减磷条件下含褪黑素的尿素缓释功能肥对番茄生长、产量、品质和磷素利用效率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.03.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】褪黑素对植物具有多种有益功效，但其化学性质活泼，限制了其在农业生产中的应用。本研究通过包膜技术制备出含褪黑素的尿素缓释功能肥（以下简称功能肥），研究其对番茄生长、产量、品质和磷素利用效率的影响，为褪黑素高效施用和番茄节肥生产提供理论依据。【方法】首先以水泡法研究功能肥中褪黑素的释放速率，然后以穴盘育苗方式研究功能肥对番茄幼苗生长的影响。采用盆栽方式，设置4个处理，分别是施磷（记作+P）和不施磷（记作-P）两个磷处理水平，再分别添加尿素缓释肥（对照，仍记作-P和+P）或功能肥（记作-P+M和+P+M），研究功能肥对植株生长和干物质分配、根系生长、磷素吸收和分配、磷肥利用率、肥料产量贡献率、根系磷酸酶活性、果实产量和品质的影响。【结果】利用褪黑素制备功能肥时存在一定的损耗，包膜后褪黑素的实际含量为包膜时褪黑素总用量的35%。水泡至60 d时，功能肥中褪黑素残余量为6.61%。番茄穴盘育苗中施用功能肥能显著促进幼苗生长，壮苗指数较对照提升70.2%。盆栽试验表明，-P处理下番茄根、茎、叶、果的生物量分别较+P处理下降低了19.64%、18.51%、28.99%和28.73%，根和茎的干物质分配比例增加了10.03%和11.63%，叶和果的干物质分配比例分别减少了2.74%和2.39%。应用功能肥能显著提升两种磷处理条件下所有组织的生物量积累，增加+P条件下根的干物质分配比例达12.14%，降低-P条件下茎和叶的干物质分配比例达6.00%和5.90%，增加9.06%的果干物质分配比例。-P处理降低根系的总长、总表面积和总体积，增加根尖数量，施用功能肥能提高两种磷水平下根系的总长、总表面积、总体积和根尖数量。-P处理显著降低了番茄植株根、茎、叶、果的磷含量，增加根、茎和叶的磷分配比例，减少果的磷分配比例。应用功能肥能显著提升两种P处理条件下所有组织的磷含量，+P条件下根的磷分配比例，-P条件下茎和叶的磷分配比例，增加果的磷分配比例。应用功能肥能显著提高磷酸酶的活性、全株磷吸收量、肥料利用率与肥料产量贡献率。-P处理使番茄产量降低了17.57%，但-P处理下应用功能肥能使产量提高21.32%，而对+P处理下的产量影响不显著。此外，应用功能肥能全面提高-P或部分提高+P条件下番茄果实的品质。【结论】将褪黑素包膜于缓释肥能显著降低褪黑素的用量，提高番茄幼苗及植株全生育期的生长质量，增加磷肥利用效率，提高产量和果实品质。

关键词: 番茄, 含褪黑素的尿素缓释功能肥, 磷肥处理, 生长, 产量品质, 磷利用率

Abstract:

【Objective】Melatonin has multiple beneficial effects on plants. However, its active chemical properties limit its application in agricultural production. In this study, urea slow-release functional fertilizer containing melatonin (hereinafter referred to as functional fertilizer) was prepared by coating technology, and its effects on tomato growth, yield, and quality as well as phosphorus use efficiency were studied, so as to provide the theoretical basis for melatonin application with high use efficiency and reducing fertilizer rate on tomato.【Method】 The release rate of melatonin in functional fertilizer was studied by water bubble method. Then the effects of melatonin-functional fertilizer on the growth of tomato seedlings were studied by plug seedling. Finally, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of functional fertilizer on plant growth and dry matter distribution, root growth, phosphorus absorption and distribution, phosphorus utilization rate and fertilizer yield contribution rate, root phosphatase activity, and fruit yield and quality. Four treatments were set, namely, phosphorus application (+P), non-phosphorus application (-P), urea slow-release fertilizer and functional fertilizer (-P+M and +P+M).【Result】The real melatonin content after coating was 35% of the total melatonin concentration when coating. When water bubbled to 60 d, the amount of melatonin residue in functional fertilizer was 6.61%. The application of functional fertilizer in conventional tomato seedlings could significantly promote seedling growth, and the seedling index was increased by 70.2% compared with the control. The pot experiment showed that the biomass of tomato roots, stems, leaves and fruits under -P treatment decreased by 19.64%, 18.51%, 28.99% and 28.73% compared with that under +P treatment, respectively. The dry matter distribution ratios of roots and stems increased by 10.03% and 11.63%, respectively, while the dry matter distribution ratios of leaves and fruits decreased by 2.74% and 2.39%, respectively. The application of functional fertilizer could significantly increase the biomass accumulation of all tissues under the two phosphorus treatments. The dry matter distribution ratio of root under the condition of increasing +P was 12.14%, the dry matter distribution ratio of stem and leaf under the condition of reducing -P was 6.00% and 5.90%, and the dry matter distribution ratio of fruit increased by 9.06%. -P treatment reduced the total length, total surface area and total volume of roots, and increased the number of root tips. The application of functional fertilizer could increase the total length, total surface area, total volume and number of root tips under two phosphorus levels. -P treatment significantly reduced the phosphorus content in roots, stems, leaves and fruits of tomato plants, increased the phosphorus distribution in roots, stems and leaves, and reduced the phosphorus distribution ratio in fruits. The application of functional fertilizer could significantly increase the phosphorus content of all tissues under the two P treatments, increase the phosphorus distribution ratio of roots under +P treatments, decrease the phosphorus distribution ratio of stems and leaves under -P treatment, and increase the phosphorus distribution ratio of fruits. The application of functional fertilizer could significantly improve phosphatase activity, whole plant phosphorus uptake, fertilizer utilization rate and fertilizer yield contribution rate. -P treatment reduced tomato yield, but application of melatonin functional fertilizer significantly increased yield under -P treatment reduced the tomato yield by 17.57%, but the application of functional fertilizer under -P treatment increased the yield by 21.32%, and had no significant effect on the yield under +P treatment. In addition, the application of functional fertilizer could comprehensively improve the quality of tomato fruits under -P or partial +P conditions.【Conclusion】The application of melatonin coated in slow-release fertilizer could significantly reduce the amount of melatonin, improve the growth quality of tomato seedlings and plants in the whole growth period, increase the utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer, and finally improve the yield and fruit quality.

Key words: tomato, urea slow-release functional fertilizer containing melatonin, phosphate fertilizer treatment, growth, yield and quality, phosphorus utilization rate

刘明慧, 田虹雨, 刘之广, 巩彪. 减磷条件下含褪黑素的尿素缓释功能肥对番茄生长、产量、品质和磷素利用效率的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(3): 519-528.

LIU MingHui, TIAN HongYu, LIU ZhiGuang, GONG Biao. Effects of Urea Slow-Release Functional Fertilizer Containing Melatonin on Growth, Yield and Phosphorus Use Efficiency of Tomato Under Reduced Phosphorus Application Conditions[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(3): 519-528.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.03.010

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2023/V56/I3/519

图/表 8

表1

图1

表2

表3

图2

表4

图3

表5

参考文献 34

[1]	许秀美, 邱化蛟, 周先学, 于瑞忠, 冷寿慈. 植物对磷素的吸收、运转和代谢. 山东农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2001, 32(3): 397-400. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2324.2001.03.031. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2324.2001.03.031
	XU X M, QIU H J, ZHOU X X, YU R Z, LENG S C. The absorption, translocation and metabolism of phosphorus of plant. Journal of Shandong Agricultural University, 2001, 32(3): 397-400. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2324.2001.03.031. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2324.2001.03.031
[2]	胡宁, 袁红, 蓝家程, 袁道先, 傅瓦利, 文志林. 岩溶石漠化区不同植被恢复模式土壤无机磷形态特征及影响因素. 生态学报, 2014, 34(24): 7393-7402. doi: 10.5846/stxb201303190452. doi: 10.5846/stxb201303190452
	HU N, YUAN H, LAN J C, YUAN D X, FU W L, WEN Z L. Factors influencing the distribution of inorganic phosphorus fractions in different vegetation restoration areas in Karst rocky desertification areas. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(24): 7393-7402. doi: 10.5846/stxb201303190452. (in Chinese) doi: 10.5846/stxb201303190452
[3]	巩彪, 史庆华. 园艺作物褪黑素的研究进展. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(12): 2326-2337. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.12.013. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.12.013
	GONG B, SHI Q H. Review of melatonin in horticultural crops. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(12): 2326-2337. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.12.013. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.12.013
[4]	ARNAO M B, J HERNÁNDEZ-RUIZ. Melatonin against environmental plant stressors: A review. Current Protein and Peptide Science, 2021, 22(5): 413-429. doi: 10.2174/1389203721999210101235422 pmid: 33397256
[5]	CRNMBEZ H, MOTTE H, BEECKMAN T. Tackling plant phosphate starvation by the roots. Developmental Cell, 2019, 48(5): 599-615. doi: S1534-5807(19)30002-4 pmid: 30861374
[6]	RAMÓN, PELAGIO-FLORES, EDITHh, MUOZ-PARRA, RANDY, ORTIZ-CASTRO, JOEÉ, LÓPEZ-BUCIO. Melatonin regulates Arabidopsis root system architecture likely acting independently of auxin signaling. Journal of Pineal Research, 2012, 53(3): 279-288. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2012.00996.x
[7]	WEN D, GONG B, SUN S S, LIU S Q, WANG X F, WEI M, YANG F J, LI Y, SHI Q H. Promoting roles of melatonin in adventitious root development of Solanum lycopersicum L. by regulating auxin and nitric oxide signaling. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2016, 7: 718.
[8]	REN S X, RUTTO L, KATUURAMU D, OONO Y. Melatonin acts synergistically with auxin to promote lateral root development through fine tuning auxin transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS ONE, 2019, 14(8): e0221687. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221687
[9]	XU Y, SHI Q H, GONG B. Characterization of COMT1-mediated low phosphorus resistance mechanism by metabolomics in tomato plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2020, 179: 104187. doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2020.104187
[10]	ZHANG M R, SUN Y K, WEN J, LIU Z Y, YAN S. Effects of melatonin on seedling growth, mineral nutrition, and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber under nitrate stress. Journal of Pineal Research, 2017, 62(4): e12403. doi: 10.1111/jpi.12403
[11]	杜昕, 李博, 毛鲁枭, 陈伟, 张玉先, 曹亮. 褪黑素对干旱胁迫下大豆产量及AsA-GSH循环的影响. 作物杂志, 2022(1): 174-178.
	DU X, LI B, MAO L X, CHEN W, ZHANG Y X, CAO L. Effects of melatonin on yield and AsA-GSH cycle in soybean under drought stress. Crops, 2022(1): 174-178. (in Chinese)
[12]	WANG P, SUN X, LI C, WEI Z W, LIANG D, MA F W. Long-term exogenous application of melatonin delays drought-induced leaf senescence in apple. Journal of Pineal Research, 2012, 54(3): 292-302. doi: 10.1111/jpi.12017
[13]	GONG B, YAN Y Y, WEN D, SHI Q H. Hydrogen peroxide produced by NADPH oxidase: A novel downstream signaling pathway in melatonin-induced stress tolerance in Solanum lycopersicum. Physiologia Plantarum, 2017, 160(4): 396-409. doi: 10.1111/ppl.12581
[14]	SUN Q Q, ZHANG N, WANG J F, ZHANG H J, LI D B, SHI J, LI R, WEEDA S, ZHAO B, REN S X, GUO Y D. Melatonin promotes ripening and improves quality of tomato fruit during postharvest life. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2015, 66(3): 657-668. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eru332. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eru332 pmid: 25147270
[15]	刘德帅, 姚磊, 徐伟荣, 冯美, 姚文孔. 褪黑素参与植物抗逆功能研究进展. 植物学报, 2022, 57(1): 111-126. doi: 10.11983/CBB21146. doi: 10.11983/CBB21146
	LIU D S, YAO L, XU W R, FENG M, YAO W K. Research progress of melatonin in plant stress resistance. Bulletin of Botany, 2022, 57(1): 111-126. doi: 10.11983/CBB21146. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11983/CBB21146
[16]	杨相东, 曹一平, 江荣风, 张福锁. 几种包膜控释肥氮素释放特性的评价. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2005, 11(4): 501-507. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1008-505X.2005.04.012. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1008-505X.2005.04.012
	YANG X D, CAO Y P, JIANG R F, ZHANG F S. Evaluation of nutrients release feature of coated controlled-release fertilizer. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2005, 11(4): 501-507. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1008-505X.2005.04.012. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1008-505X.2005.04.012
[17]	YAN Y Y, JING X, TANG H, LI X, GONG B, SHI Q H. Using transcriptome to discover a novel melatonin-induced sodic alkaline stress resistant pathway in Solanum lycopersicum L. Plant and Cell Physiology, 2019, 60(9): 2051-2064. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcz126
[18]	张彦才, 李若楠, 王丽英, 刘孟朝, 武雪萍, 吴会军, 李银坤. 磷肥对日光温室番茄磷营养和产量及土壤酶活性的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2008, 14(6): 1193-1199. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1008-505X. 2008.06.026. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1008-505X. 2008.06.026
	ZHANG Y C, LI R N, WANG L Y, LIU M C, WU X P, WU H J, LI Y K. Effect of phosphorus fertilization on tomato phosporous nutrition, yield and soil enzyme activities. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2008, 14(6): 1193-1199. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1008-505X.2008.06.026. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1008-505X.2008.06.026
[19]	王秀峰. 蔬菜栽培学各论:北方本. 4版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2011.
	WANG X F. Various Theories of Vegetable Cultivation:Northern Edition. 4th ed. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2011. (in Chinese)
[20]	李恺, 张丽丽, 邵长勇, 仲崇山, 曹逼力, 史庆华, 巩彪. 亚高温下冷等离子体处理番茄种子对幼苗生长和光能利用的影响. 园艺学报, 2021, 48(11): 2286-2298. doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0698. doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0698
	LI K, ZHANG L L, SHAO C Y, ZHONG C S, CAO B L, SHI Q H, GONG B. Effects of cold plasma seed treatment on tomato seedling growth and light energy utilization under daytime sub-high temperature environment. Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2021, 48(11): 2286-2298. doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0698. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2020-0698
[21]	丁红, 张智猛, 戴良香, 杨吉顺, 慈敦伟, 秦斐斐, 宋文武, 万书波. 水氮互作对花生根系生长及产量的影响. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(5): 872-881. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.05.05. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.05.05
	DING H, ZHANG Z M, DAI L X, YANG J S, CI D W, QIN F F, SONG W W, WAN S B. Effects of water and nitrogen interaction on peanut root growth and yield. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(5): 872-881. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.05.05. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.05.05
[22]	张丽丽, 刘德兴, 史庆华, 巩彪. 黄腐酸对番茄幼苗适应低磷胁迫的生理调控作用. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(8): 1547-1555. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.08.012. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.08.012
	ZHANG L L, LIU D X, SHI Q H, GONG B. Physiological regulatory effects of fulvic acid on stress tolerance of tomato seedlings against phosphate deficiency. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(8): 1547-1555. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.08.012. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.08.012
[23]	张丽丽, 史庆华, 巩彪. 中、碱性土壤条件下黄腐酸与磷肥配施对番茄生育和磷素利用率的影响. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(17): 3567-3575. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.17.013. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.17.013
	ZHANG L L, SHI Q H, GONG B. Application of fulvic acid and phosphorus fertilizer on tomato growth, development, and phosphorus utilization in neutral and alkaline soil. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(17): 3567-3575. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.17.013. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.17.013
[24]	WANG B, GAO Z Y, SHI Q H, GONG B. SAMS1 stimulates tomato root growth and P availability via activating polyamines and ethylene synergetic signaling under low-P condition. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2022, 197: 104844. doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2022.104844
[25]	HARDELAND R. Melatonin in plants and other phototrophs: Advances and gaps concerning the diversity of functions. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2015, 66(3): 627-646. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eru386. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eru386 pmid: 25240067
[26]	MADEBO M P, LUO S M, WANG L, ZHENG Y H, JIN P. Melatonin treatment induces chilling tolerance by regulating the contents of polyamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and proline in cucumber fruit. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2021, 20(11): 3060-3074. doi: 10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63485-2
[27]	陈开, 唐瑭, 张冬平, 陈云, 吕冰. 生长素和细胞分裂素参与构建水稻根系的研究进展. 植物生理学报, 2020, 56(12): 2495-2509. doi: 10.13592/j.cnki.ppj.2020.0398. doi: 10.13592/j.cnki.ppj.2020.0398
	CHEN K, TANG T, ZHANG D P, CHEN Y, LÜ B. Recent advances in auxin-cytokinin interactions involved in shaping architecture of rice root system. Plant Physiology Journal, 2020, 56(12): 2495-2509. doi: 10.13592/j.cnki.ppj.2020.0398. (in Chinese) doi: 10.13592/j.cnki.ppj.2020.0398
[28]	高利娟, 张猛, 魏建林, 刘冬梅, 丁效东. 磷肥减施对设施番茄根系形态、磷吸收及土壤微生物量磷含量的影响. 天津农业科学, 2019, 25(8): 16-22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.08.004. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.08.004
	GAO L J, ZHANG M, WEI J L, LIU D M, DING X D. Effects of phosphorus fertilizer reduction on phosphorus uptake, root morphology, and microbial biomass phosphorus content in rhizosphere soil of tomato. Tianjin Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 25(8): 16-22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.08.004. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.08.004
[29]	臧祎娜, 张德闪, 李海港, 程凌云, 张朝春, 申建波. 褪黑素调控根系生长和根际互作的机制研究进展. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(4): 671-682. doi: 10.11674/zwyf.18401. doi: 10.11674/zwyf.18401
	ZANG Y N, ZHANG D S, LI H G, CHENG L Y, ZHANG C C, SHEN J B. Progress in mechanism of melatonin regulation of root growth and rhizosphere interactions. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2019, 25(4): 671-682. doi: 10.11674/zwyf.18401. (in Chinese) doi: 10.11674/zwyf.18401
[30]	ZIA S F, BERKOWITZ O, BEDON F, WHELAN J, FRANKS A E, PLUMME K M. Direct comparison of Arabidopsis gene expression reveals different responses to melatonin versus auxin. BMC Plant Biology, 2019, 19: 567. doi: 10.1186/s12870-019-2158-3
[31]	YANG L, YOU J, LI J Z, WANG Y P, CHAN Z L. Melatonin promotes Arabidopsis primary root growth in an IAA-dependent manner. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2021, 72(15): 5599-5611. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erab196. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erab196
[32]	BOZZO G G, DUNN E L, PLAXTON W C. Differential synthesis of phosphate-starvation inducible purple acid phosphatase isozymes in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) suspension cells and seedlings. Plant Cell & Environment, 2010, 29: 303-313.
[33]	ZHANG Z X, HU Q, LIU Y N, CHENG P L, CHENG H, LIU W X, XING X J, GUAN Z Y, FANG W M, CHEN S M, JIANG J F, CHEN F D. Strigolactone represses the synthesis of melatonin, thereby inducing floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana in an FLC-dependent manner. Journal of Pineal Research, 2019, 67(7): e12582.
[34]	ZHU X F, ZHU C Q, WANG C, DONG X Y, SHEN R F. Nitric oxide acts upstream of ethylene in cell wall phosphorus reutilization in phosphorus-deficient rice. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2017, 68(3): 753-760. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erw480. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erw480 pmid: 28064177

处理 Treatment	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	茎叶生物量 Shoot biomass (g)	根系生物量 Root biomass (g)	根冠比 Root/Shoot ratio	壮苗指数 Seedling index
CK	15.36b	2.66b	0.76b	0.21b	0.28b	0.44b
M	21.61a	3.11a	1.05a	0.39a	0.37a	0.74a

处理 Treatment	根Root		茎Stem		叶Leaf		果Fruit		总生物量 TB
处理 Treatment	DW	AR	DW	AR	DW	AR	DW	AR	总生物量 TB
-P	10.64d	4.17a	41.61d	16.32a	105.82d	41.51b	96.82d	37.98c	254.89d
-P+M	12.10c	4.18a	44.45c	15.34b	113.15c	39.06c	119.97c	41.42a	289.67c
+P	13.24b	3.79b	51.06b	14.62c	149.03b	42.68a	135.85b	38.91b	349.18b
+P+M	15.73a	4.25a	54.44a	14.73c	157.91a	42.73a	141.45a	38.28bc	369.53a

处理 Treatment	根Root		茎Stem		叶Leaf		果Fruit		吸收量 U	肥料利用率 FU	肥料产量贡献率 CFY
处理 Treatment	C	AR	C	AR	C	AR	C	AR	吸收量 U	肥料利用率 FU	肥料产量贡献率 CFY
-P	0.56c	4.44b	0.59c	18.29a	0.44c	34.70a	0.59c	42.57c	134.19d	—	—
-P+M	0.67b	4.30b	0.65b	15.33b	0.48bc	28.81c	0.81b	51.56a	188.49c	—	—
+P	0.71b	4.03c	0.66b	14.44c	0.52b	33.21b	0.83b	48.32b	233.35b	11.14b	28.73b
+P+M	0.84a	4.52a	0.78a	14.54c	0.61a	32.98b	0.99a	47.95b	292.04a	17.73a	31.55a

处理 Treatment	单株产量 Yield (kg/plant)	单果重 Fruit weight (g)	第1穗果坐果至果实转色的时间 Mature period (d)	可溶性固形物 Soluble solid (%)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (%)	可滴定酸 Titratable acid (%)	糖酸比 Sugar/acid ratio	维生素C Vc (mg∙kg^-1)
-P	2.58c	172c	36.4b	5.19c	2.86d	0.91a	3.14d	144c
-P+M	3.13b	209b	34.5c	6.45a	3.02c	0.86b	3.51c	213a
+P	3.39ab	226ab	38.6a	6.03b	3.29ab	0.83c	3.96b	169b
+P+M	3.64a	243a	35.7b	6.62a	3.49a	0.82c	4.26a	221a