密植条件下玉米品种混播提高籽粒灌浆性能和产量

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.09.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究密植条件下玉米品种混播对夏玉米籽粒灌浆性能及产量形成的影响。【方法】以郑单958（ZD958）和登海605（DH605）为试验材料,设置3个种植密度（D1,67 500株/hm²;D2,82 500株/hm²;D3,97 500株/hm²）和2个不同混播方式（M：等种子量混合后随机播种;I：1行郑单958和1行登海605混播）,以相同密度下单播郑单958（SZD958）和登海605（SDH605）为对照,研究密植夏玉米品种混播对花后干物质积累与转运、籽粒灌浆特性和产量形成的影响。【结果】随种植密度增加,不同播种方式处理的花后干物质积累量显著增加,成熟期单株干物质积累量和籽粒灌浆参数降低;虽然千粒重降低但群体产量显著增加。在D1密度下,混播处理较单播无显著增产优势;D2和D3密度下,2个品种混播后夏玉米产量显著增加。D2密度下M和I处理2年平均产量较SZD958分别增加8.70%和8.09%,较SDH605分别增加6.92%和6.32%;D3密度下M和I处理2年平均产量较SZD958分别增加7.24%和7.55%,较SDH605分别增加4.98%和5.28%。D2和D3密度下,2个品种混播后增加了籽粒最大灌浆速率（G_max）、灌浆速率最大时的生长量（W_max）和粒重,且百粒重与灌浆速率达到最大时需要的天数（T_max）、W_max、G_max、籽粒灌浆活跃期（P）呈极显著正相关。D2密度下M和I处理2年平均W_max较SZD958分别显著增加11.61%和11.12%,较SDH605分别增加5.86%和5.38%;D3密度下M和I处理2年平均W_max较SZD958显著增加10.32%和9.75%,较SDH605显著增加5.63%和5.08%。混播后成熟期单株干物质积累量、花后干物质积累量、转运量、干物质转运率较单播增加。D2密度下M和I处理2年平均花后干物质积累量较SZD958分别显著增加4.43%和7.56%,较SDH605分别显著增加5.25%和8.36%;D3密度下M和I处理2年平均花后干物质积累量较SZD958分别显著增加3.85%和4.68%,较SDH605分别显著增加4.52%和5.36%。【结论】低密度下混播无增产效应,在82 500株/hm²和97 500株/hm²密度下,混播显著增加了花后干物质积累与转运,提高了夏玉米籽粒最大灌浆速率和灌浆速率最大时的生长量,促进了籽粒灌浆,最终夏玉米产量显著增加。

关键词: 夏玉米, 密度, 混播, 籽粒灌浆特性, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mixed planting of maize varieties on grain filling characteristics and yield under close planting conditions. 【Method】Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) and Denghai 605 (DH605) were used as experimental materials. Three planting densities (D1, 67 500 plants/hm²; D2, 82 500 plants/hm²; D3, 97 500 plants/hm²), and two different mixed-cropping planting patterns (mixture (M), random sowing after mixing seeds of the two varieties in the same proportion; I, one row of ZD958 and one row of DH605) were arranged, with the same density of Zhengdan 958 (SZD958) and Denghai 605 (SDH605) as controls. Effects of mixed planting of maize varieties on the dry matter accumulation and translocation, grain filling characteristics and yield of summer maize were investigated under close planting conditions. 【Result】With the increase of planting density, the dry matter accumulation of different planting methods after anthesis increased, while the dry matter accumulation per plant at maturity and the grain filling parameters decreased. Although the 1000-grain weight decreased, the population yield increased significantly. There were no significant differences in the grain yields among the different treatments at D1 density. The grain yields obtained under the M and I treatments were higher than those of the monoculture treatments at D2 and D3 densities. Under D2 density, the 2-year average data showed that the grain yields obtained under the M and I treatments increased by 8.70% and 8.09% than that of SZD958, and 6.92% and 6.32% than that of SDH605, respectively. At D3 density, the grain yields obtained under the M and I treatments increased by 7.24% and 7.55% than that of SZD958, and 4.98% and 5.28% than that of SDH605, respectively. At D2 and D3 densities, the G_max(maximum grain-filling rate), W_max(kernel weight at the maximum grain filling rate) and grain weight were increased under the M and I treatments. And the 100-kernel weight was extremely significantly positively correlated with the days needed for reaching the maximum grain-filling rate (T_max), W_max, G_max, and active grain filling period (P) at P<0.01. At D2 density, the average W_max for two years under M and I treatments increased significantly by 11.61% and 11.12% than that of SZD958, and 5.86% and 5.38% than that of SDH605, respectively. The average W_max at M and I treatments at D3 density increased significantly by 10.32% and 9.75% than that of SZD958, and 5.63% and 5.08% than that of SDH605, respectively. The dry matter accumulation per plant at maturity, dry matter accumulation after anthesis, the transfer amount and translocation efficiency of dry matter for M and I treatments increased than those of SZD958 and SDH605. The 2-year average data showed that dry matter accumulation after anthesis obtained under the M and 1:1 treatments increased by 4.43% and 7.56% than that of SZD958, and 5.25% and 8.36% than that of SDH605 at D2 density, respectively. The dry matter accumulation after anthesis obtained under the M and I treatments increased by 3.85% and 4.68% than that of SZD958, and by 4.52% and 5.36% than that of SDH605 at D3 density, respectively. 【Conclusion】There were no significant differences in the grain yields among the different treatments at low density. Under 82 500 plant/hm² and 97 500 plant/hm² density, the mixed cropping significantly increased dry matter accumulation and transport after anthesis, improved the maximum grain filling rate of summer maize and weight of maximum grain filling rate, promoted grain filling, and finally increased the yield significantly.

Key words: summer maize, density, mixed-cropping, grain filling characteristics, yield

胡旦旦,李荣发,刘鹏,董树亭,赵斌,张吉旺,任佰朝. 密植条件下玉米品种混播提高籽粒灌浆性能和产量[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(9): 1856-1868.

HU DanDan,LI RongFa,LIU Peng,DONG ShuTing,ZHAO Bin,ZHANG JiWang,REN BaiZhao. Mixed-Cropping Improved on Grain Filling Characteristics and Yield of Maize Under High Planting Densities[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(9): 1856-1868.

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年份 Year	密度 Planting density	种植方式 Planting pattern	收获穗数 Harvest ear number (ears/hm²)	穗粒数 Grains per ear	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	空秆率 Barrenness (%)	产量 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
2017	D1	SZD958	64400.8c	542.9a	357.0ef	2.86ef	10014.5e
		SDH605	64377.5c	522.0c	388.7a	3.69cdef	10129.1e
		M	64565.0c	541.7a	376.3b	2.64def	10315.0e
		I	65012.5c	536.0b	366.4cd	3.27ef	10155.3e
	D2	SZD958	78953.3b	462.5e	343.5gh	3.18bc	10850.2d
		SDH605	79314.2b	464.8e	363.0de	3.97b	11064.8d
		M	79279.2b	484.8d	372.3bc	2.81f	11928.5c
		I	79354.6b	479.7d	368.8bcd	2.97cde	11798.3c
	D3	SZD958	94190.0a	430.7g	314.2j	4.11b	12419.8b
		SDH605	94379.3a	418.4h	333.4i	4.80a	12692.3b
		M	94210.8a	445.4f	348.2fg	2.91bc	13234.2a
		I	94293.8a	431.9g	336.6hi	3.15bcd	13424.2a
2018	D1	SZD958	64476.7c	504.1bc	345.8bc	3.15b	10278.1e
		SDH605	63365.0c	496.4cd	358.0ab	3.34ab	10455.7e
		M	65032.5c	518.5a	361.6a	3.21b	10594.1e
		I	64754.6c	509.5ab	354.2abc	3.11ab	10391.2e
	D2	SZD958	78928.3b	461.5f	332.4de	4.08ab	11036.0d
		SDH605	78372.5b	449.1g	353.9abc	4.66ab	11184.3d
		M	79484.2b	482.9e	358.3ab	2.97b	11859.9c
		I	79206.3b	486.8de	355.0abc	3.77b	11857.0c
	D3	SZD958	94491.7a	425.6h	319.1f	4.68ab	12662.9b
		SDH605	93935.8a	416.2h	326.2ef	5.69a	12929.9b
		M	95603.3a	451.4fg	344.0cd	3.95ab	13665.0a
		I	94769.6a	444.1g	343.8cd	4.04b	13550.0a
年份Year (Y)			NS	***	***	**	***
密度Density (D)			***	***	***	***	***
种植方式 Planting pattern (T)			NS	***	***	***	***
Y×D			NS	***	***	NS	NS
Y×T			NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
D×T			NS	*	**	NS	***
Y×D×T			NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

年份 Year	密度 Planting density	种植方式 Planting pattern	R	A	B	C	T_max (d)	W_max (g)	G_max (g·d^-1)	P (d)
2017	D1	SZD958	0.9965	31.29	63.80	0.15	28.27abc	15.65cd	1.15abc	40.87abc
		SDH605	0.9964	32.76	64.05	0.14	28.76a	16.38ab	1.18a	41.52ab
		M	0.9957	33.06	58.82	0.14	28.58ab	16.53a	1.18a	42.11a
		I	0.9965	32.67	65.17	0.15	28.65a	16.34ab	1.19a	41.20ab
	D2	SZD958	0.9973	28.76	64.58	0.15	27.68cde	14.38fg	1.08d	39.86bcd
		SDH605	0.9966	29.84	65.04	0.15	27.74cde	14.92ef	1.12bcd	40.01bcd
		M	0.9973	31.63	62.93	0.15	27.75bcde	15.82bc	1.18a	40.20abcd
		I	0.9969	31.25	68.92	0.15	28.09abcd	15.62cd	1.18a	39.83bcd
	D3	SZD958	0.9973	27.89	75.93	0.16	27.09e	13.94g	1.11cd	37.57e
		SDH605	0.9973	29.00	70.99	0.16	27.37de	14.50fg	1.13bcd	38.58de
		M	0.9974	30.30	74.29	0.16	27.72cde	15.15de	1.18a	38.66de
		I	0.9978	30.25	69.65	0.15	27.66cde	15.13de	1.16ab	39.12de
2018	D1	SZD958	0.9988	33.81	54.35	0.14	28.03ab	16.91b	1.20abc	42.34ab
		SDH605	0.9983	34.32	53.40	0.14	28.04ab	17.16ab	1.21ab	42.42ab
		M	0.9988	34.56	53.75	0.14	27.97ab	17.28ab	1.23a	42.21ab
		I	0.9989	35.13	53.27	0.14	28.33a	17.57a	1.23a	42.83a
	D2	SZD958	0.9977	29.78	53.21	0.14	27.53b	14.89d	1.07ef	41.81ab
		SDH605	0.9984	31.96	52.56	0.14	27.77ab	15.98c	1.14bcde	42.13ab
		M	0.9991	33.75	53.36	0.14	27.93ab	16.87b	1.20abc	42.39ab
		I	0.9992	33.79	51.32	0.14	27.94ab	16.89b	1.19abcd	42.80a
	D3	SZD958	0.9990	28.09	51.65	0.14	27.33b	14.05e	1.01f	41.62b
		SDH605	0.9988	29.51	54.12	0.14	27.63ab	14.75d	1.06ef	41.59b
		M	0.9994	31.42	54.41	0.14	27.85ab	15.71c	1.13cde	41.90ab
		I	0.9993	31.09	51.54	0.14	27.63ab	15.55c	1.11de	42.18ab

年份 Year	密度 Planting density	种植方式 Planting pattern	干物质积累比例 Dry matter partitioning rate (%)
年份 Year	密度 Planting density	种植方式 Planting pattern	茎秆 Stem	叶片 Leaf	穗轴 Rachis	雄穗 Tassel	苞叶 Husk	籽粒 Grain
2017	D1	SZD958	18.90	11.66	3.10	0.75	6.80	58.79
		SDH605	18.81	11.83	2.86	0.42	6.65	59.42
		M	18.49	11.60	2.75	0.89	6.78	59.49
		I	18.65	11.55	2.83	0.68	6.51	59.79
	D2	SZD958	18.85	11.52	2.68	1.14	6.90	58.30
		SDH605	18.96	11.44	2.47	0.55	6.78	59.80
		M	18.75	11.94	2.48	0.54	5.65	60.65
		I	18.64	11.96	2.70	0.73	6.12	60.15
	D3	SZD958	19.08	11.49	2.65	0.56	6.44	57.17
		SDH605	18.66	11.41	3.01	0.64	6.66	59.63
		M	18.31	11.12	2.67	0.45	6.59	60.87
		I	18.30	11.16	2.68	0.62	6.73	60.51
2018	D1	SZD958	18.12	12.60	4.15	0.96	6.72	57.44
		SDH605	17.68	12.50	3.98	0.63	5.96	59.25
		M	17.54	12.20	3.48	0.94	6.71	59.13
		I	17.52	12.11	3.63	0.82	6.79	59.14
	D2	SZD958	18.64	11.93	4.29	0.87	6.90	57.64
		SDH605	18.44	11.98	3.37	0.63	7.16	58.99
		M	18.2	12.16	3.64	1.04	5.99	59.58
		I	18.35	11.67	3.55	0.93	6.35	59.68
	D3	SZD958	18.71	11.57	3.68	0.75	7.46	57.83
		SDH605	19.16	11.84	2.56	0.47	7.04	58.93
		M	18.51	11.57	3.06	0.90	5.89	60.08
		I	18.50	11.42	3.15	0.78	6.14	60.02

年份 Year	密度 Planting density	种植方式 Planting pattern	花后干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulation after anthesis (kg·hm^-2)	干物质转运量 Transfer amount of dry matter (kg·hm^-2)	干物质转运率 Translocation efficiency of dry matter (%)	花后干物质转运对籽粒的贡献率 Contribution rate to grain of dry matter transportation (%)
2017	D1	SZD958	13078.6gh	1762. 6d	21.4d	14.0b
		SDH605	12699.4h	1755.7d	21.6d	14.2ab
		M	12936.8gh	1847.9d	22.5bcd	14.7ab
		I	12895.7gh	1819.6d	22.1cd	14.5ab
	D2	SZD958	13706.5ef	1838.7d	21.3d	14.1ab
		SDH605	13386.8fg	1986.9cd	22.8bcd	15.0ab
		M	14172.4d	2335.6ab	24.1ab	16.1ab
		I	14100.9de	2192.4bc	23.1bcd	15.5ab
	D3	SZD958	15012.1c	2231. 8bc	22.7bcd	15.4ab
		SDH605	15220.2bc	2312.3ab	23.5abc	15.5ab
		M	15562.9ab	2512.6a	25.0a	16.3a
		I	15773.9a	2397.2ab	24.0ab	15.7ab
2018	D1	SZD958	12636.2ef	1836.2g	22.8e	15.3e
		SDH605	12327.3f	1879.2fg	23.5de	15.5de
		M	12614.0ef	2063.0ef	24.7bcde	17.0abcd
		I	12929.2ef	1842.5g	23.0e	15.4de
	D2	SZD958	13247.6e	2096.3de	23.5de	15.9cde
		SDH605	12773.2ef	2187.4de	23.8cde	16.7bcde
		M	13976.9d	2411.2bc	25.3abcd	17.2abc
		I	14335.6cd	2282.4cd	25.1bcd	16.3cde
	D3	SZD958	15477.8ab	2445.6bc	23.8cde	17.2abc
		SDH605	14992.9bc	2600.3ab	25.8abc	18.2ab
		M	16148.3a	2790.8a	26.4ab	18.4a
		I	16157.2a	2774.9a	27.1a	18.1ab

相关系数 Correlation coefficient	A₁	A₂	A₃	A₄	A₅	A₆	A₇	A₈	A₉	A₁₀
A₁	1
A₂	0.632**	1
A₃	0.375**	0.729**	1
A₄	0.466**	0.655**	0.063	1
A₅	-0.450**	-0.345**	-0.276*	-0.149	1
A₆	-0.299*	0.016	0.006	0.121	0.858**	1
A₇	-0.204	-0.326**	-0.271*	-0.165	0.298*	0.236*	1
A₈	0.362**	0.503**	0.472**	0.204	-0.359**	-0.217	-0.687**	1
A₉	0.631**	0.958**	0.815**	0.504**	-0.391**	-0.045	-0.536**	0.815**	1
A₁₀	-0.273*	-0.390**	-0.340**	-0.184	0.376**	0.264*	0.926**	-0.777**	-0.513**	1