去苞叶对夏玉米籽粒灌浆特性和产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.11.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】在大田试验条件下，设置不同去苞叶处理，研究去苞叶后夏玉米产量、籽粒体积、干重、脱水速率、籽粒灌浆速率以及籽粒黑层出现和乳线消失所需时间的变化，以期明确去苞叶对夏玉米籽粒产量和籽粒灌浆特性的作用。【方法】以先玉335（XY335）、郑单958（ZD958）和登海661（DH661）为试验材料，设置不同去苞叶处理：去苞叶1/4（S1）、去苞叶1/2（S2）和苞叶全去（S3）以及对照（CK），研究去苞叶对夏玉米产量、籽粒灌浆特性以及籽粒黑层出现和乳线消失所需时间的影响等。【结果】去苞叶后夏玉米产量显著下降，XY335的S1、S2和S3处理的产量较CK分别下降9.45%、13.78%和27.89%，ZD958分别下降10.72%、15.07%和24.75%，DH661分别下降9.31%、16.01%和22.35%，去苞叶数越多，产量下降幅度越大。去苞叶后夏玉米的千粒重和穗粒数等产量构成因素显著下降，S3处理影响最显著，XY335的S3处理千粒重和穗粒数分别下降15.30%和14.87%，ZD958分别下降11.22%和15.24%，DH661分别下降15.10% 和8.55%。此外，去苞叶显著影响夏玉米的籽粒灌浆特性，影响随去苞叶数的增多而显著加剧。去苞叶后籽粒到达最大灌浆速率时的天数（D_max）显著减少，S3处理影响最显著，XY335、ZD958和DH661的S3处理的D_max较CK分别缩短3 d、4 d和3.5 d。去苞叶后灌浆速率最大时的生长量（W_max）和籽粒灌浆活跃期（P）等也均显著降低，且去苞叶数目越多，W_max和P的下降幅度越大，XY335﹑DH661和ZD958的S3处理的Wmax较CK分别下降12.75%、17.78% 和17.12%。XY335﹑DH661和ZD958的S1﹑S2、S3的P较CK分别下降6.22%、9.82%和11.78%，5.39%、8.39%和13.09%，0.17%、2.39%和5.97%。去苞叶后籽粒鲜重和籽粒体积显著下降，籽粒脱水速率显著提高，灌浆时间减少，籽粒乳线消失时间和籽粒黑层出现时间较正常发育的籽粒缩短，S3处理影响最显著，XY335﹑ZD958和 DH661的S3处理的籽粒乳线消失所需时间较CK分别缩短10 d、6 d和4 d，籽粒黑层出现所需时间较CK分别缩短10 d、5 d 和4 d。【结论】去苞叶后灌浆速率最大时的生长量、达最大灌浆速率时的天数和籽粒灌浆活跃期均显著降低，籽粒脱水速率显著提高，导致籽粒灌浆时间缩短，籽粒干物质积累量显著下降，籽粒乳线消失和黑层出现的时间较正常发育籽粒缩短，进而严重影响夏玉米籽粒的正常灌浆，最终导致夏玉米产量显著下降，且其影响程度随去苞叶数目的增加而加剧。

关键词: 夏玉米, 苞叶, 产量, 籽粒灌浆

Abstract: 【Objective】 A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of dislodging subtending leaf on grain yield, grain volume, dry weight, dehydrating rate and grain filling rate of summer maize.【Method】Three maize cultivars XY335, ZD958 and DH661 were used to analyze the effects of subtending leaf on grain yield and yield components, grain filling (grain volume, dry matter and dehydrating rate), and the time of milk lines disappearance and black layer appearance of summer maize by setting different dislodging subtending leaf treatments such as dislodging 1/4 subtending leaf (S1), dislodging 1/2 subtending leaf (S2), dislodging all subtending leaves (S3), and CK. 【Result】 The results showed that grain yield of summer maize decreased significantly after dislodging subtending leaf. Grain yields of S1, S2 and S3 of XY335 decreased by 9.45%, 13.78% and 27.89% respectively, compared to CK. Yields of ZD958 decreased by 10.72%, 15.07% and 24.75%, respectively, compared to CK. Yields of DH661 decreased by 9.31%, 16.01% and 22.35%, respectively. The damage increased with increasing number of dislodging subtending leaf. Grain weight and grain number per panicle of summer maize decreased significantly after subtending leaves were dislodged. The greatest effect was observed under the S3 treatment. Grain weight and grain number per panicle of S3 decreased by 15.30% and 14.87% in XY335 compared to CK, that of ZD958 decreased by 11.22% and 15.24% compared to CK, and that of DH661 decreased by 15.10% and 8.55% compared to CK. In addition, dislodging subtending leaf significantly affected grain filling characteristics. The damage increased with increasing number of dislodging subtending leaf. Days of reaching maximum grain filling rate (D_max) decreased significantly, and was the most susceptible to damage from dislodging all subtending leaves (S3). That of XY335, ZD958 and DH661 decreased by 3 d, 4 d, and 3.5 d compared to CK. Weight of reaching maximum grain filling rate (W_max) and active grain filling period (P) decreased significantly after the subtending leaves were dislodged, of which the most susceptible to damage was from the S3 treatment. W_max of XY335, DH661, and ZD958 is S3 decreased by 12.75%, 17.78%, and 17.12%, respectively, compared to CK. P of S1, S2, and S3 in DH661 decreased by 6.22%, 9.82%, and 11.78%, respectively, compared to CK. XY335 decreased by 5.39%, 8.39%, and 13.09%. ZD958 decreased by 0.17%, 2.39%, and 5.97%, respectively, compared to CK. Furthermore, dislodging subtending leaf decreased grain volume, grain fresh weight and days of reaching milk lines disappearance and black layer appearance, and increased dehydrating rate. Days of reaching milk lines disappearance of S3 decreased by 10 d, 6 d, and 4 d, respectively, compared to CK in XY335, ZD958, and DH661. Days of black layer appearance decreased by 10 d, 5 d, and 4 d, respectively, compared to CK in XY335, ZD958, and DH661.【Conclusion】Dislodging subtending leaf decreased days of maximum grain filling (D_max), weight of maximum grain filling rate (W_max), maximum grain filling (G_max), resulted in the decline of grain dry matter, affected grain filling characteristics, decreased the time of milk lines disappearance and black layer appearance, leading to the decrease of grain yield of summer maize. The effects decreased with the increase of the number of removed subtending leaves.

Key words: summer maize, subtending leaf, grain yield, grain filling

秦营营，董树亭，魏珊珊，张吉旺，刘鹏，赵斌. 去苞叶对夏玉米籽粒灌浆特性和产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(11): 2118-2126.

QIN Ying-ying, DONG Shu-ting, WEI Shan-shan, ZHANG Ji-wang, LIU Peng, ZHAO Bin. Effects of Dislodging Subtending Leaf on Grain Filling and Yield of Summer Maize[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(11): 2118-2126.

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