中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (14): 2726-2739.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.14.004
白非1(),白桂萍2,王春云1,李真1,龚德平3,黄威4,程雨贵5,汪波1,王晶1,徐正华1,蒯婕1(),周广生1
收稿日期:
2021-10-22
接受日期:
2022-01-28
出版日期:
2022-07-16
发布日期:
2022-07-26
联系方式:
白非,E-mail: 982895622@qq.com。
基金资助:
BAI Fei1(),BAI GuiPing2,WANG ChunYun1,LI Zhen1,GONG DePing3,HUANG Wei4,CHENG YuGui5,WANG Bo1,WANG Jing1,XU ZhengHua1,KUAI Jie1(),ZHOU GuangSheng1
Received:
2021-10-22
Accepted:
2022-01-28
Published:
2022-07-16
Online:
2022-07-26
摘要:
【目的】长江流域油菜季降雨丰沛,导致该地区光照强度下降,加之密植技术的推广,加剧了个体间对光照的竞争。故光照不足、土壤质地差成为制约该地区油菜高产的重要因素。通过研究耕作深度对遮阴油菜根系生长和养分利用的影响,以期为油菜的稳产增收提供理论支撑。【方法】2019—2021年在湖北武汉华中农业大学试验基地进行裂区试验,品种为主区(湘杂油518,XZY518;浙油50,ZY50),土壤翻耕深度(T5,5 cm;T20,20 cm)为副区,不同光照强度(S0,0%遮阴;S1,30%遮阴)为副副区,研究不同耕作深度下遮阴油菜的土壤养分和理化性质、干物质累积、抗氧化酶活性、根冠生长、养分吸收的变化。【结果】深耕可以促进各层土壤的有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾养分的积累,其中10—20 cm土壤的养分含量增幅最大,为7.5%—42.3%。两种翻耕深度下,遮阴均导致土壤电导率下降,根表面积减少13.3%—36.6%,主根长、根冠比和侧根占比增加,氮素利用率显著下降3.0%—28.4%,根系干重减少,抗氧化酶(POD、SOD、CAT)活性增加。遮阴条件下,翻耕深度的增加,使土壤含水量降幅减小,油菜主根伸长且根表面积增大,根冠比和侧根占比增加,氮素利用率提高,根系的抗氧化酶(POD、SOD)活性增强,干物质积累增多。方差分析表明翻耕深度和遮阴对根系形态、干物质累积、抗氧化酶活、养分利用的互作效应多呈显著或极显著水平。在浅耕和深耕条件下,与正常光照相比,遮阴导致根表面积分别下降24.9%—36.6%、13.3%—19.2%,氮素利用率分别下降10.0%—28.4%、3.0%—23.9%。【结论】弱光胁迫下,深耕通过提高各层土壤养分含量,使油菜主根伸长,侧根占比增加,根表面积增大,同时根系抗氧化酶活力的增强延缓了根系的衰老,使根系养分吸收能力增强,氮素利用率增大,干物质积累量增大,最终促进了油菜的生长。
白非, 白桂萍, 王春云, 李真, 龚德平, 黄威, 程雨贵, 汪波, 王晶, 徐正华, 蒯婕, 周广生. 翻耕深度对遮阴油菜根系生长和养分吸收利用的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(14): 2726-2739.
BAI Fei, BAI GuiPing, WANG ChunYun, LI Zhen, GONG DePing, HUANG Wei, CHENG YuGui, WANG Bo, WANG Jing, XU ZhengHua, KUAI Jie, ZHOU GuangSheng. Effects of Tillage Depth and Shading on Root Growth and Nutrient Utilization of Rapeseed[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(14): 2726-2739.
表1
试点基础土壤养分含量"
年份 Year | 土壤深度 Soil depth (cm) | 全氮 Total N (g·kg-1) | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 碱解氮 Alkeine-N (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Olsen P (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available K (mg·kg-1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019-2020 | 0-10 | 1.06 | 18.0 | 118.1 | 20.1 | 190.1 | |
10-20 | 0.86 | 11.7 | 104.2 | 11.2 | 140.4 | ||
20-30 | 0.79 | 12.2 | 99.1 | 7.5 | 134.7 | ||
2020-2021 | 0-10 | 1.04 | 16.5 | 131.9 | 20.8 | 177.6 | |
10-20 | 0.86 | 12.4 | 111.1 | 9.3 | 122.2 | ||
20-30 | 0.74 | 11.3 | 99.0 | 6.1 | 110.0 |
表3
翻耕深度对油菜收获后土壤养分的影响"
品种 Variety | 翻耕深度 Tillage depth | 土壤深度 Soil depth (cm) | 2019-2020 | 2020-2021 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
全氮 Total N (g·kg-1) | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 碱解氮 Alkeine-N (m g·kg-1) | 速效磷 Olsen P (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available K (mg·kg-1) | 全氮 Total N (g·kg-1) | 有机质 Organic matter (g·kg-1) | 碱解氮 Alkeine-N (mg·kg-1) | 速效磷 Olsen P (mg·kg-1) | 速效钾 Available K (mg·kg-1) | |||
XZY518 | T5 | 0-10 | 1.02a | 11.68c | 106.3bc | 19.63cd | 207.3 a | 1.13b | 15.68a | 104.6bc | 19.18b | 247.0a |
10-20 | 0.82bc | 9.41e | 81.9de | 12.71f | 166.0 de | 0.90de | 9.78d | 84.6de | 12.06de | 203.0bc | ||
20-30 | 0.64d | 8.38f | 83.7d | 10.86f | 153.0 de | 0.68fg | 9.56d | 66.8fg | 7.37f | 182.3cde | ||
T20 | 0-10 | 1.06a | 12.37ab | 109.8bc | 31.94a | 214.3a | 1.10bc | 10.87cd | 111.6ab | 18.69b | 242.7a | |
10-20 | 1.00a | 10.12d | 101.1c | 25.84b | 201.0 ab | 0.98cd | 13.92b | 106.3bc | 12.55de | 174.0de | ||
20-30 | 0.78c | 9.64e | 88.3d | 21.57c | 198.0 abc | 0.84de | 10.18cd | 91.2cde | 9.59ef | 160.3def | ||
ZY50 | T5 | 0-10 | 1.08a | 12.12bc | 113.9b | 19.17cd | 216.5 a | 1.11bc | 11.41c | 119.1ab | 18.49bc | 226.7ab |
10-20 | 0.83bc | 9.23e | 70.9ef | 16.81de | 166.0 de | 0.84de | 9.29de | 94.7cd | 12.13de | 169.0de | ||
20-30 | 0.63d | 8.49f | 69.7f | 11.41f | 146.3 e | 0.63g | 7.89e | 60.2g | 10.06ef | 155.0ef | ||
T20 | 0-10 | 1.08a | 12.73a | 132.5a | 29.43ab | 206.0 a | 1.29a | 11.74c | 126.1a | 25.52a | 206.3bc | |
10-20 | 0.89b | 10.30d | 89.8d | 20.39cd | 178.5 bcd | 0.95d | 10.58cd | 88.9de | 14.90cd | 186.3cd | ||
20-30 | 0.67d | 9.37e | 71.5ef | 14.05ef | 172.3 cde | 0.80ef | 9.63d | 79.0ef | 11.93de | 139.3f | ||
方差分析Analysis of variance | ||||||||||||
品种 Variety (V) | NS | NS | NS | * | NS | NS | ** | NS | ** | ** | ||
翻耕深度 Tillage depth (TD) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | NS | ** | ** | * | ||
土壤深度Soil depth (SD) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | ** | ||
V × TD | NS | NS | NS | ** | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
V × SD | NS | NS | ** | NS | NS | NS | NS | ** | NS | NS | ||
TD × SD | NS | NS | * | NS | * | NS | ** | NS | NS | NS | ||
V× TD × SD | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | ** | NS | NS | NS |
表4
翻耕深度对遮阴油菜不同时期根系干物质累积和根冠比的影响"
品种 Variety | 翻耕深度 Tillage depth | 遮阴 Shade | 2019-2020 | 2020-2021 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
遮阴60d Shade- 60d | 遮阴终止后20d Shade end- 20d | 遮阴60d Shade- 60d | 遮阴终止后20d Shade end- 20d | |||||||
根系干重 Root biomass (g/plant) | 根冠比Root-shoot ratio (%) | 根系干重 Root biomass (g/plant) | 根冠比Root-shoot ratio (%) | 根系干重 Root biomass (g/plant) | 根冠比Root-shoot ratio (%) | 根系干重 Root biomass (g/plant) | 根冠 比Root-shoot ratio (%) | |||
XZY518 | T5 | S0 | 3.6ab | 19.1c | 3.3bc | 11.0bc | 2.5c | 18.0ab | 2.7c | 9.1bcd |
S1 | 3.3c | 21.1b | 2.9f | 11.2b | 2.2d | 18.1a | 2.2d | 11.1a | ||
T20 | S0 | 3.7a | 18.1c | 3.6a | 10.4c | 2.7b | 16.9c | 3.5b | 8.2d | |
S1 | 3.6ab | 21.4b | 3.2cd | 12.3cd | 2.6c | 17.3bc | 3.0c | 8.6cd | ||
ZY50 | T5 | S0 | 3.6ab | 19.2c | 3.2d | 10.4c | 2.5c | 16.0d | 2.7c | 9.5bcd |
S1 | 3.2c | 22.1ab | 3.0e | 12.0a | 2.2d | 16.1d | 2.2d | 9.9abc | ||
T20 | S0 | 3.6ab | 18.7c | 3.4b | 9.7d | 3.0a | 17.8ab | 4.0a | 9.6bc | |
S1 | 3.5b | 22.9a | 3.2d | 10.7bc | 2.8b | 18.2a | 3.7ab | 10.2ab | ||
方差分析Analysis of variance | ||||||||||
品种 Variety (V) | NS | * | * | NS | ** | * | ** | NS | ||
翻耕深度 Tillage depth (TD) | ** | NS | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | * | ||
遮阴 Shade(S) | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | NS | ** | * | ||
V×TD | NS | NS | ** | NS | ** | ** | ** | ** | ||
V×S | NS | * | ** | ** | NS | NS | NS | NS | ||
TD×S | ** | * | NS | NS | * | NS | NS | NS | ||
V×TD×S | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
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