中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (23): 4251-4261.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.23.006
朱冬梅,王慧,刘大同,高德荣,吕国锋,王君婵,高致富,陆成彬()
收稿日期:
2019-08-29
接受日期:
2019-10-08
出版日期:
2019-12-01
发布日期:
2019-12-01
联系方式:
朱冬梅,E-mail:zdm@wheat.org.cn
基金资助:
ZHU DongMei,WANG Hui,LIU DaTong,GAO DeRong,Lü GuoFeng,WANG JunChan,GAO ZhiFu,LU ChengBin()
Received:
2019-08-29
Accepted:
2019-10-08
Published:
2019-12-01
Online:
2019-12-01
摘要:
【目的】研究小麦品种籽粒灌浆与脱水特性,为培育灌浆快、脱水快的少(免)晾晒小麦品种提供选择方法和理论依据。【方法】2015—2016年以长江中下游地区7个主推小麦品种为试验材料,采用Logistic方程拟合、多重比较及相关分析等方法,测定灌浆与脱水指标,生理成熟期及收获期籽粒含水率等。【结果】籽粒灌浆呈“S”型“慢-快-慢”的增长趋势,但不同品种最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率及灌浆持续时间差异显著,扬麦11、扬麦158、扬麦16最大灌浆速率及平均灌浆速率较大,花后30 d籽粒干重均达35 g以上,灌浆持续期较短;扬麦15灌浆速率仅次于上述3个品种,但灌浆持续期最长;宁麦13、扬麦20、扬麦22灌浆速率较小。最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率以及渐增期、快增期和缓增期的灌浆速率均与千粒重极显著正相关,3个灌浆时期灌浆速率R2>R1>R3,花后30 d灌浆基本完成。籽粒灌浆完成后进入脱水阶段,生理成熟期和收获期籽粒含水率、生理成熟后籽粒脱水速率品种间差异显著,扬麦11、扬麦158、扬麦16生理成熟后籽粒脱水速率较高,扬麦15最低。收获期籽粒含水率与生理成熟期籽粒含水率、籽粒平均脱水速率、生理成熟后2 d籽粒脱水速率显著或极显著相关。【结论】扬麦11、扬麦158、扬麦16灌浆速率大,灌浆完成早,籽粒脱水快。花后30 d粒重>35 g可作为育种材料灌浆快慢的选择指标,生理成熟期后籽粒平均脱水速率可作为衡量小麦品种脱水快慢的选择指标。
朱冬梅, 王慧, 刘大同, 高德荣, 吕国锋, 王君婵, 高致富, 陆成彬. 小麦籽粒灌浆与脱水特性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(23): 4251-4261.
ZHU DongMei, WANG Hui, LIU DaTong, GAO DeRong, Lü GuoFeng, WANG JunChan, GAO ZhiFu, LU ChengBin. Characteristics of Grain Filling and Dehydration in Wheat[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(23): 4251-4261.
表1
生理成熟后天气资料"
天气 Weather | 年份 Year | 生理成熟后天气Weather after physiological maturity | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 d | 1 d | 2 d | 3 d | 4 d | 5 d | 6 d | ||||
最高/最低温度 Highest/lowest temperature (℃) | 2016 | 30/21 | 26/20 | 23/17 | 21/19 | 23/18 | 27/20 | 28/20 | ||
2017 | 28/18 | 29/19 | 30/18 | 30/20 | 23/17 | 25/14 | 31/16 | |||
天气状况 Weather | 2016 | 多云转阵雨 Cloudy to shower | 阵雨 Shower | 中雨转小雨 Moderate rain to light rain | 小雨 Light rain | 多云 Cloudy | 阴 Overcast | 阴转大雨 Overcast to heavy rain | ||
2017 | 晴 Sunny | 多云 Cloudy | 多云 Cloudy | 多云 Cloudy | 多云 Cloudy | 中雨转阴 Moderate rain to overcast | 晴 Sunny |
表2
花后籽粒干重差异性分析"
年份 Year | 品种 Cultivar | 千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 d | 15 d | 20 d | 25 d | 30 d | 35 d | ||
2015 | 扬麦11 Yangmai 11 | 7.87ab | 16.76a | 25.65b | 36.45a | 40.59b | 42.17a |
扬麦15 Yangmai 15 | 7.46bc | 14.20c | 22.01d | 31.06c | 38.90b | 42.13a | |
扬麦158 Yangmai 158 | 8.17a | 15.74b | 24.20c | 34.90b | 42.48a | 42.83a | |
扬麦16 Yangmai 16 | 8.14a | 15.62b | 27.76a | 37.85a | 43.24a | 44.36a | |
宁麦13 Ningmai 13 | 6.70d | 12.86d | 21.02de | 27.38d | 33.68d | 34.50c | |
扬麦20 Yangmai 20 | 6.94cd | 13.16d | 20.28ef | 28.65d | 35.12cd | 36.29c | |
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 | 6.60d | 12.39d | 19.48f | 27.77d | 36.13c | 38.71b | |
平均Average | 7.41 | 14.39 | 22.92 | 32.01 | 38.59 | 40.14 | |
2016 | 扬麦11 Yangmai 11 | 7.14b | 13.27a | 22.52a | 33.37a | 39.97a | 42.06a |
扬麦15 Yangmai 15 | 6.55cd | 11.12cd | 18.74c | 27.75c | 35.72b | 37.41b | |
扬麦158 Yangmai 158 | 6.79bc | 11.32bc | 19.10c | 27.65c | 34.67b | 35.98bc | |
扬麦16 Yangmai 16 | 7.64a | 12.41ab | 20.63b | 30.16b | 35.91b | 40.35a | |
宁麦13 Ningmai 13 | 5.90e | 10.02de | 16.67d | 24.88d | 30.66c | 33.37cd | |
扬麦20 Yangmai 20 | 6.10de | 10.35cde | 17.14d | 23.89d | 29.71c | 32.29d | |
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 | 5.75e | 9.79e | 16.73d | 24.76d | 30.56c | 33.51cd | |
平均Average | 6.55 | 11.18 | 18.79 | 27.50 | 33.88 | 36.43 |
表3
不同小麦品种籽粒灌浆特征参数"
年份Year | 品种 Cultivar | Rmax | Tmax | Rmean | T1 | T2 | T3 | R1 | R2 | R3 | T | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | 扬麦11 Yangmai 11 | 2.18 | 17.73 | 1.07 | 11.10 | 13.27 | 16.52 | 0.84 | 1.91 | 0.54 | 40.89 | 0.9972 |
扬麦15 Yangmai 15 | 1.90 | 20.52 | 0.95 | 12.35 | 16.34 | 20.33 | 0.81 | 1.66 | 0.47 | 49.03 | 0.9949 | |
扬麦158 Yangmai 158 | 2.05 | 18.66 | 1.02 | 11.40 | 14.53 | 18.08 | 0.84 | 1.80 | 0.50 | 44.01 | 0.9968 | |
扬麦16 Yangmai 16 | 2.42 | 17.97 | 1.15 | 11.67 | 12.59 | 15.67 | 0.84 | 2.12 | 0.59 | 39.94 | 0.9986 | |
宁麦13 Ningmai 13 | 1.62 | 18.47 | 0.82 | 11.02 | 14.88 | 18.52 | 0.70 | 1.42 | 0.40 | 44.43 | 0.9988 | |
扬麦20 Yangmai 20 | 1.70 | 19.64 | 0.86 | 11.78 | 15.71 | 19.55 | 0.73 | 1.49 | 0.42 | 47.04 | 0.9971 | |
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 | 1.75 | 20.81 | 0.87 | 12.72 | 16.18 | 20.14 | 0.71 | 1.53 | 0.43 | 49.03 | 0.9961 | |
平均Average | 1.95 | 19.11 | 0.96 | 11.72 | 14.79 | 18.40 | 0.78 | 1.71 | 0.48 | 44.91 | ||
2016 | 扬麦11 Yangmai 11 | 2.15 | 19.13 | 1.02 | 12.49 | 13.29 | 16.54 | 0.74 | 1.89 | 0.53 | 42.32 | 0.9968 |
扬麦15 Yangmai 15 | 1.74 | 23.43 | 0.87 | 14.09 | 18.70 | 23.27 | 0.74 | 1.52 | 0.43 | 56.05 | 0.9984 | |
扬麦158 Yangmai 158 | 1.76 | 19.30 | 0.85 | 12.27 | 14.06 | 17.50 | 0.65 | 1.54 | 0.43 | 43.83 | 0.9939 | |
扬麦16 Yangmai 16 | 1.79 | 19.34 | 0.88 | 11.87 | 14.95 | 18.61 | 0.72 | 1.57 | 0.44 | 45.43 | 0.9965 | |
宁麦13 Ningmai 13 | 1.54 | 20.21 | 0.75 | 12.65 | 15.12 | 18.82 | 0.59 | 1.35 | 0.38 | 46.59 | 0.9962 | |
扬麦20 Yangmai 20 | 1.39 | 20.60 | 0.71 | 12.06 | 17.07 | 21.24 | 0.63 | 1.22 | 0.34 | 50.37 | 0.9944 | |
扬麦22 Yangmai 22 | 1.54 | 21.30 | 0.76 | 13.16 | 16.27 | 20.25 | 0.61 | 1.35 | 0.38 | 49.68 | 0.9980 | |
平均Average | 1.70 | 20.47 | 0.83 | 12.65 | 15.64 | 19.46 | 0.67 | 1.49 | 0.42 | 47.75 |
表5
生理成熟期和收获期籽粒含水率差异比较"
品种 Cultivar | 2015 | 2016 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
生理成熟期 Physiological maturity | 收获期 Harvest | 生理成熟期 Physiological maturity | 收获期 Harvest | ||
扬麦11 Yangmai 11 | 39.50c | 13.66e | 36.22c | 13.16e | |
扬麦15 Yangmai 15 | 43.77a | 20.05a | 43.33a | 34.00a | |
扬麦158 Yangmai 158 | 42.04b | 14.82de | 39.73b | 15.78d | |
扬麦16 Yangmai 16 | 42.36b | 15.21cde | 39.71b | 16.78d | |
宁麦13 Ningmai13 | 41.97b | 17.38bc | 39.06b | 19.40c | |
扬麦20 Yangmai20 | 42.35b | 18.34ab | 41.18ab | 24.74b | |
扬麦22 Yangmai22 | 43.59a | 17.06bcd | 41.41ab | 24.99b | |
平均 Average | 42.22 | 16.65 | 40.09 | 21.26 |
表6
生理成熟后籽粒脱水速率比较"
年份 Year | 品种 Cultivar | 平均脱水速率 Average dehydration rate | 生理成熟后脱水速率 Dehydration rate after physiological maturity | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0-2 d | 2-4 d | 4-6 d | |||
2015 | 扬麦11 Yangmai 11 | 3.69ab | 3.14a | 1.86b | 4.74a |
扬麦15 Yangmai 15 | 3.39b | 1.08e | 1.74b | 3.98b | |
扬麦158 Yangmai 158 | 3.89a | 2.55b | 2.13b | 4.84a | |
扬麦16 Yangmai 16 | 3.88a | 2.01c | 2.75a | 5.24a | |
宁麦13 Ningmai13 | 3.51ab | 1.09e | 2.23ab | 4.75a | |
扬麦20 Yangmai20 | 3.43ab | 1.36de | 1.06c | 4.98a | |
扬麦22 Yangmai22 | 3.79ab | 1.70cd | 1.86b | 5.11a | |
平均 Average | 3.67 | 1.85 | 1.95 | 4.81a | |
2016 | 扬麦11 Yangmai 11 | 3.29a | 2.04a | 2.77a | 7.91b |
扬麦15 Yangmai 15 | 1.33d | 0.09e | 1.67b | 2.45c | |
扬麦158 Yangmai 158 | 3.42a | 0.72c | 2.41a | 12.85a | |
扬麦16 Yangmai 16 | 3.28a | 1.24b | 2.60a | 10.05b | |
宁麦13 Ningmai13 | 2.81b | 0.63c | 2.38a | 8.88b | |
扬麦20 Yangmai20 | 2.35c | 0.63c | 1.83b | 7.85b | |
扬麦22 Yangmai22 | 2.35c | 0.35cd | 1.89b | 8.15b | |
平均 Average | 2.69 | 0.81 | 2.22 | 8.31 |
表7
收获期籽粒含水率与生理成熟期籽粒含水率及脱水速率相关系数"
年份 Year | 生理成熟期籽粒含水率 Grain moisture content during physiological maturity | 籽粒平均脱水速率 Grain average dehydration rate | 生理成熟后脱水速率 Dehydration rate after physiological maturity | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 d | 4 d | 6 d | |||
2015 | 0.763* | -0.890** | -0.915** | -0.472 | -0.539 |
2016 | 0.909** | -0.984** | -0.816* | -0.942** | -0.799** |
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