水培条件下根际氧环境对水稻幼苗磷吸收的影响及其生理机制

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.02.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究根际氧环境对水稻幼苗磷吸收的影响及其生理机制，以期为促进水稻磷素吸收利用的新栽培措施提供理论依据。【方法】以珍汕97B和密阳46为材料，用国际水稻所营养液配方进行水培试验。秧苗移栽一周后用在线溶氧仪（氮气、氧气调节）设定中氧：2.5—3.5 mg·L^-1，高氧：>6.0 mg·L^-1（饱和溶解氧处理，在水稻生长过程中用充气泵连续向水体中充入空气）和常规水培（CK，不进行氧调节）3个氧处理，研究水稻幼苗生长（生物量、根系形态结构）、根系生理（根系活力、磷吸收动力学、磷酸酶活性、根系分泌的有机酸、柠檬酸等）以及磷吸收积累等指标。【结果】（1）中氧处理促进水稻幼苗分蘖的发生和生长，增加其生物量、根冠比以及磷的吸收和积累；高氧处理降低株高，减少地上生物量，对地下部分生物量无明显影响。（2）中氧处理后总根长、根系表面积、总根系体积较对照显著增加，平均根粗显著降低；高氧处理与之相反。中氧和高氧处理均能促进有机酸的分泌（有机酸总量、草酸、酒石酸以及柠檬酸含量均增加）、提高叶片和根系中酸性磷酸酶活性；但与高氧处理相比，中氧处理后根系活力显著增强，磷吸收动力学参数得以优化，Imax增大、Km和Cmin降低。（3）磷积累量、地上部磷含量与根系形态（总根长、根系表面积、平均根粗和总根系体积）、根系活力、吸收动力学参数Imax、草酸以及酒石酸含量显著正相关，与磷吸收动力学参数Km和Cmin显著负相关。地下部磷含量与根系酸性磷酸酶活性、根系活力、有机酸总量以及草酸含量显著正相关，与其余指标相关性未达显著水平。【结论】适度增氧（中氧）增加叶片和根系中酸性磷酸酶活性、根系活力、草酸、酒石酸和柠檬酸分泌量，优化根系形态（增加根系总长度和表面积）和磷素吸收动力学参数，从而促进水稻幼苗对磷的吸收。因此，生产上可以通过栽培措施的调控改变根际氧环境从而提高水稻对磷吸收利用。

关键词: 水稻, 根际氧环境, 磷, 根系形态, 根系生理

Abstract:

【Objective】This study was conducted to research the effect of rhizosphere oxygen environment on the phosphorus uptake of rice seedlings and its physiological mechanisms, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the new cultivation measures to promote the absorption and utilization of phosphorus uptake of rice. 【Method】Two varieties, including Zhenshan 97B and Miyang 46, were cultured in nutrient solution with different oxygen content (DOC) levels (medium oxygen: DOC 2.5-3.5 mg·L^-1, high oxygen: DOC>6.0 mg·L^-1, continuous bubbling with atmospheric air, and normal conditions as CK) controlled by on-line dissolved oxygen meter. After different oxygen treatments, the rice seedling growth (biomass, root morphological structure), root physiology (root activity, phosphorus absorption kinetics, phosphatase activity, root secretion of organic acids, citric acid, etc.), and phosphorus absorption and accumulation were measured and analyzed. 【Result】 (1) The medium oxygen treatment significantly promoted the occurrence and growth of tillers, and increased the biomass, root shoot ratio, phosphorus content and accumulation of the two tested varieties; The high oxygen treatment reduced the plant height and shoot biomass, but had no significant effect on root biomass. (2) Compared with the control, the total root length, surface area and total volume of root were significantly increased, and the average root diameter were significantly decreased after the medium oxygen treatment, while the high oxygen treatment was opposite to the medium. The medium and high oxygen treatment could promote the secretion of organic acids (the total amount of organic acids, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid content increased), and increase the activity of acid phosphatase in leaves and roots. However, compared with high oxygen, the medium oxygen treatment significantly enhanced the activity of roots, optimized the kinetic parameters of phosphorus absorption, increased Imax, and decreased Km and Cmin. (3) The results of correlation analysis showed that the phosphorus accumulation and aboveground phosphorus content were significantly positively correlated with root morphology (total root length, root surface area, average diameter and total volume of root), root activity, absorption kinetic parameters Imax, the content of oxalic acid and tartaric acid, and negatively correlated with phosphorus absorption kinetic parameters Km and Cmin. The root phosphorus content of root was significantly positively correlated with root acid phosphatase, root activity, total organic acid and oxalic acid content, but not significantly with other indexes. 【Conclusion】The moderate increase of dissolved oxygen concentration (medium oxygen treatment) could improve the activity of acid phosphatase in leaves and roots, root activity, the root secretion content of oxalic acid, tartaric acid and citric acid, optimize the root morphological structure (increase the root surface area) and phosphorus uptake kinetics of rice seedlings so as to increase phosphorus content and accumulation of rice. Therefore, the selecting appropriate cultivation measures could change the rhizosphere oxygen environment and improve the ability of phosphorus absorption of rice in field planting.

Key words: rice, rhizosphere oxygen environment, phosphorus, root morphology, root physiology

肖德顺, 徐春梅, 王丹英, 章秀福, 陈松, 褚光, 刘元辉. 水培条件下根际氧环境对水稻幼苗磷吸收的影响及其生理机制[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(2): 236-248.

XIAO DeShun, XU ChunMei, WANG DanYing, ZHANG XiuFu, CHEN Song, CHU Guang, LIU YuanHui. Effects of Rhizosphere Oxygen Environment on Phosphorus Uptake of Rice Seedlings and Its Physiological Mechanisms in Hydroponic Condition[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(2): 236-248.

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品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	分蘖数 Tiller number	地上部干重 Shoot dry weight (g)	地下部干重 Root dry weight (g)	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio of dry weight
珍汕 97B Zhenshan 97B	对照 Control	87.56a	4.40b	11.41b	1.81b	0.158b
	中氧Middle oxygen	88.92a	5.68a	12.95a	2.31a	0.178a
	高氧 High oxygen	85.38a	4.54b	10.05c	1.88b	0.187a
密阳 46 Miyang 46	对照 Control	63.77ab	5.53b	7.95ab	1.25b	0.150b
	中氧 Middle oxygen	68.13a	6.13a	8.65a	1.51a	0.175a
	高氧 High oxygen	62.57b	5.47b	7.09b	1.19b	0.168a
ANOVA
品种 Variety (V)		**	**	**	**	*
处理 Treatment (T)		*	**	**	**	**
V × T		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	总根长 Total root length (cm)	总根系表面积 Total surface area (cm²)	平均根粗 Average diameter (mm)	总根系体积 Total root volume (cm³)
珍汕 97B Zhenshan 97B	对照 Control	1593.97b	196.29b	0.392b	1.926a
	中氧 Middle oxygen	1764.58a	211.81a	0.381c	2.030a
	高氧 High oxygen	1359.80c	175.94c	0.412a	1.816b
密阳 46 Miyang 46	对照 Control	1320.76b	124.27b	0.300a	0.932a
	中氧 Middle oxygen	1560.55a	142.33a	0.286b	0.978a
	高氧 High oxygen	1225.51c	123.99b	0.295a	0.919a
ANOVA
品种 Variety (V)		**	**	**	**
处理 Treatment (T)		**	**	**	ns
V × T		ns	*	**	ns

磷吸收 Phosphorus uptake	珍汕97B Zhenshan97B			密阳46 Miyang46			ANOVA
磷吸收 Phosphorus uptake	对照 Control	中氧 Medium oxygen	高氧 High oxygen	对照 Control	中氧 Medium oxygen	高氧 High oxygen	品种 Variety (V)	处理 Treatment (T)	V×T
地上部磷含量 Shoot phosphorus content (mg·g^-1)	5.83b	6.12a	6.14a	5.42a	5.51a	5.50a	**	**	ns
地下部磷含量 Root phosphorus content (mg·g^-1)	5.25c	5.58b	5.90a	5.30b	5.59a	5.43ab	*	**	**
地上部磷积累量 Shoot phosphorus accumulation (mg)	13.30ab	13.79a	12.28b	8.61b	9.89a	7.92b	**	**	ns
地下部磷积累量 Root phosphorus accumulation (mg)	1.89b	2.33a	2.10ab	1.29b	1.62a	1.33b	**	**	ns
单株磷积累量 Plant phosphorus accumulation (mg)	15.19ab	16.12a	14.38b	9.90ab	10.98a	9.25b	**	**	ns
地上部磷分配率 Shoot phosphorus accumulation ratio (%)	87.56a	85.55b	85.25b	86.99a	84.79b	85.59b	ns	**	ns
地下部磷分配率 Root phosphorus accumulation ratio (%)	12.44b	14.45a	14.75a	13.01b	15.21a	14.41a	ns	**	ns

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	Imax (μg·g^-1 root·DW·h^-1)	Km (mg·L^-1)	Cmin (mg·L^-1)
珍汕97B Zhenshan97B	对照 Control	72.88b	1.78b	1.66a
	中氧Medium oxygen	97.35a	1.44c	1.20b
	高氧 High oxygen	65.70c	1.85a	1.64a
密阳46 Miyang46	对照 Control	71.37a	2.08a	1.94a
	中氧 Medium oxygen	72.54a	1.93b	1.83b
	高氧 High oxygen	58.60b	2.05a	1.92a
ANOVA
品种 Variety (V)		**	**	**
处理 Treatment (T)		**	**	**
V×T		**	**	**

品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	草酸 Oxalic acid	酒石酸 Tartaric acid	柠檬酸 Citric acid
珍汕97B Zhenshan97B	对照 Control	0.260b	1.334b	0.015c
	中氧 Medium oxygen	0.427a	4.427a	0.025b
	高氧 High oxygen	0.384a	1.342b	0.028a
密阳46 Miyang46	对照 Control	0.188c	0.291b	0.044c
	中氧 Medium oxygen	0.346a	0.569a	0.491a
	高氧 High oxygen	0.286b	0.549a	0.122b
ANOVA
品种 Variety (V)		**	**	**
处理 Treatment (T)		**	**	**
V × T		ns	**	**