中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (19): 3779-3790.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.19.008
王楚涵1(),刘菲1,高健永1,张慧芳1,谢英荷1,曹寒冰1,2(
),谢钧宇1,2(
)
收稿日期:
2021-08-20
接受日期:
2021-12-27
出版日期:
2022-10-01
发布日期:
2022-10-10
通讯作者:
曹寒冰,谢钧宇
作者简介:
王楚涵,E-mail: 基金资助:
WANG ChuHan1(),LIU Fei1,GAO JianYong1,ZHANG HuiFang1,XIE YingHe1,CAO HanBing1,2(
),XIE JunYu1,2(
)
Received:
2021-08-20
Accepted:
2021-12-27
Online:
2022-10-01
Published:
2022-10-10
Contact:
HanBing CAO,JunYu XIE
摘要:
【目的】明确长期优化施肥(减施氮肥)和减氮覆膜下土壤有机碳(SOC)与各组分有机碳含量特征及其对冬小麦籽粒产量的贡献,以期为黄土高原旱地土壤培肥和作物增产提供科学依据。【方法】依托山西省洪洞县7年定位试验,采集0—20 cm土层原状土样,利用连续物理分组方法进行分组,结合冗余分析,研究不同农田管理措施下冬小麦籽粒产量、SOC以及颗粒有机碳(POC)、矿质结合态有机碳(MOC)、轻组颗粒有机碳(Light-POC)和重组颗粒有机碳(Heavy-POC)含量特征,明确SOC含量与各组分有机碳含量的关系,量化其对冬小麦籽粒产量的贡献。试验共设农户施肥(FP)、测控施肥(MF)、垄膜沟播(RF)和平膜穴播(FH)4个处理。【结果】分析不同管理措施下冬小麦籽粒产量和SOC含量发现,FP处理的冬小麦平均产量最低,为3 070 kg·hm-2,与FP相比,MF在减少氮肥用量的情况下并未造成小麦减产,而RF和FH可进一步显著提高小麦籽粒产量,增幅分别达到27.0%和46.4%;与试验初始(2012年)土壤相比,经连续7年采用不同管理措施后SOC含量均显著提高,提高幅度从小到大依次为11.8%(MF)、22.4%(RF)、25.5%(FP)和36.1%(FH),即MF对试验地石灰性褐土SOC提升作用最小,但结合地膜覆盖会显著提升其培肥土壤的效果,FH对SOC含量提升的效果最佳。进一步分析不同处理下SOC组分的差异发现,与FP和MF相比,两种减氮覆膜措施不同程度提高了POC和Light-POC含量及Light-POC在SOC中的分配比例。结合SOC及其各组分有机碳含量与冬小麦籽粒产量的冗余分析、敏感性指数分析和SOC与各组分有机碳含量的相关性分析发现,各有机碳组分均以POC对小麦产量的贡献最大(达71.0%)并对SOC含量的变化和农田管理措施的响应最为敏感。因此,平膜穴播对作物产量和土壤肥力的提高主要是通过提高土壤有机碳中POC含量得以实现的。【结论】在减氮优化施肥的基础上进行平膜穴播,有利于提高黄土高原南部旱地褐土区土壤有机碳和活性有机碳含量,实现冬小麦可持续增产。
王楚涵,刘菲,高健永,张慧芳,谢英荷,曹寒冰,谢钧宇. 减氮覆膜下土壤有机碳组分含量的变化特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(19): 3779-3790.
WANG ChuHan,LIU Fei,GAO JianYong,ZHANG HuiFang,XIE YingHe,CAO HanBing,XIE JunYu. The Variation Characteristics of Soil Organic Carbon Component Content Under Nitrogen Reduction and Film Mulching[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(19): 3779-3790.
表2
不同处理的种植模式及养分用量"
处理 Treatment | 种植模式 Cultivation pattern | 养分用量 Application rate of nutrients (N-P2O5-K2O, kg·hm-2) |
---|---|---|
农户施肥 FP | 常规平作,不覆膜,播前浅旋耕深度13 cm,行距20 cm Conventional flat plough with no film mulching, shallow rotary before sowing at the depth of 13 cm, row spacing of 20 cm | 150-60-0 |
测控施肥 MF | 常规平作,不覆膜,播前浅旋耕深度13 cm,行距20 cm Conventional flat plough with no film mulching, shallow rotary before sowing at the depth of 13 cm, row spacing of 20 cm | 100-83-36 |
垄膜沟播 RF | 垄上覆膜,沟内膜侧播种,播种2行,沟内行距20 cm,垄宽35 cm,沟宽30 cm The furrow was covered with film, and the seed was sown with 2 rows inner furrow side, 20 cm row spacing in the furrow, 35 cm ridge and 30 cm furrow width | 100-83-36 |
平膜穴播 FH | 全地面平铺地膜,膜上覆土厚度0.5—1 cm,播种深度3—5 cm,行距15—16 cm,纵向穴距12 cm The plastic film was mulched on the soil surface covering the thickness of soil of 0.5-1 cm, the sowing depth was 3-5 cm, the row spacing was 15-16 cm, and the longitudinal hole spacing was 12 cm | 100-83-36 |
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