绿肥还田结合减量施氮对玉米干物质积累分配及产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.07.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析绿洲灌区玉米干物质积累分配特征及籽粒产量对绿肥还田结合减量施氮的响应，以期为该区域发展高产、高效玉米生产技术提供理论依据。【方法】田间试验于2020―2021年在甘肃河西绿洲灌区进行，研究绿肥还田结合不同的减氮比例（绿肥还田结合减量施氮0%，N100；绿肥还田结合减量施氮10%，N90；绿肥还田结合减量施氮20%，N80；绿肥还田结合减量施氮30%，N70；绿肥还田结合减量施氮40%，N60）对玉米干物质积累分配及产量的影响。【结果】拔节期后N80和N90处理地上干物质积累量显著高于N70和N60处理，至成熟期N80处理较N70和N60处理提高了13.3%—23.2%，N90处理较N70和N60处理提高了13.9%—23.7%，N100、N90、N80处理间无显著差异；N80处理较N70和N60处理玉米地上干物质最大增长速率和平均增长速率显著提高了9.5%—21.2%、13.0%—23.2%，N90处理较N70和N60处理显著提高了10.2%—21.8%、13.9%—23.7%，二者均有效延缓了吐丝期至灌浆期玉米地上干物质积累速率的降低，而且N80处理较N70和N60处理干物质最大增长速率出现的天数提前了2.44和2.77 d，N90处理较N70和N60处理提前了1.92和2.3 d；在成熟期，N80和N90处理较N70和N60处理促进了玉米穗部干物质分配，有效提高了花前干物质转运对籽粒干物质积累贡献率，同时N80处理花后干物质积累量较N70和N60处理分别提高12.2%和20.4%，N90处理较N70和N60处理分别提高12.4%和20.5%，差异显著。N100、N90、N80处理间玉米籽粒产量无显著差异，但N80处理玉米籽粒产量较N70和N60处理分别增加16.8%和27.4%，N90处理较N70和N60处理分别提高17.4%和27.9%，差异显著。【结论】豆科绿肥还田结合减量施氮10%和20%处理增加了玉米地上干物质积累量和积累速率，促进了成熟期穗部干物质的分配，提高了花前干物质转运对籽粒干物质积累贡献率，可作为绿洲灌区获得玉米高产的推荐施氮方式。

关键词: 绿肥, 氮肥, 干物质积累, 干物质分配, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 In order to provide the theoretical basis for the development of high-yield and high-efficiency maize production technology in this area, the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and distribution and the response of grain yield to the return of green manure to the field combined with nitrogen reduction were analyzed in the oasis irrigation area. 【Method】 The field experiment was carried out in Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area, Gansu Province from 2020 to 2021. The combination of green manure returning to the field and different nitrogen reduction ratios (green manure combined with nitrogen reduction 0%, N100; green manure combined with nitrogen reduction 10%, N90; green manure combined with nitrogen reduction 20%, N80; green manure combined with nitrogen reduction 30%, N70; green manure combined with nitrogen reduction 40%, N60) on the distribution of dry matter accumulation in maize and impact on production. 【Result】 After the jointing stage, the aboveground dry matter accumulation under N80 and N90 treatments was significantly higher than that of N70 and N60 treatments. At the mature stage, the aboveground dry matter accumulation under N80 increased by 13.3%-23.2% compared with N70 and N60 treatments, and N90 was higher than N70 and N60 treatments. Compared with the N70 and N60 treatments, the maximum growth rate and average growth rate of the aboveground dry matter under N80 were significantly increased by 9.5%-21.2% and 13.0%-23.2%, respectively; N90 significantly increased by 10.2%-21.8% and 13.9%-23.7% compared with N70 and N60 treatments, both of which effectively delayed the decrease of aboveground dry matter accumulation rate of maize from silking stage to grain filling stage. Compared with N70 and N60, the maximum growth rate of dry matter under N80 treatment was 2.44 d and 2.77 d earlier than that under N70 and N60, respectively, and N90 was 1.92 d and 2.3 d earlier than the N70 and N60 treatments, respectively. N80 and N90 promoted the distribution of dry matter in the ears of maize, and effectively increased the contribution rate of dry matter transport before flowering to grain dry matter accumulation. At the same time, the post-flowering dry matter accumulation under N80 increased by 12.2% and 20.4% compared with N70 and N60 treatments, respectively. Compared with the N70 and N60 treatments, the post-flowering dry matter accumulation under N90 was increased by 12.4% and 20.5%, respectively, and the difference was significant. There was no significant difference in maize grain yield among N100, N90, and N80 treatments, but the maize grain yield under N80 increased by 16.8% and 27.4%, respectively. Compared with N70 and N60 treatments, the yield under N90 treatment increased by 17.4% and 27.9%, respectively, with significant differences. 【Conclusion】 The return of leguminous green manure to the field combined with 10% and 20% nitrogen reduction treatments increased the aboveground dry matter accumulation and accumulation rate of maize, promoted the distribution of dry matter in the ears at maturity, and improved the pre-flowering dry matter transport on grain dry matter. The cumulative contribution rate could be used as the recommended nitrogen application method for high maize yield in oasis irrigated areas.

Key words: green manure, nitrogen fertilizer, dry matter accumulation, dry matter distribution, yield

王鹏飞, 于爱忠, 王玉珑, 苏向向, 李悦, 吕汉强, 柴健, 杨宏伟. 绿肥还田结合减量施氮对玉米干物质积累分配及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(7): 1283-1294.

WANG PengFei, YU AiZhong, WANG YuLong, SU XiangXiang, LI Yue, LÜ HanQiang, CHAI Jian, YANG HongWei. Effects of Returning Green Manure to Field Combined with Reducing Nitrogen Application on the Dry Matter Accumulation, Distribution and Yield of Maize[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(7): 1283-1294.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.07.007

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2023/V56/I7/1283

图/表 7

表1

图1

图2

表2

图3

表3

图4

参考文献 41

[1]	盖霞普, 刘宏斌, 翟丽梅, 杨波, 任天志, 王洪媛, 武淑霞, 雷秋良. 长期增施有机肥/秸秆还田对土壤氮素淋失风险的影响. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(12): 2336-2347. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.12.010
	GAI X P, LIU H B, ZHAI L M, YANG B, REN T Z, WANG H Y, WU S X, LEI Q L. Effects of long-term additional application of organic manure or straw incorporation on soil nitrogen leaching risk. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(12): 2336-2347. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.12.010
[2]	PAOLO E D, RINALDI M. Yield response of corn to irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in a Mediterranean environment. Field Crops Research, 2008, 105(3): 202-210. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2007.10.004
[3]	梁元振, 仝利朋, 吴德亮, 郭乾坤, 徐凤花, 赵京考. 有机无机肥配施对土壤硝态氮、玉米产量和氮素利用率的影响. 玉米科学, 2017, 25(4): 111-116.
	LIANG Y Z, HANG L P, WU D L, GUO Q K, XU F H, ZHAO J K. Effects of organic manure combined with inorganic fertilizer on soil nitrate, maize yield and N use efficiency. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2017, 25(4): 111-116. (in Chinese)
[4]	雒文鹤, 师祖姣, 王旭敏, 李军, 王瑞. 节水减氮对土壤硝态氮分布和冬小麦水氮利用效率的影响. 作物学报, 2020, 46(6): 924-936. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.91060
	LUO W H, SHI Z J, WANG X M, LI J, WANG R. Effects of water saving and nitrogen reduction on soil nitrate nitrogen distribution, water and nitrogen use efficiencies of winter wheat. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(6): 924-936. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2020.91060
[5]	陈磊, 宋书会, 云鹏, 周磊, 高翔, 卢昌艾, 刘荣乐, 汪洪. 连续三年减施氮肥对潮土玉米生长及根际土壤氮素供应的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(9): 1482-1494.
	CHEN L, SONG S H, YUN P, ZHOU L, GAO X, LU C A, LIU R L, WANG H. Effects of reduced nitrogen fertilizer for three consecutive years on maize growth and rhizosphere nitrogen supply in fluvo-aquic soil. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2019, 25(9): 1482-1494. (in Chinese)
[6]	杨曾平, 高菊生, 郑圣先, 聂军, 徐明岗, 谢坚, 廖育林. 长期冬种绿肥对红壤性水稻土微生物特性及酶活性的影响. 土壤, 2011, 43(4): 576-583.
	YANG Z P, GAO J S, ZHENG S X, NIE J, XU M G, XIE J, LIAO Y L. Effects of long-term winter planting-green manure on microbial properties and enzyme activities in reddish paddy soil. Soils, 2011, 43(4): 576-583. (in Chinese)
[7]	MACRAE R J, MEHUYS G R. The effect of green manuring on the physical properties of temperate-area soils. Advances in Soil Science, 1985, 3: 71-94.
[8]	CHALISE K S, SINGH S, WEGNER B R, KUMAR S, PEREZ- GUTIERREZ J D, OSBORNE S L, NLEYA T, GUZMAN J, ROHILA J S. Cover crops and returning residue impact on soil organic carbon, bulk density, penetration resistance, water retention, infiltration, and soybean yield. Agronomy Journal, 2018, 111(1): 99-108. doi: 10.2134/agronj2018.03.0213
[9]	SALAZAR O, BALBOA L, PERALTA K, ROSSI M, CASANOVA M, TAPIA Y, SINGH R, QUEMADA M. Effect of cover crops on leaching of dissolved organic nitrogen and carbon in a maize-cover crop rotation in Mediterranean Central Chile. Agricultural Water Management, 2018, 212: 399-406. doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.07.031
[10]	NOVARA A, MINACAPILLI M, SANTORO A, RODRIGO- COMINO J, CARRUBBA A, SARNO M, VENEZIA G, GRISTINA L. Real cover crops contribution to soil organic carbon sequestration in sloping vineyard. Science Total Environment, 2019, 652: 300-306. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.247
[11]	DORDAS C. Variation in dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and remobilization in barley as affected by fertilization, cultivar, and source-sink relations. European Journal of Agronomy, 2012, 37(1): 31-42. doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2011.10.002
[12]	姜丽娜, 马静丽, 方保停, 马建辉, 李春喜, 王志敏, 蒿宝珍. 限水减氮对豫北冬小麦产量和植株不同层次器官干物质运转的影响. 作物学报, 2019, 45(6): 957-966. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2019.81068
	JIANG L N, MA J L, FANG B T, MA J H, LI C X, WANG Z M, HAO B Z. Effect of lower water and nitrogen supply on grain yield and dry matter remobilization of organs in different layers of winter wheat plant in northern Henan province. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2019, 45(6): 957-966. (in Chinese)
[13]	廖育林, 鲁艳红, 谢坚, 周兴, 聂军, 汤文光, 杨曾平. 紫云英配施控释氮肥对早稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响. 水土保持学报, 2015, 29(3): 190-195, 201.
	LIAO Y L, LU Y H, XIE J, ZHOU X, NIE J, TANG W G, YANG Z P. Effects of combined application of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and chinese milk vetch on yield and nitrogen nutrient uptake of early rice. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 29(3): 190-195, 201. (in Chinese)
[14]	钱晨晨, 王淑彬, 杨滨娟, 黄国勤. 紫云英与氮肥配施对早稻干物质生产及氮素吸收利用的影响. 中国生态农业学报, 2017, 25(4): 563-571.
	QIAN C C, WANG S B, YANG B J, HUANG G Q. Effect of combined application of Chinese milk vetch and nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen uptake, utilization and dry matter accumulation in early rice. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2017, 25(4): 563-571. (in Chinese)
[15]	苟志文, 殷文, 徐龙龙, 何小七, 王琦明, 柴强. 绿洲灌区复种豆科绿肥条件下小麦稳产的减氮潜力. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(12): 2195-2203.
	GOU Z W, YIN W, XU L L, HE X Q, WANG Q M, CHAI Q. Potential of nitrogen reduction for maintaining wheat grain yield under multiple cropping with leguminous green manure in irrigated oasis. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2020, 26(12): 2195-2203. (in Chinese)
[16]	毛平平, 王丽, 张永清, 党建友, 裴雪霞, 武雪萍. 施用有机肥条件下氮肥不同底追比对冬小麦干物质运转和籽粒产量的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2016, 5: 50-54.
	MAO P P, WANG L, ZHANG Y Q, DANG J Y, PEI X X, WU X P. Effect of nitrogen fertilization ratio of base and topdressing with biological-organic fertilizers on the growth, yield and its constituent elements of winter wheat. Soils and Fertilizers Sciences in China, 2016, 5: 50-54. (in Chinese)
[17]	ANDERSEN M K, HAUGGAARD-NIELSEN H, WEINER J, JENSEN E S. Competitive dynamics in two and three-component intercrops. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007, 44(3): 545-551. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01289.x
[18]	COX M C, QUALSET C O, WILLIAM RAINS D. Genetic variation for nitrogen assimilation and translocation in wheat: III. Nitrogen translocation in relation to grain yield and protein. Crop Science, 1986, 26(4): 737-740. doi: 10.2135/cropsci1986.0011183X002600040022x
[19]	殷文, 冯福学, 赵财, 于爱忠, 柴强, 胡发龙, 郭瑶. 小麦秸秆还田方式对轮作玉米干物质累积分配及产量的影响. 作物学报, 2016, 42(5): 751-757.
	YIN W, FENG F X, ZHAO C, YU A Z, CHAI Q, HU F L, GUO Y. Effects of wheat straw returning patterns on characteristics of dry matter accumulation, distribution and yield of rotation maize. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2016, 42(5): 751-757. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2016.00751
[20]	农梦玲, 魏贵玉, 李伏生. 不同时期根区局部灌溉对玉米干物质积累和水氮利用的影响. 玉米科学, 2012, 20(5): 115-120.
	NONG M L, WEI G Y, LI F S. Effect of partial root-zone irrigation at different growth stages on dry mass accumulation and water and nitrogen use of maize. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2012, 20(5): 115-120. (in Chinese)
[21]	李青军, 张炎, 胡伟, 孟凤轩, 冯广平, 胡国智, 刘新兰. 氮素运筹对玉米干物质积累、氮素吸收分配及产量的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17: 755-760.
	LI Q J, Zhang Y, HU W, MENG F X, FENG G P, HU G Z, LIU X L. Effects of nitrogen management on maize dry matter accumulation, nitrogen uptake and distribution and maize yield. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2011, 17: 755-760. (in Chinese)
[22]	MANNA M C, SWARUP A, WANJARI R H, MISHRA B, SHAHI D K. Long-term fertilization, manure and liming effects on soil organic matter and crop yields. Soil and Tillage Research, 2007, 94(2): 397-409. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2006.08.013
[23]	韩梅, 胥婷婷, 曹卫东. 青海高原长期复种绿肥毛叶苕子对土壤供氮能力的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2018, 36(6): 104-109.
	HAN M, XU T T, CAO W D. Effects of long-term green manure hairy vetch on soil nitrogen supply on the Qinghai Plateau. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2018, 36(6): 104-109. (in Chinese)
[24]	宋明丹, 李正鹏, 冯浩. 不同水氮水平冬小麦干物质积累特征及产量效应. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32(2): 119-126.
	SUN M D, LI Z P, FENG H. Effects of irrigation and nitrogen regimes on dry matter dynamic accumulation and yield of winter wheat. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 32(2): 119-126. (in Chinese)
[25]	赵财, 王巧梅, 郭瑶, 殷文, 樊志龙, 胡发龙, 于爱忠, 柴强. 水氮耦合对地膜玉米免耕轮作小麦干物质积累及产量的影响. 作物学报, 2018, 44(11): 1694-1703. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01694
	ZHAO C, WANG Q M, GUO Y, YIN W, FAN Z L, HU F L, YU A Z, CHAI Q. Effects of water-nitrogen coupling patterns on dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat under no-tillage with previous plastic mulched maize. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2018, 44(11): 1694-1703. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1006.2018.01694
[26]	徐兆廷, 芦倩, 吴彦霖, 张恒嘉, 肖让, 邓浩亮, 李福强, 王泽义. 不同有机肥部分替代化肥对河西绿洲制种玉米生长动态和籽粒产量的影响. 农业工程, 2021, 11(8): 129-134.
	XU Z T, LU Q, WU Y L, ZHANG H J, XIAO R, DENG H L, LI F Q, WANG Z Y. Effects of partial replacement of chemical fertilizers with different organic fertilizers on growth dynamics and grain yield of seed corn in Hexi Oasis. Agricultural Engineering, 2021, 11(8): 129-134. (in Chinese)
[27]	尹嘉德, 侯慧芝, 张绪成, 于显枫, 王红丽, 方彦杰, 张国平, 雷康宁, 马一凡. 化肥与有机肥结合对旱地覆膜春小麦产量形成和土壤碱解氮累积影响. 水土保持学报, 2021, 35(2): 279-287.
	YIN J D, HOU H Z, ZHANG X C, YU X F, WANG H L, FANG Y J, ZHANG G P, LEI K N, MA Y F. Effects of the combination of chemical and organic fertilizer on spring wheat grain yield formation and soil available nitrogen accumulation under plastic mulched rain-fed area. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2021, 35(2): 279-287. (in Chinese)
[28]	王旭敏, 雒文鹤, 刘朋召, 张琦, 王瑞, 李军. 节水减氮对夏玉米干物质和氮素积累转运及产量的调控效应. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(15): 3183-3197. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.15.004
	WANG X M, LUO W H, LIU P Z, ZHANG Q, WANG R, LI J. Regulation effects of water saving and nitrogen reduction on dry matter and nitrogen accumulation, transportation and yield of summer maize. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(15): 3183-3197. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.15.004
[29]	刘斌祥, 王兴龙, 周芳, 杜伦静, 金容, 冯冬菊, 袁继超, 孔凡磊. 减氮配施不同种类有机肥对玉米物质分配、转运与产量的影响. 生态学杂志, 2020, 39(1): 130-138.
	LIU B X, WANG X L, ZHOU F, DU L J, JIN R, FENG D J, YUAN J C, KONG F L. Effects of reducing nitrogen combined with application of different types of organic fertilizers on dry matter allocation, transport, and yield of maize. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2020, 39(1): 130-138. (in Chinese)
[30]	刘晓明, 王艳群, 马阳, 付帅, 张子旋, 郭华强, 彭正萍. 机械化有机无机肥一体施用模式对玉米干物质和氮素积累及转运的影响. 河北农业大学学报, 2021, 44(6): 17-23.
	LIU X M, WANG Y Q, MA Y, FU S, ZHANG Z X, GUO H Q, PENG Z P. Effects of integrated application with mechanized organic-inorganic fertilizer on accumulation and transportation of dry matter and nitrogen in maize. Journal of Hebei Agricultural University, 2021, 44(6): 17-23. (in Chinese)
[31]	RUSINAMHODZI L, CORBEELS M, ZINGORE S, NYAMANGARA J, GILLER K E. Pushing the envelope? Maize production intensification and the role of cattle manure in recovery of degraded soils in small holder farming areas of Zimbabwe. Field Crops Research, 2013, 147: 40-53. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2013.03.014
[32]	侯小畔, 安婷婷, 周亚男, 李潮海, 张学林. 增施有机肥对夏玉米物质生产及土壤特性的影响. 玉米科学, 2018, 26(1): 127-133.
	HOU X P, AN T T, ZHOU Y N, LI C H, ZHANG X L. Effect of adding organic fertilizer on summer maize production and soil properties. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2018, 26(1): 127-133. (in Chinese)
[33]	刘占军, 谢佳贵, 张宽, 王秀芳, 侯云鹏, 尹彩侠, 李书田. 不同氮肥管理对吉林春玉米生长发育和养分吸收的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(1): 38-47.
	LIU Z J, XIE J G, ZHANG K, WANG X Q, HOU Y P, YIN C X, LI S T. Maize growth and nutrient uptake as influenced by nitrogen management in Jilin province. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2011, 17(1): 38-47. (in Chinese)
[34]	陈倩, 谢军红, 李玲玲, 王林林, 周永杰, 李景润, 谢丽华, 王进斌. 不同比例有机肥替代化肥对玉米生长及水分利用效率的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2021, 39(6): 162-170.
	CHEN Q, XIE J H, LI L L, WANG L L, ZHOU Y J, LI J R, XIE L H, WANG J B. Effects of different proportions of organic fertilizer substitutes for chemical fertilizer on growth characteristics and water use efficiency of maize. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2021, 39(6): 162-170. (in Chinese)
[35]	谢志坚, 徐昌旭, 许政良, 苏全平, 李水荣, 秦文婧. 翻压等量紫云英条件下不同化肥用量对土壤养分有效性及水稻产量的影响. 中国土壤与肥料, 2011, 4: 79-82.
	XIE Z J, XU C X, XU Z L, SU Q P, LI S R, QIN W J. Effects of applying mineral fertilizer reasonably on the availability of soil nutrient and yields of rice under applying equivalent green manure. Soils and Fertilizers Sciences in China, 2011, 4: 79-82. (in Chinese)
[36]	刘思超, 唐利忠, 李超, 杨晶, 石泉, 陈平平, 屠乃美, 易镇邪, 周文新. 不同混作方式绿肥替代部分基施化学氮肥对双季稻产量形成特性的影响. 华北农学报, 2018, 33(5): 218-225. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.05.030
	LIU S C, TANG L Z, LI C, YANG J, SHI Q, CHEN P P, TU N M, YI Z X, ZHOU W X. Impact of substitution of green manure under different mixed cropping modes to chemical N fertilizer on yield formation characters of double cropping rice. Acta Agricultural Boreali-Sinica, 2018, 33(5): 218-225. (in Chinese)
[37]	吕玉虎, 潘兹亮, 王琴. 翻压紫云英后化肥用量对稻田养分动态变化及产量效应的影响. 中国农学通报, 2011, 27(3): 174-178.
	LÜ Y H, PAN Z L, WANG Q. Effects of different amount of chemical fertilizer usage under ploughing down milk vetch on the yield and the dynamics of soil nutrients in rice filed. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2011, 27(3): 174-178. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2010-1795
[38]	赵娜, 赵护兵, 鱼昌为, 曹群虎, 李敏, 曹卫东, 高亚军. 旱地豆科绿肥腐解及养分释放动态研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(5): 1179-1187.
	ZHAO N, ZHAO H B, YU C W, CAO Q H, LI M, CAO W D, GAO Y J. Nutrient releases of leguminous green manures in rainfed lands. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2011, 17(5): 1179-1187. (in Chinese)
[39]	TANG H M, XIAO X P, SUN J M, GUO L J, WANG K, LI W Y, TANG W G. Soil enzyme activities and soil microbe population as influenced by long-term fertilizer management during the barley growth in Hunan Province, China. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2016, 10(40): 1720-1727. doi: 10.5897/AJMR
[40]	张璐, 黄晶, 高菊生, 曹卫东, 高鹏, 杨志长. 长期绿肥与氮肥减量配施对水稻产量和土壤养分含量的影响. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(5): 106-112.
	ZHANG L, HUANG J, GAO J S, CAO W D, GAO P, YANG Z C. Effects of long-term green manure and reducing nitrogen applications on rice yield and soil nutrient content. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(5): 106-112. (in Chinese)
[41]	吕凤莲, 侯苗苗, 张弘弢, 强久次仁, 周应田, 路国艳, 赵秉强, 杨学云, 张树兰. 土冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系有机肥替代化肥比例研究. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(1): 22-32.
	LÜ F L, HOU M M, ZHANG H T, QIANG J C R, ZHOU Y T, LU G Y, ZHAO B Q, YANG X Y, ZHANG S L. Replacement ratio of chemical fertilizer nitrogen with manure under the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in Lou soil. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2018, 24(1): 22-32. (in Chinese)

代码 Code	处理 Treatment	基肥 Base fertilizer (kg·hm^-2)	追肥 Top application (kg·hm^-2)		总施氮量 Total N application rate (kg·hm^-2)
代码 Code	处理 Treatment	基肥 Base fertilizer (kg·hm^-2)	大喇叭口期 Flare opening stage	花后15 d 15 days after flowering	总施氮量 Total N application rate (kg·hm^-2)
N100	绿肥还田结合减量施氮0% Green manure combined with nitrogen reduction 0%	108	180	72	360
N90	绿肥还田结合减量施氮10% Green manure combined with nitrogen reduction 10%	98	162	64	324
N80	绿肥还田结合减量施氮20% Green manure combined with nitrogen reduction 20%	86	144	58	288
N70	绿肥还田结合减量施氮30% Green manure combined with nitrogen reduction 30%	76	126	50	252
N60	绿肥还田结合减量施氮40% Green manure combined with nitrogen reduction 40%	64	108	44	216

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	最大增长速率出现天数 The days of MIR (d)	最大增长速率 Maximum increase rate (kg·hm^-2·d^-1)	平均增长速率 Average increase rate (kg·hm^-2·d^-1)
2020	N100	Y=39989.9/(1+e^{6.1750-0.0690}^t)	0.998	89.49a	689.83a	265.94a
	N90	Y=39737.5/(1+e^{6.2414-0.0702}^t)	0.998	88.91a	697.39a	264.91a
	N80	Y=39806.5/(1+e^{6.2334-0.0696}^t)	0.998	89.56a	692.63a	265.65a
	N70	Y=34128.6/(1+e^{6.3614-0.0728}^t)	0.999	87.38b	621.14b	228.03b
	N60	Y=30737.3/(1+e^{6.2426-0.0718}^t)	0.999	86.94b	551.73c	203.84c
2021	N100	Y=38486.4/(1+e^{6.1802-0.0694}^t)	0.998	89.05a	667.74a	254.31a
	N90	Y=38601.9/(1+e^{6.2674-0.0706}^t)	0.998	88.77a	681.32a	256.94a
	N80	Y=38088.6/(1+e^{6.3300-0.0710}^t)	0.998	89.15a	676.07a	253.10a
	N70	Y=33192.7/(1+e^{6.4324-0.0744}^t)	0.998	86.46b	617.38b	221.55b
	N60	Y=29068.0/(1+e^{6.2608-0.0726}^t)	0.998	86.24b	527.58c	194.58c

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	花前 Pre-anthesis			花后 Post anthesis
年份 Year	处理 Treatment	DMR (kg·hm^-2)	DMRE (%)	DMRCG (%)	DMA (kg·hm^-2)	DMAC (%)
2020	N100	1188.12a	6.47a	7.51a	17938.43a	92.49c
	N90	1263.45a	6.77a	8.18a	17824.92a	91.82c
	N80	1224.29a	6.55a	7.94a	17873.09a	92.06c
	N70	711.20b	4.33b	5.55b	15381.10b	94.45b
	N60	507.56c	3.46c	4.45c	14249.34c	95.55a
2021	N100	1037.78a	5.47a	7.15a	17304.38a	92.85c
	N90	1082.25a	5.53a	7.38a	16662.06a	92.62c
	N80	1046.45a	5.43a	7.23a	16554.05a	92.77c
	N70	652.29b	3.85b	5.40b	14823.77b	94.60b
	N60	429.37c	2.91c	4.16c	13174.98c	95.84a