玉米籽粒比重与灌浆特性的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.12.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】玉米籽粒比重与容重呈显著正相关，容重偏低一直是中国玉米低商品品质的主要问题之一。论文旨在探讨玉米籽粒比重在籽粒灌浆过程中的建成动态及其与籽粒灌浆特性的关系，以期为提高籽粒比重和容重，改善玉米商品品质提供理论依据。【方法】选用普通型品种农大108（ND108）、硬粒型品种费玉4号（FY4）、高淀粉型品种费玉3号（FY3）和郑单18（ZD18）为供试材料，对授粉后玉米籽粒的干比重、鲜比重、百粒干重、单粒鲜体积和水分含量进行测定，采用回归分析讨论比重与灌浆特性的关系。【结果】籽粒鲜比重授粉后随着籽粒的发育呈上升趋势，到成熟期趋于稳定；而干比重在灌浆前期处于下降趋势，授粉后20—35 d是其增长的快速时期，到灌浆后期基本趋于稳定；成熟期FY4、FY3及ZD18籽粒干比重和鲜比重均大于对照ND108。百粒干重和单粒鲜体积在灌浆前期增长迅速，之后增长速率变缓，至成熟期逐渐趋于稳定，其授粉后的变化趋势均可用Logistic曲线较好的模拟，各回归方程的相关系数在0.986—0.999，均达到显著水平，FY4、FY3和ZD18成熟期百粒干重和单粒鲜体积均大于ND108；授粉后随着干物质的不断积累，籽粒水分含量迅速下降，平均每天下降1.302个百分点。籽粒鲜比重与百粒干重（R²=0.851，P＜0.01）、单粒鲜体积（R²=0.594，P＜0.05）均呈显著正相关，而与水分含量（R²=0.803，P＜0.01）呈显著负相关。以灌浆期的百粒干重，单粒鲜体积和水分含量为自变量x，籽粒干比重为依变量y，用二次曲线方程y=a+bx+cx²对它们之间的回归关系进行拟合，方差分析表明各方程回归系数在0.623—0.748，F检验均达到显著水平（P＜0.01），其中干比重与籽粒水分含量的关系最为密切（r=0.731，P＜0.01）。当百粒干重、单粒鲜体积和水分含量分别为18.75 g、0.589 cm³和61.5%时，干比重处于最小值，此时对应的各品种授粉后天数分别在24.0—28.1 d、16.3—20.7 d和21.1—23.6 d，均处在籽粒快速增长期，说明在16—28 d内籽粒快增持续期阶段内，是籽粒干比重形成的关键时期。【结论】籽粒干比重在灌浆前期处于下降趋势，之后快速增长到灌浆后期基本趋于稳定；籽粒灌浆快增持续期是干比重形成的关键时期，此期间影响籽粒灌浆将显著影响干比重的大小；干比重与籽粒水分含量的关系最为密切，回归系数达0.731。

关键词: 玉米, 比重, 籽粒灌浆, 回归分析

Abstract: 【Objective】The specific gravity of maize grains is positively and significantly correlated with test weight. Low test weight has been one of the major problems of low grain commodity quality in maize. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the dynamic of maize specific gravity in grain filling process and the correlation between specific gravity and grain filling traits, in order to improve the specific gravity and test weight, and provide a theoretical basis for improving the grain commodity quality. 【Method】 Four maize varieties including the normal type variety Nongda 108(ND108), durum variety Feiyu4(FY4), high starch varieties Feiyu3(FY3) and Zhengdan18(ZD18) were planted in this experiment. The specific gravity of maize grains and grain filling indexes including 100-kernel dry weight, individual fresh kernel volume and percent water content were determined after pollination. Regression analysis was applied to discuss the relationship between specific gravity and grain filling characteristics.【Result】Along with the development of the grain, the fresh specific gravity showed a rising trend after pollination and tended to be stable in the mature period. However, the dry specific gravity showed a downward trend in early grain filling. A period of 20-35 days was a rapid growth period of dry specific gravity after pollination, and dry specific gravity tended to be stable at the late grain filling stage. The dry specific gravity and fresh specific gravity of FY4, FY3, and ZD18 were higher than those of ND108 at maturity. The 100-kernel dry weight and individual fresh kernel volume increased rapidly at early filling stage, and then their growth rate became slow, and finally became stable at maturity. Their dynamics could be simulated well with Logistic curve after pollination, while the correlation coefficient for each regression equation was in the range of 0.986-0.999 and reached a significant level, respectively. The 100-kernel dry weight and individual fresh kernel volume of FY4, FY3, and ZD18 were higher than those of ND108 at maturity. With dry matter accumulation after pollination, percent water content began to decline rapidly by 1.302% on the average everyday. Fresh specific gravity was positively and significantly correlated with 100- kernel dry weight (R²=0.851，P＜0.01) and individual fresh kernel volume (R²=0.594，P＜0.05). On the contrary, there was a negative and significant correlation between fresh specific gravity and percent water content (R²=0.803，P＜0.01). Taking the 100-kernel dry weight, individual fresh kernel volume and percent water content at filling stage as the independent variable x, and the dry specific gravity as dependent variable y, a quadratic curve equation y=a+bx+cx²was used to fit the regression relationship between them. The variance analysis showed that the regression equation coefficients were in the 0.623-0.748, and F test was significant (P＜0.01). It is worth mentioning that the dry specific gravity was most closely related to percent water content (r=0.731，P＜0.01). Whenhundred dry kernel weight, individual fresh kernel volume and percent water content were 18.75g, 0.589cm3 and 61.5%, the dry specific gravity was at a minimum. The corresponding days after pollination of each variety were 24-28.1 d, 16.3-20.7 d and 21.1-23.6 d, which were all in the fast increasing period. So 16-28 days after pollination is a key period for the formation of the dry specific gravity. 【Conclusion】The dry specific gravity first decreased at the early stage of grain filling, then increased rapidly, and finally stabilized at the late grain filling stage. The fast increasing period of grain filling was a critical period of the formation of the dry specific gravity, at the same time, the effects of this grain filling period will significantly affect the dry specific gravity. The correlation between dry specific gravity and percent water content was the most close, and the regression coefficient is 0.731.

Key words: maize (Zea mays L.), specific gravity, grain filling, regression analysis

张丽，张吉旺，樊昕，刘鹏，董树亭. 玉米籽粒比重与灌浆特性的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(12): 2327-2334.

ZHANG Li, ZHANG Ji-wang, FAN Xin, LIU Peng, DONG Shu-ting. Study on Correlation Between Specific Gravity of Maize Grains and Grain Filling Characteristics[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(12): 2327-2334.

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