中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (9): 1856-1868.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.09.004

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

密植条件下玉米品种混播提高籽粒灌浆性能和产量

胡旦旦(),李荣发,刘鹏(),董树亭(),赵斌,张吉旺,任佰朝   

  1. 山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-08 接受日期:2020-09-27 出版日期:2021-05-01 发布日期:2021-05-10
  • 通讯作者: 刘鹏,董树亭
  • 作者简介:胡旦旦,E-mail:hudandan0110@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300603);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300106)

Mixed-Cropping Improved on Grain Filling Characteristics and Yield of Maize Under High Planting Densities

HU DanDan(),LI RongFa,LIU Peng(),DONG ShuTing(),ZHAO Bin,ZHANG JiWang,REN BaiZhao   

  1. College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an 271018, Shandong
  • Received:2020-07-08 Accepted:2020-09-27 Online:2021-05-01 Published:2021-05-10
  • Contact: Peng LIU,ShuTing DONG

摘要:

【目的】探究密植条件下玉米品种混播对夏玉米籽粒灌浆性能及产量形成的影响。【方法】以郑单958(ZD958)和登海605(DH605)为试验材料,设置3个种植密度(D1,67 500株/hm2;D2,82 500株/hm2;D3,97 500株/hm2)和2个不同混播方式(M:等种子量混合后随机播种;I:1行郑单958和1行登海605混播),以相同密度下单播郑单958(SZD958)和登海605(SDH605)为对照,研究密植夏玉米品种混播对花后干物质积累与转运、籽粒灌浆特性和产量形成的影响。【结果】随种植密度增加,不同播种方式处理的花后干物质积累量显著增加,成熟期单株干物质积累量和籽粒灌浆参数降低;虽然千粒重降低但群体产量显著增加。在D1密度下,混播处理较单播无显著增产优势;D2和D3密度下,2个品种混播后夏玉米产量显著增加。D2密度下M和I处理2年平均产量较SZD958分别增加8.70%和8.09%,较SDH605分别增加6.92%和6.32%;D3密度下M和I处理2年平均产量较SZD958分别增加7.24%和7.55%,较SDH605分别增加4.98%和5.28%。D2和D3密度下,2个品种混播后增加了籽粒最大灌浆速率(Gmax)、灌浆速率最大时的生长量(Wmax)和粒重,且百粒重与灌浆速率达到最大时需要的天数(Tmax)、Wmax、Gmax、籽粒灌浆活跃期(P)呈极显著正相关。D2密度下M和I处理2年平均Wmax较SZD958分别显著增加11.61%和11.12%,较SDH605分别增加5.86%和5.38%;D3密度下M和I处理2年平均Wmax较SZD958显著增加10.32%和9.75%,较SDH605显著增加5.63%和5.08%。混播后成熟期单株干物质积累量、花后干物质积累量、转运量、干物质转运率较单播增加。D2密度下M和I处理2年平均花后干物质积累量较SZD958分别显著增加4.43%和7.56%,较SDH605分别显著增加5.25%和8.36%;D3密度下M和I处理2年平均花后干物质积累量较SZD958分别显著增加3.85%和4.68%,较SDH605分别显著增加4.52%和5.36%。【结论】低密度下混播无增产效应,在82 500株/hm2和97 500株/hm2密度下,混播显著增加了花后干物质积累与转运,提高了夏玉米籽粒最大灌浆速率和灌浆速率最大时的生长量,促进了籽粒灌浆,最终夏玉米产量显著增加。

关键词: 夏玉米, 密度, 混播, 籽粒灌浆特性, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mixed planting of maize varieties on grain filling characteristics and yield under close planting conditions. 【Method】Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) and Denghai 605 (DH605) were used as experimental materials. Three planting densities (D1, 67 500 plants/hm2; D2, 82 500 plants/hm2; D3, 97 500 plants/hm2), and two different mixed-cropping planting patterns (mixture (M), random sowing after mixing seeds of the two varieties in the same proportion; I, one row of ZD958 and one row of DH605) were arranged, with the same density of Zhengdan 958 (SZD958) and Denghai 605 (SDH605) as controls. Effects of mixed planting of maize varieties on the dry matter accumulation and translocation, grain filling characteristics and yield of summer maize were investigated under close planting conditions. 【Result】With the increase of planting density, the dry matter accumulation of different planting methods after anthesis increased, while the dry matter accumulation per plant at maturity and the grain filling parameters decreased. Although the 1000-grain weight decreased, the population yield increased significantly. There were no significant differences in the grain yields among the different treatments at D1 density. The grain yields obtained under the M and I treatments were higher than those of the monoculture treatments at D2 and D3 densities. Under D2 density, the 2-year average data showed that the grain yields obtained under the M and I treatments increased by 8.70% and 8.09% than that of SZD958, and 6.92% and 6.32% than that of SDH605, respectively. At D3 density, the grain yields obtained under the M and I treatments increased by 7.24% and 7.55% than that of SZD958, and 4.98% and 5.28% than that of SDH605, respectively. At D2 and D3 densities, the Gmax (maximum grain-filling rate), Wmax (kernel weight at the maximum grain filling rate) and grain weight were increased under the M and I treatments. And the 100-kernel weight was extremely significantly positively correlated with the days needed for reaching the maximum grain-filling rate (Tmax), Wmax, Gmax, and active grain filling period (P) at P<0.01. At D2 density, the average Wmax for two years under M and I treatments increased significantly by 11.61% and 11.12% than that of SZD958, and 5.86% and 5.38% than that of SDH605, respectively. The average Wmax at M and I treatments at D3 density increased significantly by 10.32% and 9.75% than that of SZD958, and 5.63% and 5.08% than that of SDH605, respectively. The dry matter accumulation per plant at maturity, dry matter accumulation after anthesis, the transfer amount and translocation efficiency of dry matter for M and I treatments increased than those of SZD958 and SDH605. The 2-year average data showed that dry matter accumulation after anthesis obtained under the M and 1:1 treatments increased by 4.43% and 7.56% than that of SZD958, and 5.25% and 8.36% than that of SDH605 at D2 density, respectively. The dry matter accumulation after anthesis obtained under the M and I treatments increased by 3.85% and 4.68% than that of SZD958, and by 4.52% and 5.36% than that of SDH605 at D3 density, respectively. 【Conclusion】There were no significant differences in the grain yields among the different treatments at low density. Under 82 500 plant/hm2 and 97 500 plant/hm2 density, the mixed cropping significantly increased dry matter accumulation and transport after anthesis, improved the maximum grain filling rate of summer maize and weight of maximum grain filling rate, promoted grain filling, and finally increased the yield significantly.

Key words: summer maize, density, mixed-cropping, grain filling characteristics, yield