高温和外源ABA对不同持绿型小麦品种籽粒发育及内源激素含量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.11.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨花后高温和外源脱落酸（ABA）对不同持绿型小麦籽粒胚乳细胞增殖、籽粒灌浆和内源激素的影响，为高温逆境下采用激素调控措施提高粒重提供理论依据。【方法】选用持绿型汶农6号和非持绿型济麦20，花后1—5 d，用透明聚乙烯塑料膜搭设增温棚进行高温处理，同时花后1—3 d喷施10 mg?L-1的ABA于穗部，用量100 mL?m-2，3次重复。定期取籽粒样，用高效液相色谱法测定4种内源激素，用简易胚乳细胞计数法测定胚乳细胞数目，Richard方程对籽粒增重及胚乳细胞增殖动态模拟并计算相关参数。【结果】高温处理显著降低了两品种强弱势籽粒的胚乳细胞数目，降低胚乳细胞增殖速率，但延长了籽粒胚乳细胞活跃分裂期和实际分裂终期；显著降低两品种弱势籽粒的灌浆速率，缩短了两品种弱势粒的生长活跃期及实际灌浆终期。高温处理显著降低两品种千粒重和穗粒数，其中汶农6号强、弱势粒分别减少3.7和8.2 粒/穗，济麦20强、弱势粒分别减少1.3和4.3 粒/穗；显著降低两品种产量，汶农6号和济麦20产量分别降低19.65%和26.22%。常温及高温下喷施ABA均显著提高了两品种灌浆速率，提高了籽粒胚乳细胞增殖速率，扩大胚乳细胞数目。高温处理降低了强弱势籽粒ZR含量，显著提高了济麦20强、弱势粒花后3—27 d的GA3含量，显著提高汶农6号花后12—27 d的GA3含量；但降低了弱势粒花后15—27 d的IAA含量。高温处理下喷施ABA，降低了济麦20强势粒花后3—9 d ZR含量，但显著提高济麦20强势粒花后3—28 d内源ABA含量，显著提高汶农6号强势粒花后3—18 d ABA含量。常温下喷施ABA显著降低了济麦20和汶农6号强、弱势粒的GA3含量；高温下喷施ABA，显著降低了汶农6号强弱势粒的GA3含量，降低济麦20强势粒花后3—12 d的GA3含量，显著降低弱势粒花后6—15 d的GA3含量。常温下喷施ABA显著提高济麦20强势粒花后12—18 d的IAA含量；提高了汶农6号强势粒花后6—18 d IAA含量，显著提高两品种弱势粒花后6—27 d IAA含量。持绿型汶农6号的千粒重和产量均显著大于非持绿型济麦20。【结论】高温胁迫对非持绿型品种的产量和两品种弱势粒粒数影响较大，高温降低了两品种籽粒胚乳细胞数目，降低籽粒灌浆速率，最终导致粒重及产量降低。喷施外源ABA通过调节内源激素水平，促进胚乳细胞分裂，扩大了常温及高温下籽粒库容量，提高了籽粒灌浆速率，从而提高了籽粒产量。

关键词: 高温 , 内源激素 , 持绿 , 胚乳细胞数目 , 籽粒灌浆

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to test the effects of high temperature stress and spraying exogenous absisic acid (ABA) post-anthesis on endosperm cell division, grain filling and changes of endogenous hormones in different types of stay-green wheat cultivars, and provide a theoretical basis for enhancing grain weight and minimizing the loss of grain yield result from high temperature. 【Method】 Both Wennong 6 (a stay-green cultivar) and Jimai 20(a non-stay-green cultivar) were grown in the experimental plots covered with transparent plastic sheds at 1 to 5 days after anthesis (DAA), which were mimicked the high temperature that occurs during the natural heat event in this region, whilst exogenous ABA (10 mg?L-1) to the spikes was sprayed at the rate of 100 mL?m-2 between 5 pm and 6 pm from 1 to 3 DAA. High performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC) and a simple method of endosperm cell number determination were used to determine endogenous hormones contents and endosperm cell number, respectively. Both grain filling process and endosperm cell division process were simulated by Richard equation, and then the related parameters were calculated. 【Result】 The endosperm cell number of superior and inferior grains in both cultivars were significantly decreased by high temperature stress, and the endosperm cell division rate was markedly decreased. However, high temperature extended the active endosperm cell division period and the division duration. The grain filling rate of inferior grains in both cultivars was decreased in the high temperature treatment. Grain-filling duration and the active growth phase were also reduced in the high temperature treatment. High temperature after anthesis significantly decreased the number of grains per spike and thousand-grain weight. In contrast, Wennong 6 showed 3.7 and 8.2 grain/spike reduction in superior and inferior grains, respectively. Similarly, Jimai 20 was reduced by 1.3 and 4.3 grain/spike in superior and inferior grains, respectively. The final grain yield of Jimai 20 decreased by 26.22% due to high temperature treatment, and that of Wennong6 decreased only by 19.65%. Spraying exogenous ABA obviously improved grain filling rate, endosperm division rate and increased endosperm cell number in both normal and high temperature treatments. Although the zeatin riboside (ZR) contents in superior and inferior grains were significantly decreased in the high temperature treatment, the gibberellin (GA3) contents in Jimai 20 were markedly enhanced at 3 to 27 DAA, and those in Wennong 6 were also increased at 12 to 27 DAA. The auxin (IAA) content of inferior grains in Wennong 6 was significantly decreased at 15 to 27 DAA in high temperature treatment. The ZR content of superior grains in Jimai 20 was decreased at 3 to 9 DAA by spraying exogenous ABA in the high temperature treatment, but endogenous ABA content of superior grains in Jimai 20 was obviously increased at 3 to 28 DAA and that in Wennong 6 was also increased at 3 to 18 DAA. In the normal temperature treatment, spraying ABA significantly decreased the GA3 contents in both Wennong 6 and Jimai 20. Together, spraying exogenous ABA decreased the GA3 contents of superior and inferior grains in Wennng 6 at 3 to 27 DAA in high temperature treatment, and decreased those in Jimai 20 at 3 to12 DAA and 6 to 15 DAA, respectively. In the normal temperature treatment spraying ABA increased IAA content of superior grains in Jimai 20 at 12 to 18 DAA, and also increased that in Wennong 6 at 6 to 18 DAA. Meanwhile, IAA contents of inferior grains in both cultivars were significantly improved at 6 to 27 DAA. In addition, compared with Jimai 20, Wennong 6 had longer grain-filling duration and the active growth phase, higher mean grain-filling rate and maximum grain-filling rate, larger thousand-grain weight, and greater grain yield.【Conclusion】Both no-stay-green cultivar and inferior grains of the two cultivars were much more influenced by high temperature stress. Grain weight and yield reduction result from high temperature decreased kernel sink and grain filling rate. Exogenous ABA improved grain yield due to increasing the grain sink capacity and grain filling rate through regulating endogenous hormones contents to promote endosperm division and photosynthate accumulation in normal treatment and high temperature stress.

Key words: high temperature , endogenous hormones , stay-green , endosperm cell number , grain filling

杨东清1, 王振林1, 倪英丽1, 2, 尹燕枰1, 蔡铁1, 杨卫兵1, 彭佃亮1, 崔正勇1, 江文文1. 高温和外源ABA对不同持绿型小麦品种籽粒发育及内源激素含量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(11): 2109-2125.

YANG Dong-Qing-1, WANG Zhen-Lin-1, NI Ying-Li-1, 2 , YIN Yan-Ping-1, CAI Tie-1, YANG Wei-Bing-1, PENG Dian-Liang-1, CUI Zheng-Yong-1, JIANG Wen-Wen-1. Effect of High Temperature Stress and Spraying Exogenous ABA Post-Anthesis on Grain Filling and Grain Yield in Different Types of Stay-Green Wheat[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(11): 2109-2125.

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