油菜机栽毯苗培育的适宜供氮量研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.16.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】适宜机栽的油菜毯苗密度大，个体小，抗逆能力差，研究不同氮肥用量对油菜毯苗农艺性状、生理指标以及栽后活棵率的影响，明确油菜机栽毯苗培育的适宜供氮水平。【方法】于2020和2021年份以秦优10号和宁杂158两个油菜品种为供试材料，在子叶期喷施0.25 g N/盘基础上，于一叶一心期设置0（不施氮肥）、0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0 g N/盘共5个氮肥用量处理，播种后30 d测定农艺性状和生理指标，机栽后10 d田间调查活棵率。【结果】播种后30 d每盘存苗数的变化范围为627—669，随着供氮水平增加，存苗数呈先增加后降低。不同部位的含氮率随着氮肥用量的增加逐渐增加，地上部含氮率高于地下部，碳素含量随着供氮水平的增加总体上呈降低趋势，地下部碳素含量高于对应的地上部碳素含量。地上、地下部碳氮比的变化范围分别为6.98—9.69和12.35—16.26，随着供氮水平的增加均表现为下降趋势。随着氮肥用量增加，油菜毯苗株高、单株叶面积、鲜重、干重和水分含量逐渐增加，其中以地下部鲜重的增加幅度最大，秦优10号和宁杂158两个油菜品种2.0 g N/盘处理的地下部鲜重平均值与不施氮肥处理相比增加幅度分别为106.3%和95.0%。根颈直径和栽后活棵率随着氮肥用量的增加呈先增加后降低趋势，相同年份和品种试验中根颈直径均以1.5 g N/盘处理最高，不同处理栽后活棵率的变化范围为81.7%—97.1%，以1.0和1.5 g N/盘处理较高，均在95%以上，并且两者之间无显著差异。【结论】油菜毯苗培育过程中，在子叶期喷施0.25 g N/盘基础上，一叶一心期喷施1.0—1.5 g N/盘时，机械移栽后每盘存苗数较高，根颈粗、含氮率和碳氮比值适宜，栽后活棵率高。

关键词: 油菜毯苗, 供氮水平, 碳氮比, 水分含量, 活棵率

Abstract:

【Objective】The density of rapeseed blanket seedling suitable for mechanized transplanting is large and individual plant is small, so the adversity-resistant ability of rapeseed blanket seedling is poor. In order to determine the appropriate nitrogen (N) supply level, the effects of different N levels on the agronomic traits, physiological indexes and survival rate after mechanized transplanting were studied.【Method】In 2020 and 2021, two rapeseed varieties, Qinyou 10 and Ningza 158, were planted. On the basis of spraying 0.25 g N/tray at the cotyledon stage, five nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g N/tray) were set at one-leaf and one-tip stage. The agronomic traits and physiological indexes were measured 30 days after sowing, and the survival rate was investigated 10 days after mechanized transplanting.【Result】At 30 days after sowing, the seedling numbers per tray ranged from 627 to 669, and the seedling numbers increased first and then decreased with the increase of N supply level. The increase of N supply level increased N contents, and the N content rates in shoots were higher than those in roots. The carbon (C) decreased in general as N level increased, and the C content rates in roots were higher than those in shoots. The variation range of C/N ratios in shoots and roots was 6.98-9.69 and 12.35-16.26, respectively, which showed a downward trend with the increase of N supply level. The plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight and moisture content increased gradually with the increase of N level, and among them, the increasing extent of the fresh weight in roots was the most. When N level increased from zero to 2.0 g N/tray, the fresh weight in roots per tray in Qinyou 10 and Ningza raised by 106.3% and 95.0%, respectively. The root collar diameter and survival rate after planting showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing as increasing of N supply level. In the same year and variety experiment, the root collar diameter of 1.5 g N/tray treatment was the highest, and the survival rates ranged from 81.7% to 97.1%. The treatments of 1.0 and 1.5 g N/tray were higher, both above 95%, and there was no significant difference between them.【Conclusion】In the process of rapeseed blanket seedling cultivation, based on 0.25 g N/tray at cotyledon stage, the N supply level from 1.0 to 1.5 g N/tray at one-leaf and one-tip stage is easy to obtain strong seedlings. Under this management, the N content and C/N ratio were appropriate, and seedling number, root collar, survival rate after mechanized transplanting were high.

Key words: rapeseed blanket seedling, nitrogen supply level, C/N ratio, moisture content, seedling survival rate

李静, 钱晨, 林国冰, 王龙, 李亦扬, 郑经东, 尤晶晶, 冷锁虎, 左青松. 油菜机栽毯苗培育的适宜供氮量研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(16): 3100-3109.

LI Jing, QIAN Chen, LIN GuoBing, WANG Long, LI YiYang, ZHENG JingDong, YOU JingJing, LENG SuoHu, ZUO QingSong. Studies on the Suitable Nitrogen Supply Level of Rapeseed Blanket Seedling for Mechanized Transplanting[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(16): 3100-3109.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.16.005

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2023/V56/I16/3100

图/表 4

表1

表2

不同处理播种后30 d秧苗碳、氮含量及碳氮比"

年份 Year	品种 Variety	供氮水平 Nitrogen level (g/tray)	碳含量Carbon content (%)		氮含量Nitrogen content (%)		碳氮比C/N ratio
年份 Year	品种 Variety	供氮水平 Nitrogen level (g/tray)	地上部 Shoot	地下部 Root	地上部 Shoot	地下部 Root	地上部 Shoot	地下部 Root
2020	秦优10号 Qinyou 10	0	41.72±0.12b	44.53±0.25a	4.37±0.09k	2.64±0.07i	9.55±0.23ab	16.26±0.51a
		0.5	41.21±0.07c	43.58±0.26c	4.67±0.01i	2.86±0.04g	8.82±0.02d	14.98±0.14cd
		1.0	40.47±0.21ef	43.10±0.46de	5.04±0.04fg	3.13±0.11de	8.02±0.11e	13.77±0.62fg
		1.5	39.63±0.13g	42.68±0.50ef	5.25±0.03de	3.25±0.02c	7.55±0.06f	13.33±0.17hi
		2.0	39.10±0.28hi	41.98±0.43hi	5.35±0.06cd	3.39±0.06b	7.31±0.11gh	12.77±0.14jk
	宁杂158 Ningza 158	0	41.63±0.28b	44.57±0.05a	4.53±0.01j	2.86±0.02g	9.19±0.07c	15.08±0.07c
		0.5	41.75±0.24b	43.60±0.21c	4.83±0.09h	3.06±0.03e	8.64±0.11d	14.03±0.17f
		1.0	40.66±0.18de	43.37±0.31cd	5.15±0.04ef	3.23±0.06c	7.90±0.05e	13.45±0.27gh
		1.5	40.23±0.11f	42.97±0.23def	5.41±0.05bc	3.37±0.09b	7.44±0.06fg	12.95±0.27ij
		2.0	39.10±0.33hi	42.16±0.05gh	5.60±0.02a	3.51±0.02a	6.98±0.05i	12.35±0.08k
2021	秦优10号 Qinyou 10	0	42.23±0.27a	44.32±0.05a	4.36±0.07k	2.67±0.03hi	9.69±0.22a	16.00±0.16a
		0.5	40.95±0.13cd	43.75±0.23bc	4.72±0.08i	2.96±0.03f	8.68±0.15d	14.55±0.08de
		1.0	40.38±0.54ef	43.08±0.32de	4.99±0.10g	3.09±0.02e	8.09±0.06e	13.96±0.13f
		1.5	39.72±0.28g	42.56±0.11fg	5.25±0.06de	3.24±0.04c	7.57±0.06f	13.34±0.21ghi
		2.0	38.91±0.24i	41.69±0.28i	5.31±0.07cd	3.37±0.02b	7.33±0.12gh	12.74±0.02jk
	宁杂158 Ningza 158	0	41.63±0.09b	44.36±0.29a	4.42±0.07jk	2.75±0.06h	9.41±0.12b	15.55±0.33b
		0.5	41.24±0.17c	44.16±0.25ab	4.69±0.14i	3.08±0.07e	8.80±0.29d	14.13±0.26ef
		1.0	40.99±0.26cd	42.96±0.14def	5.11±0.05f	3.20±0.03cd	8.02±0.04e	13.44±0.13gh
		1.5	40.11±0.35f	42.61±0.18f	5.37±0.07bc	3.34±0.08b	7.47±0.04fg	12.94±0.27ij
		2.0	39.39±0.21gh	42.05±0.23hi	5.47±0.08b	3.42±0.05b	7.20±0.12h	12.66±0.24jk
方差分析Analysis of variance
年份Year (Y)			NS	NS	NS	NS	*	NS
品种Variety (V)			**	**	**	**	*	**
氮肥水平Nitrogen level (N)			**	**	**	**	**	**
年份×品种Y×V			NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
年份×氮肥水平Y×N			*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
品种×氮肥水平V×N			**	NS	NS	NS	*	NS
年份×品种×氮肥水平Y×V×N			*	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

表2

表3

不同处理播种后30 d秧苗鲜重、干重和水分含量"

年份 Year	品种 Variety	供氮水平 Nitrogen level (g/tray)	鲜重Fresh weight (mg/株)		干重Dry weight (mg/株)		水分含量Moisture content (%)
年份 Year	品种 Variety	供氮水平 Nitrogen level (g/tray)	地上部 Shoot	地下部 Root	地上部 Shoot	地下部 Root	地上部 Shoot	地下部 Root
2020	秦优10号 Qinyou 10	0	538.2±9.1g	25.9±0.31f	73.6±1.60g	6.30±0.05k	86.3±0.11i	75.7±0.48ij
		0.5	653.1±15.1f	33.3±0.33d	82.1±0.81e	7.68±0.13h	87.4±0.22fg	76.9±0.41gh
		1.0	713.8±25.0e	41.5±0.38c	88.8±2.09cd	9.07±0.17f	87.5±0.47ef	78.1±0.53def
		1.5	766.2±14.7c	44.2±0.35b	92.5±2.53b	9.33±0.19e	87.9±0.22cde	78.9±0.57d
		2.0	855.3±1.4b	53.5±1.35a	99.9±1.95a	9.40±0.14de	88.3±0.22abc	82.4±0.71a
	宁杂158 Ningza 158	0	549.8±20.4g	27.6±0.23e	71.8±2.17g	6.53±0.08ij	86.9±0.71gh	76.3±0.46hi
		0.5	645.0±6.1f	32.4±0.22d	80.0±0.81ef	7.49±0.09h	87.6±0.22def	76.9±0.13gh
		1.0	735.8±20.7de	41.8±0.57c	88.1±1.04d	9.42±0.10de	88.0±0.47abcde	77.5±0.45fg
		1.5	768.2±12.5c	44.3±0.97b	91.5±1.30b	9.82±0.11ab	88.1±0.05abcd	77.8±0.56f
		2.0	868.1±8.4ab	53.5±0.40a	99.5±2.86a	9.99±0.12a	88.5±0.39a	81.3±0.35bc
2021	秦优10号 Qinyou 10	0	544.6±7.6g	25.9±0.27f	72.0±1.11g	6.37±0.15jk	86.8±0.38hi	75.3±0.75j
		0.5	636.9±9.4f	32.6±0.28d	80.5±1.37ef	7.53±0.09h	87.4±0.05fg	76.9±0.14gh
		1.0	712.3±22.4e	41.3±0.26c	87.6±1.26d	9.09±0.08f	87.7±0.37def	78.0±0.14ef
		1.5	755.8±7.2cd	43.5±0.87b	90.8±0.96bc	9.26±0.03ef	88.0±0.21bcde	78.7±0.41de
		2.0	867.7±17.6ab	53.3±0.47a	100.6±0.53a	9.56±0.19cd	88.4±0.26abc	82.1±0.48ab
	宁杂158 Ningza 158	0	549.8±4.4g	26.8±0.72ef	72.8±0.94g	6.58±0.05i	86.8±0.08hi	75.4±0.84j
		0.5	647.0±0.5f	33.2±0.29d	78.2±1.28f	7.88±0.05g	87.9±0.21cde	76.3±0.15hi
		1.0	715.8±7.5e	41.4±0.57c	87.3±0.22d	9.30±0.14e	87.8±0.15def	77.5±0.11fg
		1.5	763.2±23.1c	43.9±1.12b	90.5±0.79bc	9.69±0.17bc	88.1±0.29abcd	77.9±0.40ef
		2.0	885.0±9.1a	52.6±0.86a	101.8±2.55a	9.98±0.07a	88.5±0.34ab	81.0±0.19c
方差分析Analysis of variance
年份Year (Y)			NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
品种Variety (V)			**	NS	NS	**	**	*
氮肥水平Nitrogen level (N)			**	**	**	**	**	**
年份×品种Y×V			NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
年份×氮肥水平Y×N			NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
品种×氮肥水平V×N			NS	*	NS	**	NS	**
年份×品种×氮肥水平Y×V×N			NS	NS	NS	**	NS	NS

表3

图1

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年份 Year	品种 Variety	供氮水平 Nitrogen level (g/tray)	每盘存苗数 Seedling number per tray	株高 Plant height (cm)	单株叶面积 Leaf area per plant (cm²)	根颈直径 Root collar diameter (mm)
2020	秦优10号 Qinyou 10	0	637±6fg	7.31±0.09gh	16.6±0.26i	1.82±0.01h
		0.5	650±6d	8.21±0.08f	21.5±0.60h	1.93±0.04g
		1.0	665±6ab	8.75±0.09e	25.1±0.61fg	2.15±0.04cde
		1.5	668±5ab	8.98±0.07bc	26.9±1.26d	2.22±0.03ab
		2.0	636±4fgh	9.38±0.06a	30.0±0.93b	2.11±0.04def
	宁杂158 Ningza 158	0	640±5ef	7.45±0.09g	16.7±0.75i	1.83±0.06h
		0.5	650±6d	8.25±0.08f	21.6±0.55h	1.94±0.03g
		1.0	664±6ab	8.82±0.08de	25.9±0.70ef	2.16±0.04bcd
		1.5	669±3a	9.03±0.11bc	28.2±0.48c	2.24±0.05a
		2.0	627±3h	9.33±0.09a	31.2±0.74a	2.15±0.02cde
2021	秦优10号 Qinyou 10	0	630±8gh	7.21±0.05h	16.5±0.85i	1.81±0.01h
		0.5	649±7de	8.25±0.09f	21.4±0.66h	1.92±0.05g
		1.0	660±8bc	8.68±0.08e	24.6±0.55g	2.11±0.05def
		1.5	663±7abc	8.90±0.16cd	26.2±0.92de	2.19±0.05abc
		2.0	636±5fgh	9.34±0.10a	29.7±1.19b	2.09±0.06f
	宁杂158 Ningza 158	0	636±7fgh	7.32±0.11gh	16.3±0.42i	1.83±0.02h
		0.5	654±8cd	8.30±0.05f	21.2±0.60h	1.95±0.01g
		1.0	665±4ab	8.77±0.04de	25.2±1.02fg	2.13±0.01cdef
		1.5	665±4ab	9.08±0.07b	26.8±0.66d	2.22±0.04ab
		2.0	634±6fgh	9.29±0.06a	29.7±1.41b	2.10±0.03ef
方差分析Analysis of variance
年份Year (Y)			NS	NS	*	NS
品种Variety (V)			NS	*	*	NS
氮肥水平Nitrogen level (N)			**	**	**	**
年份×品种Y×V			NS	NS	NS	NS
年份×氮肥水平Y×N			NS	NS	NS	NS
品种×氮肥水平V×N			NS	NS	*	NS
年份×品种×氮肥水平Y×V×N			NS	NS	NS	NS