耕作对渭北旱塬小麦-玉米轮作田土壤水分和产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.14.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探讨不同降水年型下,耕作方式对冬小麦-休闲-春玉米轮作田土壤水分和作物产量的影响,为旱区粮田降雨高效利用与耕作制度创新提供理论支撑。【方法】于2007—2019年在渭北旱塬进行长期定位保护性耕作试验,以传统翻耕（CT）为对照,设置免耕（NT）和深松（ST）2种少耕耕作方式,分析不同降水年型下耕作方式对小麦-玉米轮作田休闲期土壤蓄墒、作物产量和水分利用效率的影响。【结果】（1）降水年型、耕作方式及其互作均显著影响休闲期末期土壤贮水量和休闲期蓄墒率,其中降水年型是休闲末期土壤贮水量和休闲期蓄墒率变化的主导因素。休闲末期0—200 cm土层土壤贮水量（mm）表现为丰水年型（430.6）>欠水年型（405.9）>平水年型（381.5）;NT（417.4）>ST（402.3）>CT（398.2）;丰水年型NT处理休闲末期0—200 cm土层土壤贮水量最高（438.5）,平水年型ST处理最低（370.2）;休闲期蓄墒率（%）表现为丰水年型（27.1）>欠水年型（26.6）>平水年型（25.1）;NT（27.6）>ST（26.4）>CT（25.8）;欠水年型NT处理土壤蓄墒率最高（29.1）,平水年型CT处理土壤蓄墒率最低（25.0）。（2）降水年型、耕作方式及其互作均显著影响冬小麦产量和水分利用效率（WUE）,其中耕作方式是冬小麦产量（kg∙hm^-2）和WUE（kg∙hm^-2∙mm^-1）变化的主导因素。冬小麦产量表现为丰水年型（4985）>欠水年型（3984）;NT（4522）>ST（4468）>CT（4465）;丰水年型NT处理产量最高（5033）,欠水年型ST处理最低（3957）;冬小麦WUE表现为丰水年型（15.4）>欠水年型（14.9）;NT（16.2）>ST（15.4）>CT（14.0）;丰水年型NT处理WUE最高（16.5）,欠水年型CT处理最低（13.9）。（3）降水年型、耕作方式及其互作均显著影响春玉米产量和水分利用效率（WUE）,其中降水年型是春玉米产量（kg∙hm^-2）和WUE（kg∙hm^-2∙mm^-1）变化的主导因素。春玉米产量表现为丰水年型（7677）>欠水年型（6999）>平水年型（5887）;NT（6900）>ST（6879）>CT（6785）;丰水年型ST处理产量最高（8003）,平水年型ST处理最低（5723）;春玉米WUE表现为丰水年型（18.7）>欠水年型（17.5）>平水年型（14.8）;NT（17.8）>ST（17.0）>CT（16.2）;丰水年型ST处理WUE最高（19.3）,平水年型CT处理最低（13.9）。（4）在冬小麦-休闲-春玉米轮作周期中,耕作方式显著影响作物产量和WUE。其中NT处理多年平均产量和WUE分别较CT处理提高1.6%和9.5%,ST处理多年平均产量和WUE分别较CT处理提高1.2%和3.9%。【结论】综合各降水年型下土壤水分与作物产量得出,保护性耕作可以相对高效地实现保水增产目的,其中以免耕处理蓄水与增产效应最佳。从旱作农田高产高效及长期可持续发展的角度综合考虑,推荐免耕作为黄土高原地区实现蓄水保墒及增产增收目的的耕作方式。

关键词: 渭北旱塬, 降水年型, 保护性耕作, 水分, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 In this paper, the effects of tillage practices on soil moisture and crop yield in winter wheat-fallow-spring maize rotation fields under different rainfall patterns were studied, so as to provide the theoretical support for the efficient use of rainfall and innovation of tillage systems in dryland region.【Method】 In 2007-2019, a long-term consecutive in-situ conservation tillage experiment was conducted in the Weibei Upland Plateau. Two conservation tillage practices were set, including no-tillage (NT) and subsoiling (ST), using conventional tillage (CT) as a control. Then, the effects of different tillage methods on soil moisture storage, yield and water use efficiency during the fallow and growth periods under different rainfall patterns were analyzed. 【Result】(1) The rainfall pattern and tillage practice as well as their interactions all significantly affected the soil water storage at the end of the fallow period and moisture storage rate, with rainfall pattern as the dominant factor. The soil water storage (mm) in the 0-200 cm soil layer at the end of fallow period values decreased in the following order: humid year (430.6) > dry year (405.9) > normal year (381.5); NT (417.4) > ST (402.3) > CT (398.2); The soil water storage in the 0-200 cm soil layer at the end of fallow period was the highest in the humid year under NT treatment (438.5) and the lowest in the normal year under ST treatment (370.2). The moisture storage rate (%) during the fallow period values decreased in the following order: humid year (27.1) > dry year (26.6) > normal year (25.1); NT (27.6) > ST (26.4) > CT (25.8); NT in the dry year had the highest moisture storage rate (29.1) and CT in the normal year had the lowest moisture storage rate (25.0). (2) The rainfall pattern and tillage practice as well as their interactions all significantly affected yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in winter wheat, of which the influence of tillage practice was the most significant factor of winter wheat yield (kg∙hm^-2) and WUE (kg∙hm^-2∙mm^-1). The winter wheat yield values decreased in the following order: humid year (4985) > dry year (3984); NT (4522) > ST (4468) > CT (4465); The winter wheat yield was the highest in the humid year under NT treatment (5033) and the lowest in the dry year under ST treatment (3957). The winter wheat WUE values decreased in the following order: humid year (15.4) > dry year (14.9); NT (16.2) > ST (15.4) > CT (14.0); The winter wheat WUE was the highest in the humid year under NT treatment (16.5) and the lowest in the dry year under CT treatment (13.9). (3) The rainfall pattern and tillage practice as well as their interactions all significantly affected yield and WUE in spring maize, of which the influence of rainfall pattern was the most significant factor of spring maize yield and WUE. The spring maize yield values (kg∙hm^-2) decreased in the following order: humid year (7677) > dry year (6999) > normal year (5887); NT (6900) > ST (6879) > CT (6785); The spring maize yield was the highest in the humid year under ST treatment (8003) and the lowest in the normal year under ST treatment (5723). The spring maize WUE values (kg∙hm^-2∙mm^-1) decreased in the following order: humid year (18.7) > dry year (17.5) > normal year (14.8); NT (17.8) > ST (17.0) > CT (16.2); The spring maize WUE was the highest in the humid year under NT treatment (19.3) and the lowest in the normal year under CT treatment (13.9). (4) In the winter wheat-fallow-spring maize rotation cycle, the tillage practice significantly affected the crop yield and WUE. The mean yield and WUE under NT and ST were 1.6%, 1.2% and 9.5%, 3.9% higher than that under CT treatment, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Integrating soil moisture and crop yield under each rainfall pattern, conservation tillage could achieve water conservation and yield increase relatively efficiently, among which the effects of water storage and yield of no-tillage were better. Based on the high yield, high efficiency and long-term sustainable development of upland plateau, no-tillage was recommended to realize the aim of water storage, soil water conservation, yield and income increased in Loess Plateau region.

Key words: Weibei Upland Plateau, rainfall pattern, conservation tillage, moisture, yield

郭星宇,王浩,于琦,王瑞,王小利,李军. 耕作对渭北旱塬小麦-玉米轮作田土壤水分和产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(14): 2977-2990.

GUO XingYu,WANG Hao,YU Qi,WANG Rui,WANG XiaoLi,LI Jun. Effects of Tillage on Soil Moisture and Yield of Wheat-Maize Rotation Field in Weibei Upland Plateau[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(14): 2977-2990.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.14.005

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2021/V54/I14/2977

图/表 9

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表2

表3

表4

参考文献 33

[1]	薛晓辉, 郝明德, 李丽霞, 史培, 王缠军, 何晓雁. 渭北旱塬不同覆盖方式对小麦产量及农艺性状的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2012, 30(5):37-40.
	XUE X H, HAO M D, LI L X, SHI P, WANG C J, HE X Y. Effect of different covering methods on wheat yield and agronomic characters in Weibei highland. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2012, 30(5):37-40. (in Chinese)
[2]	徐宗贵, 孙磊, 王浩, 王淑兰, 王小利, 李军. 种植密度对旱地不同株型春玉米品种光合特性与产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(13):2463-2475.
	XU Z G, SUN L, WANG H, WANG S L, WANG X L, LI J. Effects of different planting densities on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of different variety types of spring maize on dryland. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(13):2463-2475. (in Chinese)
[3]	刘廷, 田霄鸿, 陈辉林, 李锦, 游东海, 王朝辉. 垄沟栽培模式对渭北旱塬区土壤水热状况及冬小麦生长的影响. 西北农业学报, 2012, 21(5):71-78.
	LIU T, TIAN X H, CHEN H L, LI J, YOU D H, WANG C H. Effect of ridge-furrow cultivation pattern on soil hydro-thermal condition and winter wheat development in Weibei Highland. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 2012, 21(5):71-78. (in Chinese)
[4]	王琦明, 胡发龙, 柴强. 保护性耕作对小麦/玉米间作系统生产效率和可持续性的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2019, 27(9):1344-1353.
	WANG Q M, HU F L, CHAI Q. Effect of conservation tillage on natural resources utilization efficiency and sustainability of integrated wheat-maize intercropping system. Chinese Journal of Eco- Agriculture, 2019, 27(9):1344-1353. (in Chinese)
[5]	王钧, 李广, 刘强. 基于LSTM神经网络模拟的陇中黄土高原沟壑区保护性耕作下土壤贮水量变化. 中国生态农业学报, 2019, 27(8):1226-1237.
	WANG J, LI G, LIU Q. Soil water storage under conservation tillage based on LSTM neural network simulation in the Loess Plateau Gully Region of central Gansu. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2019, 27(8):1226-1237. (in Chinese)
[6]	王明英, 翟丙年, 金忠宇, 冯梦龙, 贾亮, 赵粉萍, 党松茂. 水肥优化管理对渭北旱塬冬小麦生长发育及产量的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2013, 33(4):705-710.
	WANG M Y, ZHAI B N, JIN Z Y, FENG M L, JIA L, ZHAO F P, DANG S M. Effects of optimized water and fertilizer management on the growth and yield of winter wheat in Weibei dryland. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2013, 33(4):705-710. (in Chinese)
[7]	李玲玲, 黄高宝, 张仁陟, 晋小军, LI G D, CHAN K Y. 不同保护性耕作措施对旱作农田土壤水分的影响. 生态学报, 2005, 25(9):2326-2332.
	LI L L, HUANG G B, ZHANG R Z, JIN X J, LI G D, CHAN K Y. Effects of conservation tillage on soil water regimes in rainfed areas. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(9):2326-2332. (in Chinese)
[8]	李友军, 黄明, 吴金芝, 姚宇卿, 吕军杰. 不同耕作方式对豫西旱区坡耕地水肥利用与流失的影响. 水土保持学报, 2006, 20(2):42-45, 101.
	LI Y J, HUANG M, WU J Z, YAO Y Q, LÜ J J. Effects of different tillage on utilization and run-off of water and nutrient in sloping farmland of Yuxi dryland area. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006, 20(2):42-45, 101. (in Chinese)
[9]	张贵云, 吕贝贝, 张丽萍, 刘珍, 范巧兰, 魏明峰, 姚众, 袁嘉玮, 柴跃进. 黄土高原旱地麦田26年免耕覆盖对土壤肥力及原核微生物群落多样性的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2019, 27(3):358-368.
	ZHANG G Y, LÜ B B, ZHANG L P, LIU Z, FAN Q L, WEI M F, YAO Z, YUAN J W, CHAI Y J. Effect of long-term no-tillage with stubble on soil fertility and diversity of prokaryotic microbiome in dryland wheat soils on the Loess Plateau, China. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2019, 27(3):358-368. (in Chinese)
[10]	KAN Z R, LIU Q Y, HE C, JING Z H, LATIF V, QI J Y, ZHAO X, ZHANG H L. Responses of grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat to tillage in the North China Plain. Field Crops Research, 2020, 249:107760. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2020.107760
[11]	滕浪, 何腾兵, 曾庆庆, 林署云, 韦小了, 张佩, 李坦东, 王立国. 不同耕作方式对旱地黄壤理化性质及玉米产量的影响. 贵州农业科学, 2019, 47(10):33-38.
	TENG L, HE T B, ZENG Q Q, LIN S Y, WEI X L, ZHANG P, LI T D, WANG L G. Effects of different tillage methods on the physico-chemical characters of yellow soil in dry land and maize yield. Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 47(10):33-38. (in Chinese)
[12]	罗珠珠, 蔡立群, 李玲玲, 牛伊宁, 张仁陟, 谢军红. 长期保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地土壤养分和作物产量的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2015, 33(3):171-176.
	LUO Z Z, CAI L Q, LI L L, NIU Y N, ZHANG R Z, XIE J H. Long-term effects of tillage system on soil nutrients and grain yields in rainfed area of Loess Plateau. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2015, 33(3):171-176. (in Chinese)
[13]	NIELSEN D C, UNGER P W, MILLER P R. Efficient water use in dryland cropping systems in the great plains. Agronomy Journal, 2005, 97(2):364-372. doi: 10.2134/agronj2005.0364
[14]	WANG S L, WANG H, ZHANG Y H, WANG R, ZHANG Y J, XU Z G, JIA G C, WANG X L, LI J. The influence of rotational tillage on soil water storage, water use efficiency and maize yield in semi-arid areas under varied rainfall conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 2018, 203:376-384. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.03.007
[15]	胡定宇, 施卫省, 王锡信. 渭北旱原土壤水分状况与小麦生长的关系. 干旱地区农业研究, 1989(2):52-60.
	HU D Y, SHI W S, WANG X X. Soil moisture regime and its relation with wheat growth on Weibei Rainfed Highland. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 1989(2):52-60. (in Chinese)
[16]	于琦, 李军, 周栋, 王淑兰, 王浩, 李敖, 张元红, 宁芳, 王小利, 王瑞. 不同降水年型黄土旱塬冬小麦免耕与深松轮耕蓄墒增收效应. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(11):1870-1882.
	YU Q, LI J, ZHOU D, WANG S L, WANG H, LI A, ZHANG Y H, NING F, WANG X L, WANG R. Effects of no-tillage/subsoiling rotational tillage system on increasing soil water storage and crop yield under different precipitation patterns of winter wheat in the Loess Plateau. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(11):1870-1882. (in Chinese)
[17]	刘文涛, 安振, 张梦坤, 朱树伟, 李耕, 高天平, 刘振, 宁堂原. 喷灌条件下耕作方式对土壤水分均匀性与冬小麦水分利用效率的影响. 水土保持学报, 2020, 34(3):282-290.
	LIU W T, AN Z, ZHANG M K, ZHU S W, LI G, GAO T P, LIU Z, NING T Y. Effects of tillage methods on soil moisture uniformity and water use efficiency of winter wheat under sprinkler irrigation. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2020, 34(3):282-290. (in Chinese)
[18]	柏炜霞, 李军, 王玉玲, 王丽. 渭北旱塬小麦玉米轮作区不同耕作方式对土壤水分和作物产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(5):880-894.
	BAI W X, LI J, WANG Y L, WANG L. Effects of different tillage methods on soil water and crop yield of winter wheat-spring maize rotation region in Weibei Highland. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(5):880-894. (in Chinese)
[19]	王浩, 王淑兰, 徐宗贵, 李军. 耕作与施肥对旱地玉米田土壤耗水量和水分利用效率的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2017, 25(6):856-864.
	WANG H, WANG S L, XU Z G, LI J. Effect of tillage and fertilization on water use efficiency of maize in dryland conditions. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2017, 25(6):856-864. (in Chinese)
[20]	侯贤清, 韩清芳, 贾志宽, 李永平, 杨宝平. 半干旱区夏闲期不同耕作方式对土壤水分及小麦水分利用效率的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2009, 27(5):52-58.
	HOU X Q, HAN Q F, JIA Z K, LI Y P, YANG B P. Effects of different tillage practices in summer fallow period on soil water and crop water use efficiency in semi-arid areas. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2009, 27(5):52-58. (in Chinese)
[21]	李婧妤, 李倩, 武雪萍, 吴会军, 宋霄君, 张永清, 刘晓彤, 丁维婷, 张孟妮, 郑凤君. 免耕对农田土壤持水特性和有机碳储量影响的区域差异. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(18):3729-3740.
	LI J Y, LI Q, WU X P, WU H J, SONG X J, ZHANG Y Q, LIU X T, DING W T, ZHANG M N, ZHENG F J. Regional variation in the effects of no-till on soil water retention and organic carbon pool. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(18):3729-3740. (in Chinese)
[22]	张玉娇, 王浩, 王淑兰, 王瑞, 李军, 王小利. 小麦/玉米轮作旱地长期轮耕的保墒增产效应. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(12):126-136.
	ZHANG Y J, WANG H, WANG S L, WANG R, LI J, WANG X L. Soil moisture preservation and improving of crop yield in dry land under long-term wheat/maize rotation. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2018, 34(12):126-136. (in Chinese)
[23]	付国占, 李潮海, 王俊忠, 王振林, 曹鸿鸣, 焦念元, 陈明灿. 残茬覆盖与耕作方式对土壤性状及夏玉米水分利用效率的影响. 农业工程学报, 2005, 21(1):52-56.
	FU G Z, LI C H, WANG J Z, WANG Z L, CAO H M, JIAO N Y, CHEN M C. Effects of stubble mulch and tillage managements on soil physical properties and water use efficiency of summer maize. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2005, 21(1):52-56. (in Chinese)
[24]	李娟, 李军, 尚金霞, 贾志宽. 轮耕对渭北旱塬春玉米田土壤理化性状和产量的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2012, 20(7):867-873. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2012.00867
	LI J, LI J, SHANG J X, JIA Z K. Effects of rotational tillage on soil physiochemical properties and spring maize yield in Weibei Highlands. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2012, 20(7):867-873. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1011.2012.00867
[25]	白鑫, 廖劲杨, 胡红, 刘祥, 许乙山, 鄢祺迅, 黄铄. 保护性耕作对水土保持的影响. 农业工程, 2020, 10(8):76-82.
	BAI X, LIAO J Y, HU H, LIU X, XU Y S, YAN Q X, HUANG S. Effects of conservation tillage on soil and water conservation. Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 10(8):76-82. (in Chinese)
[26]	黄高宝, 郭清毅, 张仁陟, 逄蕾, LI G D, CHAN K Y, 于爱忠. 保护性耕作条件下旱地农田麦豆双序列轮作体系的水分动态及产量效应. 生态学报, 2006, 26(4):1176-1185.
	HUANG G B, GUO Q Y, ZHANG R Z, PANG L, LI G D, CHAN K Y, YU A Z. Effects of conservation tillage on soil moisture and crop yield in a phased rotation system with spring wheat and field pea in dryland. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(4):1176-1185. (in Chinese)
[27]	蔡立群, 罗珠珠, 张仁陟, 黄高宝, 李玲玲, 谢军红. 不同耕作措施对旱地农田土壤水分保持及入渗性能的影响研究. 中国沙漠, 2012, 32(5):1362-1368.
	CAI L Q, LUO Z Z, ZHANG R Z, HUANG G B, LI L L, XIE J H. Effect of different tillage methods on soil water retention and infiltration capability of rainfed field. Journal of Desert Research, 2012, 32(5):1362-1368. (in Chinese)
[28]	高艳梅, 孙敏, 高志强, 崔凯, 赵红梅, 杨珍平, 郝兴宇. 不同降水年型旱地小麦覆盖对产量及水分利用效率的影响. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(18):3589-3599.
	GAO Y M, SUN M, GAO Z Q, CUI K, ZHAO H M, YANG Z P, HAO X Y. Effects of mulching on grain yield and water use efficiency of dryland wheat in different rainfall years. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(18):3589-3599. (in Chinese)
[29]	丁晋利, 魏红义, 杨永辉, 张洁梅, 武继承. 保护性耕作对农田土壤水分和冬小麦产量的影响. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(8):2501-2508.
	DING J L, WEI H Y, YANG Y H, ZHANG J M, WU J C. Effects of conservation tillage on soil water condition and winter wheat yield in farmland. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(8):2501-2508. (in Chinese)
[30]	谢军红, 张仁陟, 李玲玲, 罗珠珠, 蔡立群, 柴强. 耕作方法对黄土高原旱作玉米产量和土壤水温特性的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2015, 23(11):1384-1393.
	XIE J H, ZHANG R Z, LI L L, LUO Z Z, CAI L Q, CHAI Q. Effect of different tillage practice on rain-fed maize yield and soil water/ temperature characteristics in the Loess Plateau. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2015, 23(11):1384-1393. (in Chinese)
[31]	秦红灵, 高旺盛, 马月存, 马丽, 尹春梅. 两年免耕后深松对土壤水分的影响. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41(1):78-85.
	QIN H L, GAO W S, MA Y C, MA L, YIN C M. Effects of subsoiling on soil moisture under no-tillage 2 years later. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2008, 41(1):78-85. (in Chinese)
[32]	CHU P F, ZHANG Y L, YU Z W, GUO Z J, SHI Y. Winter wheat grain yield, water use, biomass accumulation and remobilisation under tillage in the North China Plain. Field Crops Research, 2016, 104(2):278-284.
[33]	孙敏, 温斐斐, 高志强, 任爱霞, 邓妍, 赵维峰, 赵红梅, 杨珍平, 郝兴宇, 苗果园. 不同降水年型旱地小麦休闲期耕作的蓄水增产效应. 作物学报, 2014, 40(8):1459-1469.
	SUN M, WEN F F, GAO Z Q, REN A X, DENG Y, ZHAO W F, ZHAO H M, YANG Z P, HAO X Y, MIAO G Y. Effects of farming practice during fallow period on soil water storage and yield of dryland wheat in different rainfall years. Acta Agriculturae Sinica. 2014, 40(8):1459-1469. (in Chinese)

年份 Year	轮作 Crop rotation	播种日期 Planting date (Y-M-D)	收获日期 Harvesting date (Y-M-D)	品种 Variety
2007-2008	冬小麦 Winter wheat	2007-09-20	2008-06-14	晋麦 47 Jinmai 47
2008-2009	休闲1 Fallow 1	2008-06-14—2009-04-19
2009	春玉米 Spring maize	2009-04-19	2009-09-21	豫玉 22 Yuyu 22
2009-2010	冬小麦 Winter wheat	2009-09-25	2010-06-22	晋麦 47 Jinmai 47
2010-2011	休闲2 Fallow 2	2010-06-22—2011-04-23
2011	春玉米 Spring maize	2011-04-23	2011-09-21	豫玉 22 Yuyu 22
2011-2012	冬小麦 Winter wheat	2011-09-26	2012-06-15	晋麦 47 Jinmai 47
2012-2013	休闲3 Fallow 3	2012-06-15—2013-04-24
2013	春玉米 Spring maize	2013-04-24	2013-09-18	豫玉 22 Yuyu 22
2013-2014	冬小麦 Winter wheat	2013-09-25	2014-06-17	晋麦 47 Jinmai 47
2014-2015	休闲4 Fallow 4	2014-06-17—2015-04-26
2015	春玉米 Spring maize	2015-04-26	2015-09-20	郑单958 Zhengdan 958
2015-2016	冬小麦 Winter wheat	2015-09-26	2016-06-18	长6359 Chang 6359
2016-2017	休闲5 Fallow 5	2016-06-18—2017-04-26
2017	春玉米 Spring maize	2017-04-26	2017-09-18	郑单958 Zhengdan 958
2017-2018	冬小麦 Winter wheat	2017-10-15	2018-06-16	长6359 Chang 6359
2018-2019	休闲6 Fallow 6	2018-06-16—2019-05-02
2019	春玉米 Spring maize	2019-05-02	2019-09-26	郑单958 Zhengdan 958

影响因子 Factor		耗水量 ET (mm)	产量 Yield (kg∙hm^-2)	水分利用效率 WUE (kg∙hm^-2∙mm^-1)
降水年型 Rainfall type	H	324.9a	4985a	15.4a
降水年型 Rainfall type	D	267.9b	3984b	14.9a
F值检验 F value test		28130.932**	311.566**	4605.515**
耕作方式 Tillage practice	NT	279.3c	4522a	16.2a
	ST	291.0b	4468b	15.4a
	CT	319.0a	4465b	14.0b
F值检验 F value test		164136.138**	220992.587**	31408.451**
丰水年型 Humid year	NT	305.0b	5033a	16.5a
	ST	319.1b	4978a	15.6a
	CT	350.6a	4944a	14.1b
欠水年型 Dry year	NT	253.5b	4011a	15.8a
	ST	262.9b	3957a	15.1ab
	CT	287.4a	3986a	13.9b
F值检验 F value test		576.798**	98.552**	336.738**

影响因子 Factor		耗水量 ET (mm)	产量 Yield (kg∙hm^-2)	水分利用效率 WUE (kg∙hm^-2∙mm^-1)
降水年型 Rainfall type	N	398.6b	5887c	14.8c
	H	411.3a	7677a	18.7a
	D	401.2b	6999b	17.5b
F值检验 F value test		154000.459**	707.055**	119754.339**
耕作方式 Tillage practice	NT	387.8b	6900a	17.8a
	ST	403.8ab	6879a	17.0a
	CT	419.6a	6785a	16.2b
F值检验 F value test		2276.719**	3247.531**	16076.113**
平水年型 Normal year	NT	388.6b	6025a	15.5a
	ST	380.6b	5723b	15.0a
	CT	426.7a	5913a	13.9b
丰水年型 Humid year	NT	399.6b	7469b	18.7ab
	ST	414.9a	8003a	19.3a
	CT	419.4a	7560b	18.0b
欠水年型 Dry year	NT	375.1b	7205a	19.2a
	ST	416.0a	6912ab	16.6b
	CT	412.6a	6881b	16.7b
F值检验 F value test		401.884**	426.440**	4849.037**

	处理Treatments	周期1 Cycle 1	周期2 Cycle 2	周期3 Cycle 3	周期4 Cycle 4	周期5 Cycle 5	周期6 Cycle 6	平均值 Mean
耗水量 ET (mm)	NT	824.2c	676.8b	806.6c	562.1c	662.1b	609.0b	690.1c
	ST	856.1b	700.9a	826.8b	622.0a	658.8b	678.7a	723.9b
	CT	888.8a	717.0a	869.7a	607.4b	725.3a	671.6a	746.6a
产量 Yield (kg∙hm^-2)	NT	13239b	11113b	13339a	14989a	11022a	6830a	11755a
	ST	13848a	11754a	13218a	14350b	10652b	6467c	11715a
	CT	13390b	11196b	12958a	14437b	10769b	6673b	11571b
WUE (kg∙hm^-2∙mm^-1)	NT	16.1a	16.4a	16.0a	26.7a	16.6a	11.2a	17.2a
	ST	16.2a	16.8a	16.0a	23.1b	16.2a	9.5b	16.3a
	CT	15.1b	15.6a	14.9b	23.8b	14.8b	9.9b	15.7b