绿色肥料缘起、现状与发展趋势

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.13.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”的新发展理念是“十四五”乃至更长时期内我国发展思路、方向和着力点的集中体现。农业的绿色发展是贯彻新发展理念的重要环节，对形成人与自然和谐共生、保障食品安全和营造宜居环境均具有重要的作用。肥料作为最大的外源投入品和生产资料，对农产品数量、质量和农业生态环境作用巨大，影响深远，在农业绿色发展中具有举足轻重的地位。然而传统肥料的不合理施用造成了土壤质量退化、环境污染、农产品品质下降等问题，迫切需要肥料产品的转型和升级，绿色投入品的研制应运而生，而“绿色肥料”也在这个大背景下被提出。绿色肥料概念或定义：应用质量安全原料，低碳环保工艺，采用物理-化学-生物改性增效技术生产和使用的，具有养分高效均衡、减排环保、培肥地力沃土功能的一类肥料。绿色肥料种类主要分为以下五类：养分高效型绿色肥料；固碳培肥型绿色肥料；增效及提高养分转化效率型绿色肥料；养分均衡型绿色肥料；增值型绿色肥料。如何实现化肥的绿色转型、有机肥资源高效低成本利用，主要有四方面建议。（1）依靠市场机制，加强顶层设计，构建肥料绿色制造新体系；（2）以养分资源综合管理为核心，促进有机-大量元素-中微量元素肥料平衡协调发展；（3）充分发挥科研平台作用，大力发展智能化绿色肥料产品；（4）融合现代传感和信息技术，全面推进绿色高效的精准施肥。本文就绿色肥料提出的背景、概念和内涵、种类、特征进行概述，并对未来发展方向进行探讨，以期对今后我国肥料产业的绿色转型和农业的绿色发展提供借鉴。

关键词: 绿色肥料, 养分均衡, 培肥土壤, 环境友好

Abstract:

The new development concept of "innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing" is the centralized reflection of China's development concept, direction and focus in the 14th Five-Year Plan and even in the longer term. The green development of agriculture is an important part of the implementation of the new development concept, which plays an important role in forming a harmonious coexistence between human beings and nature, ensuring food safety and creating a livable environment. Fertilizer, as the largest exogenous input and production material, plays a significant role and has a profound impact on the quantity and quality of agricultural products and the agricultural ecological environment, and plays a pivotal role in the green development of agriculture. However, the improper application of traditional fertilizers has caused the degradation of soil quality, environmental pollution and degradation of agricultural products, which urgently requires the transformation and upgrading of fertilizer products, and the development of green inputs has come into being. Green fertilizer concept and definition is: the application of quality and safety of raw materials, low-carbon environmental protection process, the use of physical - chemical - biological modification and efficiency technology production and use, with efficient and balanced nutrients, emission reduction and environmental protection, fertilization of fertile soil function of a class of fertilizers. The types of green fertilizers are mainly divided into the following five categories: nutrient-efficient green fertilizers, carbon-fixing and fertilizing green fertilizers, efficiency-enhancing and nutrient conversion efficiency green fertilizers, nutrient-balanced green fertilizers, and value-added green fertilizers. How to realize the green transformation of chemical fertilizers and the efficient and low-cost utilization of organic fertilizer resources? there are four main suggestions: (1) Rely on market mechanisms, strengthen top-level design, and build a new system of green fertilizer manufacturing; (2) Take the integrated management of nutrient resources as the core, and promote the balanced and coordinated development of organic-mass-element-micro-element fertilizers; (3) Fully play the role of scientific research platforms, and greatly develop intelligent green fertilizer products; (4) Integrate modern sensing and information technology to thoroughly promote green and efficient precision fertilization. This paper provided an overview of the background, concept, types and characteristics of green fertilizers proposed, and discussed the future development direction, in order to provide insight into the green transformation of China's fertilizer industry and the green development of agriculture in the future.

Key words: green fertilizer, nutrition balance, soil fertility improving, environmental friendly

武志杰, 张丽莉, 石元亮, 魏占波, 李东坡, 宫平, 李杰, 张蕾, 王玲莉, 武开阔, 薛妍, 宋玉超, 崔磊. 绿色肥料缘起、现状与发展趋势[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(13): 2530-2546.

WU ZhiJie, ZHANG LiLi, SHI YuanLiang, WEI ZhanBo, LI DongPo, GONG Ping, LI Jie, ZHANG Lei, WANG LingLi, WU KaiKuo, XUE Yan, SONG YuChao, CUI Lei. Origin, Present Situation and Development Trend of Green Fertilizer[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(13): 2530-2546.

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