c
	FM	2.83±0.10abc	81.52±0.35c	0.37±0.01cde	9.84±0.41e	87.93±0.52b
	FL	2.72±0.13bc	78.60±0.29d	0.35±0.02de	8.15±0.46f	89.63±0.57a
	FN	2.65±0.09c	76.79±0.14e	0.34±0.03e	7.40±0.48g	90.36±0.61a
ANOVA		P-value	P-value	P-value	P-value	P-value
P		0.03*	0.0001***	0.0001***	0.0001***	0.0001***
C		0.0149*	0.0001***	0.0001***	0.0001***	0.0025**
P×C		0.9886	0.1037	0.8049	0.0331*	0.9362

表2

图5

表3

图6

图7

图8

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土层 Soil layer (cm)	有机碳 Organic carbon (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Available nitrogen (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassium (mg·kg^-1)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	孔隙度 Porosity (%)	田间持水量 Field capacity (%)	酸碱度 pH
0-20	8.7	63.6	12.6	161.2	1.2	1.3	49.8	37.4	8.4
20-40	8.0	44.9	7.9	117.2	0.9	1.3	49.4	36.4	8.5
40-60	7.6	46.8	6.0	102.7	1.1	1.4	46.8	38.4	8.6

处理 Treatment	土层 Soil layer (cm)
处理 Treatment	0—10	10—20	20—40	40—60	0—60
DH	9.32±0.37ab	9.44±0.48ab	8.63±0.37ab	7.65±0.11a	8.76±0.07b
DM	8.98±0.22b	9.10±0.49bc	8.37±0.31bcd	7.55±0.19a	8.50±0.11c
DL	8.20±0.28c	8.35±0.42cd	7.90±0.28d	7.43±0.23a	7.97±0.10d
DN	7.93±0.12c	8.04±0.54d	7.43±0.20e	7.31±0.20a	7.68±0.12e
FH	9.78±0.13a	9.98±0.42a	9.07±0.33a	7.75±0.23a	9.15±0.12a
FM	9.27±0.22b	9.47±0.34ab	8.48±0.25bc	7.63±0.39a	8.71±0.10b
FL	8.40±0.28c	8.56±0.36cd	8.05±0.18cd	7.65±0.40a	8.16±0.16d
FN	8.08±0.41c	8.25±0.32d	7.99±0.15cd	7.54±0.41a	7.96±0.17d
ANOVA	F-value		P-value
P	29.587		0.0001***
C	106.518		0.0001***
P×C	0.738		0.5448

生物炭不同添加量对旱作覆膜农田土壤团聚体特性及有机碳含量的影响

Effects of Different Biochar Application Rates on Soil Aggregate Characteristics and Organic Carbon Contents for Film-Mulching Field in Semiarid Areas

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