米粉稻籽粒直链淀粉积累特性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】

稻米中直链淀粉含量是影响米粉品质的重要因素,较高直链淀粉含量的稻米加工的米粉结构坚固,可以减少米粉的蒸煮损失,探索米粉稻籽粒直链淀粉积累特性为调控米粉稻直链淀粉含量和提高米粉稻品质提供理论依据。

【方法】

2016—2017年早、晚季,选择2个高直链淀粉含量米粉稻品种（陆两优996和中嘉早17）和2个低直链淀粉含量对照品种（陵两优268和湘早籼45）为材料进行大田试验,基于Logistic方程对各品种的籽粒灌浆和直链淀粉积累特性进行分析。

【结果】

米粉稻直链淀粉含量比对照品种高44.8%—72.3%,差异显著。水稻籽粒直链淀粉积累渐增期、快速期、缓增期及最大积累速率时积累的直链淀粉量,米粉稻比对照品种分别高60.0%—91.1%、61.2%—92.3%、59.3%—89.3%和61.2%—92.8%。相同的种植季节,直链淀粉积累平均速率、渐增期积累速率和最大积累速率,米粉稻比对照平均分别高36.7%—91.2%、40.2%—58.3%和29.2%—108.7%,渐增期持续时间长0.6—2.8 d,最大积累速率启动时间晚1.4—2.9 d。不同的生长季节和品种,直链淀粉积累渐增期、快速期、缓增期直链淀粉积累量对籽粒持续期直链淀粉积累量的贡献率相对稳定,分别为21.03%—21.32%、57.58%—57.88%、11.38%—14.62%。籽粒直链淀粉的积累伴随着籽粒灌浆过程进行,籽粒灌浆干物质积累渐增期、快速期、缓增期比对应的直链淀粉积累阶段发生早0.1—4.9 d。相同的种植季节,籽粒灌浆渐增期、最大灌浆速率启动时间和灌浆持续时间,米粉稻比对照平均长或晚0.1—1.8 d、1.2—2.0 d和1.2—3.6 d。2016年早季水稻开花后前5 d的平均气温和入射辐射量分别为30.1℃和21.1 MJ·m^-2,比其他3季同阶段分别高5.1℃—6.3℃和2.0—19.1 MJ·m^-2,2016年早季籽粒灌浆和直链淀粉积累持续期比其他3季分别缩短了6.2—11.5d和9.0—13.9 d,籽粒灌浆和直链淀粉积累平均速率分别提高了53.9%—73.7%和57.4%—67.9%。

【结论】

灌浆前期高温和强光照可以缩短籽粒灌浆和直链淀粉积累持续期,并提高籽粒灌浆和直链淀粉积累速率;籽粒灌浆和直链淀粉积累渐增期持续时间长和直链淀粉积累速率高是米粉稻高直链淀粉含量形成的基础;较长的灌浆持续期、较高的直链淀粉积累速率及最大直链淀粉积累速率和灌浆速率启动时间较晚,有利于米粉稻籽粒直链淀粉积累量的增加。

关键词: 米粉稻, 直链淀粉含量, 籽粒灌浆, 积累特性

Abstract:

【Objective】Amylose content in rice grain is a key factor affecting the quality of rice noodle. Rice noodles processed from rice with higher amylose content have a strong structure, which can reduce the cooking loss of rice noodle. It is important to regulate the amylose content and quality of noodle rice by ascertaining the amylose accumulation property of noodle rice grain. 【Method】Using two high amylose content noodle rice varieties (Luliangyou 996 and Zhongjiazao 17) and two low amylose content rice varieties (Lingliangyou 268 and Xiangzaoxian 45 as control) as materials, the field experiments were conducted in early and late season in 2016 and 2017. The grain-filling properties and amylose accumulation properties were analyzed based on the Logistic equation. 【Result】The amylose content in noodle rice variety was 44.8%-72.3% significant higher in noodle rice than that of control variety. The amylose accumulation in noodle rice showed 61.2%-92.8%, 60.0%-91.1%, 61.2%-92.3%, and 59.3%-89.3% higher than that in control variety during the gradual increase phase, rapid phase, slow increase phase, and the maximum accumulation rate phase, respectively. In the same planting season, the average rate of amylose accumulation, the accumulation rate during the increasing period and the maximum accumulation rate of noodle rice were 36.7%-91.2%, 40.2%-58.3%, and 29.2%-108.7% higher than that of control variety, respectively. And the duration of the gradual increase period was 0.6-2.8 d longer than the control variety, and the maximum amylose accumulation rate start-up time was 1.4-2.9 d later than that of control variety. The contribution of amylose accumulation in gradual, rapid, and slowly increase period of amylose accumulation duration to total amylose accumulation were relatively stable with different rice varieties growing in different seasons, with the value of 21.03%-21.32%, 57.58%-57.88%, and 11.38%-14.62%, respectively. Grain amylose accumulation was accompanied by the grain filling process, and the gradual, rapid, and slowly increase phase of grain filing dry matter accumulation occurred 0.1-4.9 d earlier than that of the corresponding amylose accumulation. Meanwhile, the grain filling period, maximum filling rate start time and filling duration of noodle rice were on average 0.1-1.8 d, 1.2-2.0 d and 1.2-3.6 d longer or later than that of control variety. The mean temperature and incident radiation during the 5 days after flowering in early season of 2016 were 30.1℃ and 21.1 MJ·m^-2, which showed 5.1℃-6.3℃ and 2.0-19.1 MJ·m^-2 higher than the other three seasons of the same growing period; while the grain-filling and amylose accumulation duration reduced 6.2-11.5 d and 9.0-13.9 d in the early season in 2016 than the other three seasons, respectively, and the grain-filling rate and amylose accumulation rate was increased by 53.9%-73.7% and 57.4%-67.9%, respectively. 【Conclusion】Higher temperature and incident radiation in the early stage of grain-filling could reduce the duration of grain-filling and amylose accumulation, and improve the grain-filling rate and amylose accumulation rate. The longer duration of gradual period with grain-filling and amylose accumulation as well as the higher amylose accumulation rate in gradual period in rice grain were the basics of high amylose content in noodle rice. The longer grain-filling duration, the higher amylose accumulation rate, the later happened time of the maximum amylose accumulation and grain-filling rate were benefit to amylose accumulation in grain of noodle rice.

Key words: noodle rice, amylose content, grain-filling, accumulation characteristics

张恒栋,黄敏,邹应斌,陈佳娜,单双吕. 米粉稻籽粒直链淀粉积累特性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(7): 1354-1364.

ZHANG HengDong,HUANG Min,ZOU YingBin,CHEN JiaNa,SHAN Shuang Lv. Amylose Accumulation Properties in the Grains of Noodle Rice[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(7): 1354-1364.

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参考文献 36

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季节 Season	品种 Variety	2016				2017
季节 Season	品种 Variety	K	A	B	R²	K	A	B	R²
ES	LLY996	4.62	3.27	0.335	0980**	5.59	3.25	0.182	0987**
	ZJZ17	3.90	3.62	0.435	0.967**	5.18	4.02	0.249	0.995**
	LLY268	2.34	4.72	0.672	0.969**	2.74	3.06	0.230	0.984**
	XZX45	2.31	3.42	0.459	0.993**	2.87	3.01	0.202	0.981**
LS	LLY996	4.30	3.10	0.226	0.955**	4.45	3.02	0.241	0.975**
	ZJZ17	3.77	3.33	0.254	0.967**	4.15	3.79	0.309	0.982**
	LLY268	2.73	3.04	0.231	0.969**	2.58	2.57	0.201	0.960**
	XZX45	2.20	3.74	0.342	0.958**	2.77	2.78	0.219	0.963**

年份 Year	季节 Season	品种 Variety	积累速率 Accumulation rate (mg·grain^-1·d^-1)						持续时间 Time of duration (d)			积累量 Accumulation (mg·grain^-1)			MRa		Da (d)
			积累速率 Accumulation rate (mg·grain^-1·d^-1)						持续时间 Time of duration (d)			积累量 Accumulation (mg·grain^-1)			Ta (d)	AA (mg·grain^-1)
			IRa	MRa	MeRa	Ta1	Ta2	Ta3	Ta1	Ta2	Ta3	Ta1	Ta2	Ta3	Ta (d)	AA (mg·grain^-1)
2016	ES	LLY996	0.055	0.387	0.197	0.17	0.34	0.14	5.8	7.9	3.9	0.98	2.67	0.53	9.8	2.33	17.6
		ZJZ17	0.043	0.424	0.207	0.15	0.37	0.14	5.3	6.1	3.2	0.82	2.25	0.44	8.3	1.94	14.6
		LLY268	0.014	0.393	0.169	0.10	0.35	0.15	5.1	3.9	1.8	0.49	1.35	0.27	7.0	1.16	10.8
		XZX45	0.033	0.265	0.132	0.11	0.23	0.09	4.6	5.7	2.9	0.49	1.33	0.26	7.5	1.17	13.2
2017	ES	LLY996	0.037	0.254	0.130	0.11	0.22	0.11	10.6	14.5	7.2	1.18	3.23	0.81	17.9	2.81	32.3
		ZJZ17	0.022	0.322	0.150	0.10	0.28	0.15	10.9	10.6	5.1	1.09	2.99	0.74	16.1	2.58	26.6
		LLY268	0.027	0.158	0.082	0.08	0.14	0.07	7.6	11.5	5.7	0.58	1.58	0.40	13.3	1.37	24.8
		XZX45	0.026	0.145	0.076	0.07	0.13	0.06	8.4	13.0	6.6	0.61	1.66	0.42	14.9	1.43	28.0
2016	LS	LLY996	0.040	0.243	0.126	0.12	0.21	0.11	7.9	11.7	5.8	0.91	2.48	0.62	13.7	2.15	25.4
		ZJZ17	0.032	0.239	0.121	0.10	0.21	0.10	7.9	10.4	5.2	0.80	2.18	0.54	13.1	1.88	23.5
		LLY268	0.027	0.158	0.083	0.08	0.14	0.07	7.5	11.4	5.7	0.58	1.58	0.40	13.2	1.37	24.6
		XZX45	0.017	0.188	0.090	0.06	0.16	0.08	7.1	7.7	3.8	0.46	1.27	0.31	10.9	1.09	18.6
2017	LS	LLY996	0.048	0.268	0.141	0.13	0.24	0.12	7.1	10.9	5.5	0.94	2.57	0.65	12.5	2.22	23.5
		ZJZ17	0.028	0.321	0.153	0.11	0.28	0.14	8.0	8.5	4.2	0.88	2.40	0.59	12.3	2.09	20.7
		LLY268	0.034	0.130	0.072	0.09	0.11	0.06	6.2	13.1	6.7	0.55	1.49	0.38	12.8	1.29	26.1
		XZX45	0.033	0.152	0.082	0.08	0.13	0.07	6.7	12.0	6.1	0.59	1.60	0.40	12.7	1.39	24.8

季节 Season	品种 Variety	2016				2017
季节 Season	品种 Variety	K₁	A₁	B₁	R²	K₁	A₁	B₁	R²
ES	LLY996	19.4	2.54	0.328	0.981**	21.4	2.93	0.21	0.987**
	ZJZ17	17.84	3.102	0.412	0.987**	19.65	3.42	0.241	0.994**
	LLY268	18.72	1.69	0.372	0.983**	18.11	2.87	0.245	0.988**
	XZX45	18.72	2.70	0.396	0.996**	18.39	2.70	0.200	0.985**
LS	LLY996	20.64	2.59	0.216	0.965**	18.38	2.55	0.245	0.976**
	ZJZ17	17.11	2.95	0.269	0.984**	17.61	2.63	0.214	0.982**
	LLY268	18.30	2.92	0.278	0.989**	15.46	2.76	0.308	0.973**
	XZX45	15.94	3.38	0.336	0.985**	15.70	2.70	0.275	0.964**

年份 Year	季节 Season	品种 Variety	灌浆速率 Grain filling rate (mg·grain^-1·d^-1)						持续时间 Time of duration (d)			积累量 Accumulation (mg·grain^-1)			MRf		Df (d)
			灌浆速率 Grain filling rate (mg·grain^-1·d^-1)						持续时间 Time of duration (d)			积累量 Accumulation (mg·grain^-1)			Tf (d)	MFD (mg·grain^-1)
			IRf	MRf	MeRf	Tf1	Tf2	Tf3	Tf1	Tf2	Tf3	Tf1	Tf2	Tf3	Tf (d)	MFD (mg·grain^-1)
2016	ES	LLY996	0.431	1.591	0.892	1.10	1.40	0.69	3.7	8.0	4.2	4.07	11.17	2.91	7.7	9.63	15.9
		ZJZ17	0.303	1.838	0.955	0.87	1.61	0.81	4.3	6.4	3.2	3.74	10.31	2.59	7.5	8.88	13.9
		LLY268	0.915	1.739	1.107	3.95	1.53	0.75	1.0	7.1	3.7	3.95	10.83	2.76	4.5	9.29	11.8
		XZX45	0.437	1.853	1.016	1.13	1.62	0.80	3.5	6.7	3.3	3.97	10.87	2.65	6.8	9.33	13.5
2017	ES	LLY996	0.216	1.124	0.597	0.59	0.99	0.49	7.7	12.5	6.4	4.54	12.32	3.14	14.0	10.75	26.6
		ZJZ17	0.145	1.184	0.591	0.47	1.04	0.52	8.7	11.0	5.4	4.13	11.40	2.80	14.2	9.84	25.1
		LLY268	0.225	1.109	0.594	0.60	0.97	0.49	6.3	10.8	5.4	3.80	10.49	2.62	11.7	9.04	22.5
		XZX45	0.217	0.920	0.504	0.56	0.81	0.40	6.9	13.2	6.7	3.88	10.64	2.67	13.5	9.20	26.8
2016	LS	LLY996	0.289	1.115	0.620	0.74	0.98	0.48	5.9	12.2	6.2	4.37	11.92	3.00	12.0	10.33	24.3
		ZJZ17	0.218	1.151	0.610	0.60	1.01	0.50	6.1	9.8	4.9	3.64	9.88	2.45	11.0	8.59	20.8
		LLY268	0.247	1.272	0.677	0.67	1.12	0.56	5.8	9.4	4.8	3.90	10.50	2.68	10.5	9.15	20.0
		XZX45	0.171	1.339	0.672	0.55	1.17	0.58	6.1	7.9	3.9	3.33	9.26	2.28	10.1	8.02	17.9
2017	LS	LLY996	0.303	1.126	0.630	0.77	0.99	0.49	5.0	10.8	5.5	3.86	10.65	2.68	10.4	9.18	21.3
		ZJZ17	0.200	1.109	0.584	0.56	0.97	0.48	6.4	9.9	5.0	3.57	9.64	2.42	11.3	8.35	21.3
		LLY268	0.267	1.190	0.647	0.70	0.97	0.31	4.7	8.6	4.4	3.28	10.21	1.47	9.0	7.78	17.6
		XZX45	0.255	1.079	0.592	0.66	0.96	0.57	5.0	9.6	4.9	3.30	8.63	2.24	9.8	7.83	19.5

季节 Season	品种 Variety	2016			2017
季节 Season	品种 Variety	Ta1	Ta2	Ta3	Ta1	Ta2	Ta3
ES	LLY996	21.21	57.79	11.47	21.11	57.58	11.26
	ZJZ17	21.03	57.69	11.28	21.04	57.72	14.29
	平均Mean	21.12a	57.74a	11.38a	21.08a	57.75a	14.39a
	LLY268	20.94	57.69	11.54	21.17	57.66	14.60
	XZX45	21.21	57.58	11.26	21.25	57.67	14.63
	平均Mean	21.08a	57.63a	11.40a	21.21a	57.75a	14.62a
LS	LLY996	21.16	57.67	14.42	21.12	57.75	14.61
	ZJZ17	21.22	57.82	14.32	21.20	57.83	14.22
	平均Mean	21.19a	57.75a	14.37a	21.16a	57.79a	14.41a
	LLY268	21.25	57.88	14.65	21.32	57.75	14.73
	XZX45	20.91	57.73	14.09	21.30	57.76	14.44
	平均Mean	21.08a	57.80a	14.37a	21.31a	57.76a	14.58a