中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (15): 2895-2906.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.15.005

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国马铃薯地膜覆盖增产效应及其影响因素的Meta分析

徐菊祯1,2(), 张梦璐1,2(), 何文清1,3, 隋鹏2, 陈源泉2, 崔吉晓1,3()   

  1. 1 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业农村部农膜污染防控重点实验室,北京 100081
    2 中国农业大学农学院,北京 100193
    3 中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆昌吉 831100
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-13 接受日期:2023-05-09 出版日期:2023-08-01 发布日期:2023-08-05
  • 通信作者:
    崔吉晓,E-mail:
  • 联系方式: 徐菊祯,E-mail:xujuzhen0068@163.com。张梦璐,E-mail:zhml1997@163.com。徐菊祯和张梦璐为同等贡献作者。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1700700)

Yield-Increasing Effects Under Plastic Film Mulching of Potato in China Based on Meta-Analysis

XU JuZhen1,2(), ZHANG MengLu1,2(), HE WenQing1,3, SUI Peng2, CHEN YuanQuan2, CUI JiXiao1,3()   

  1. 1 Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Film Pollution Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081
    2 College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agriculture University, Beijing 100193
    3 Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, Xinjiang
  • Received:2022-11-13 Accepted:2023-05-09 Published:2023-08-01 Online:2023-08-05

摘要:

【目的】 地膜覆盖具有增温、保墒和抑制杂草等多方面作用,是一种缓解马铃薯生产限制的高效且简便的技术措施。基于全国数据,量化地膜对马铃薯的产量和水分利用效率的影响,进一步分析其中的影响因素,为马铃薯可持续生产提供参考。【方法】 基于1981—2021年在Web of Science和知网公开发表的291篇关于中国马铃薯地膜覆盖的大田试验文献数据,包括北方一作区、西南混作区、南方冬作区、中原二作区共4个区域,利用Meta分析方法量化地膜对马铃薯的产量与水分利用效率的影响,并从不同区域、不同自然条件(年均降水、土壤容重、土壤有机质含量)、不同栽培管理措施(钾肥施用量、种植密度、地膜颜色、栽培方式)角度出发,研究地膜覆盖对马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响。【结果】 与不覆盖相比,地膜覆盖使马铃薯产量和水分利用效率分别提高24.9%和28.3%;不同区域地膜增产与提升水分利用效率的效果不同,依次为:北方一作区(27.2%)、西南混作区(18.1%)、南方冬作区(23.6%)、中原二作区(10.1%)。而水分利用效率只在北方一作区表现明显,提高29.1%。在不同区域,地膜提高产量与水分利用效率受自然条件与栽培管理措施影响。不同自然条件下,不同区域地膜提高产量的响应不同。种植密度与栽培方式在各区域的响应一致,即低密度种植与垄作条件下,地膜增产效应最好。在北方一作区,地膜在低等降水量,较低的土壤有机质含量与低等土壤容重以及低施肥水平,中等种植密度,黑色与垄作条件下,提高水分利用效率的效果最好。【结论】 地膜覆盖在我国具有良好的应用效果,可以提高马铃薯的产量,不同区域的增产效果依次为:北方一作区、南方冬作区、西南混作区、中原二作区,水分利用效率仅在北方一作区有所改善。在降水少、土壤较贫瘠、土壤疏松的自然条件下,以及较低水平的施肥量、较低种植密度、黑色与垄作的栽培管理措施下,地膜更能发挥其增产作用。在北方一作区,地膜使马铃薯增产与保水达到最佳效果所需的条件相似。

关键词: 地膜覆盖, 马铃薯, 产量, 水分利用效率, Meta分析

Abstract:

【Objective】 Plastic mulching film (PMF) has various effects, including improving soil temperature, moisture retention, and weed inhibition. It is an efficient and simple technical measure to alleviate the limitations of potato production. Based on publication data, this study quantified the effect of PMF on potato yield and water use efficiency (WUE), and further analyzed the influencing factors to provide a reference for sustainable potato production. 【Method】 Based on a meta-analysis of 291 field experiments on PMF of potato production in China from 1981 to 2021, published in Web of Science and CNKI databases, including four regions, Northern single farming area (NSFA), Southwest mixed farming area (SWMFA), South winter farming area (SWFA), and Central plains second farming area (CPSFA). Meta-analysis was used to quantify the effects of PMF on potato yield and WUE. The study examined the effects of PFM on potato yield and WUE from various perspective, including the regions, natural conditions (average annual precipitation, soil bulk density, and soil organic matter content), and different management conditions (potassium fertilizer application rate, planting density, mulching color, and mulching method). 【Result】 Compared with no mulching, PMF increased potato yield and WUE by 24.9% and 28.3% respectively. The effects of PMF on yield and WUE varied among different regions: NSFA (27.2%), SWFA (23.6%), SWMFA (18.1%) and CPSFA (10.1%). However, WUE was only significantly improved in the NSFA (29.1%). The response of yield and WUE to PMF varied among different regions and was influenced by natural conditions and management conditions. The response of yield to PMF varied among different regions under different natural condition. Planting density and mulching method had consistent effect in all regions, with the best yield increase achieved with low planting density and ridge. In the NSFA, PMF significantly improved WUE under low average annual precipitation, relatively low soil organic matter content, low soil bulk density and fertilizer application rate, medium planting density, black mulching color, and ridge. 【Conclusion】 PMF had been widely used in China and the results showed it increased potato yield. The yield increase varied among different regions and was in the following order: NSFA, SWFA, SWMFA, and CPSFA. PMF only improved WUE in the NSFA. PMF performed better on yield increase under natural condition of low average annual precipitation, poor soil fertility, and loose soil, as well as under management conditions of relatively low fertilization level, relatively low planting density, black mulching, and ridge. In the NSFA, the conditions required for achieving optimal yield increase and WUE increase using PFM were comparable.

Key words: plastic film mulching, potato, yield, WUE, meta-analysis