长期秸秆配施化肥下土壤团聚体碳氮分布、微生物量与小麦产量的协同效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.08.007

中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (8): 1503-1514.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.08.007

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

长期秸秆配施化肥下土壤团聚体碳氮分布、微生物量与小麦产量的协同效应

韩紫璇¹(), 房静静²(), 武雪萍¹(), 姜宇³(), 宋霄君¹, 刘晓彤¹

¹ 北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室(中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京 100081)
² 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院，北京 100048
³ 黑龙江省农业科学院/黑河分院国家土壤质量爱辉观测试验站，黑龙江黑河 164300

收稿日期:2022-03-24 接受日期:2022-04-19 出版日期:2023-04-16 发布日期:2023-04-23
联系方式: 韩紫璇，E-mail：18811799202@163.com。房静静，E-mail：837430785@qq.com。韩紫璇与房静静为同等贡献作者。
基金资助:
中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ZDRW202202); 国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200408); 国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300804); 国家科技支撑计划(2015BAD22B03)

Synergistic Effects of Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Content in Water-Stable Aggregates as well as Microbial Biomass on Crop Yield Under Long-Term Straw Combined Chemical Fertilizers Application

HAN ZiXuan¹(), FANG JingJing²(), WU XuePing¹(), JIANG Yu³(), SONG XiaoJun¹, LIU XiaoTong¹

¹ State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China (the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
² College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048
³ Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Heihe Branch National Soil Quality Aihui Observation and Testing Station, Heihe 164300, Heilongjiang

Received:2022-03-24 Accepted:2022-04-19 Published:2023-04-16 Online:2023-04-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究秸秆配施化肥对暗棕壤团聚体组成、团聚体碳氮含量、土壤微生物量特征及小麦产量的影响，揭示长期秸秆配施化肥下土壤肥力和生产力的协同提升机制。【方法】依托长期定位40年施肥试验，选取4个处理：单施化肥（NP）、秸秆配施化肥（S+NP）、秸秆配施1/2化肥（S+1/2NP）、秸秆配施1/4化肥（S+1/4NP），其中秸秆为麦秸隔年还田，用量为3 000 kg·hm^-2，氮磷化肥用量为150 kg N·hm^-2、150 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2。采集0—20 cm土层土样，利用湿筛法得到不同粒级的水稳性团聚体，测定团聚体中有机碳（SOC）、氮含量及土壤微生物量碳（SMBC）、微生物量氮（SMBN）含量。【结果】（1）长期秸秆配施化肥显著降低土壤容重并提高了团聚体稳定性，和NP相比，S+NP处理土壤容重降低4.7%，>2 mm团聚体含量、平均重量直径（MWD）和几何重量直径（GWD）分别提升254.4%、76.5%和91.3%。（2）S+NP、S+1/2NP处理>2 mm团聚体百分含量、MWD和GWD显著高于S+1/4NP，分别增加了49.1%—52.4%，19.43%—22.4% 和24.2%—33.3%。（3）S+NP、S+1/2NP、S+1/4NP和NP相比增加了>2 mm和>0.25 mm团聚体对土壤有机碳、全氮贡献率，并显著提高全土SOC、SMBC和SMBN含量；其中，SOC含量在S+NP中最高，比S+1/2NP、S+1/4NP高6.3%和12.6%。（4）产量表现为S+NP>NP>S+1/2NP>S+1/4NP处理，S+NP比减施化肥处理提高小麦产量28.6%—47.5%。（5）土壤团聚体稳定性、SOC含量及小麦产量之间有较好的相关性，>2 mm和>0.25 mm团聚体含量、MWD和GWD分别与全土SOC含量及小麦产量呈显著或极显著正相关。【结论】暗棕壤地区在长期秸秆还田条件下，配施化肥量150 kg N·hm^-2、150 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2时能提高土壤团聚体稳定性、有机碳含量、微生物生物量和小麦产量，最大化实现土壤结构改良、肥力提升和作物增产的协同效应。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 化肥, 暗棕壤, 水稳性团聚体, 碳氮含量, 微生物生物量, 小麦产量

Abstract:

【Objective】The effects of long-term straw combined application of chemical fertilizers on the content of aggregates, distributions of aggregate-associated organic carbon and nitrogen, and soil microbial biomass were studied to reveal the promotion of soil fertility and productivity. 【Method】Soil samples were collected from a 40-year long-term experiment. The research was conducted with 4 treatments: pure chemical fertilizer (NP), straw with chemical fertilizer (S+NP), straw with 1/2 chemical fertilizer (S+1/2NP), and straw with 1/4 chemical fertilizer (S+1/4NP), and the straw was returned with the amount of 3 000 kg·hm^-2, chemical fertilizer NP was pure N 150 kg·hm^-2 and P₂O₅ 150 kg·hm^-2 conducted. All soils samples were separated into four aggregate-size classes (>2 mm, 0.25-2 mm, 0.053-0.25 mm, and <0.053 mm) by wet sieving. Organic carbon and total nitrogen content of aggregates and soil microbial biomass content were measured. 【Result】(1) Long-term application of chemical fertilizers with straw reduced soil bulk density, while improved the stability of aggregates. Compared with NP, the bulk density of S+NP decreased by 4.7%, while the proportion of aggregates >2 mm in size, the average weight diameter (MWD) and geometric weight diameter (GWD) increased by 254.4%, 76.5% and 91.3%, respectively. (2) In the three chemical fertilizers combined with straw return, the percentage of aggregates >2 mm, MWD and GWD under S+NP and S+1/2NP were significantly increased by 49.1%-52.4%, 19.43%-22.4% and 24.2%-33.3%, compared with S+1/4NP, respectively. (3) Compared with NP, S+NP, S+1/2NP and S+1/4NP increased the contribution rate of aggregates >2 mm and >0.25 mm to SOC and total nitrogen, and significantly improved the SOC, SMBC and SMBN content in bulk soil. Among them, the SOC content was the highest under S+NP, which was 6.3% and 12.6% higher than that under S+1/2NP and S+1/4NP, respectively. (4) The yield was showed that S+NP>NP>S+1/2NP>S+1/4NP, and S+NP increased wheat yield by 5.83%-83.6% compared with other treatments. (5) Positive correlation was revealed between soil aggregate stability, carbon and nitrogen content and crop yield, and >2 mm aggregate content, while MWD and GWD were significantly or extremely significant with the total soil SOC, SMBC content and wheat yield, respectively.【Conclusion】In the dark brown soil area, the long-term straw returning and fertilizer application of 150 kg N·hm^-2 and 150 kg P₂O₅·hm^-2could improve aggregate stability, soil organic carbon content, microbial biomass and yield, and achieve the synergistic effect of soil structure improvement, fertility improvement and crop yield increase.

Key words: straw returned, chemical fertilizer, dark brown soil, water-stable aggregates, carbon and nitrogen content, microbial biomass, wheat yield

韩紫璇, 房静静, 武雪萍, 姜宇, 宋霄君, 刘晓彤. 长期秸秆配施化肥下土壤团聚体碳氮分布、微生物量与小麦产量的协同效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(8): 1503-1514.

HAN ZiXuan, FANG JingJing, WU XuePing, JIANG Yu, SONG XiaoJun, LIU XiaoTong. Synergistic Effects of Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Content in Water-Stable Aggregates as well as Microbial Biomass on Crop Yield Under Long-Term Straw Combined Chemical Fertilizers Application[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(8): 1503-1514.

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处理 Treatment	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	团聚体质量百分比 Proportion of soil aggregates (%)				MWD (mm)	GWD (mm)
处理 Treatment	容重 Bulk density (g·cm^-3)	>2 mm	0.25-2 mm	0.053-0.25 mm	<0.053 mm	MWD (mm)	GWD (mm)
NP	1.34 ± 0.09 a	9.21 ± 0.23 c	52.79 ± 2.49 a	25.06 ± 1.84 a	12.94 ± 0.78 a	1.96 ± 0.07 c	0.46 ± 0.01 c
S+NP	1.28 ± 0.11 c	32.63 ± 1.43 a	45.95 ± 1.35 c	12.53 ± 1.04 c	8.89 ± 0.39 c	3.46 ± 0.09 a	0.88 ± 0.02 a
S+1/2NP	1.30 ± 0.08 b	33.32 ± 1.49 a	41.77 ± 2.35 d	14.05 ± 0.94 bc	10.86 ± 0.78 b	3.38 ± 0.09 a	0.82 ± 0.03 a
S+1/4NP	1.31 ± 0.10 b	21.87 ± 1.58 b	49.75 ± 3.49 b	16.33 ± 1.01 b	12.06 ± 1.04 a	2.83 ± 0.06 b	0.66 ± 0.01 b

处理 Treatment	SMBC (mg·kg^-1)	SMBN (mg·kg^-1)	SMBC/SMBN	SMBC/SOC (%)	小麦产量 Grain yield (t·hm^-2)
NP	178.21 ± 1.10 c	36.27 ± 0.71 c	4.91 ± 0.13 b	1.02 ± 0.13 c	2.87 ± 0.17 b
S+NP	365.34 ± 0.51 b	42.21 ± 0.34 b	8.66 ± 0.11 a	1.74 ± 0.12 b	2.97 ± 0.21 a
S+1/2NP	400.86 ± 0.92 b	46.41 ± 0.73 a	8.64 ± 0.16 a	2.04 ± 0.22 ab	2.12 ± 0.16 c
S+1/4NP	463.74 ± 1.21 a	46.54 ± 0.36 a	9.96 ± 0.18 a	2.46 ± 0.43 a	1.56 ± 0.09 d

长期秸秆配施化肥下土壤团聚体碳氮分布、微生物量与小麦产量的协同效应

Synergistic Effects of Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Content in Water-Stable Aggregates as well as Microbial Biomass on Crop Yield Under Long-Term Straw Combined Chemical Fertilizers Application

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