中国农业科学 ›› 2013, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (21): 4427-4434.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.21.004

• 专题:气候变化对中国若干作物和动物生产的影响 • 上一篇    下一篇

花粒期光照对夏玉米产量和籽粒灌浆特性的影响

 史建国, 崔海岩, 赵斌, 董树亭, 刘鹏, 张吉旺   

  1. 山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安 271018
  • 收稿日期:2013-05-22 出版日期:2013-11-01 发布日期:2013-08-04
  • 通讯作者: 通信作者张吉旺,Tel:0538-8245838;E-mail:jwzhang@sdau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:史建国,E-mail:247316392@qq.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903003)、国家自然科学基金项目(31271662)、山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目、山东省玉米良种工程课题、山东省玉米育种与栽培技术企业重点实验室开放课题

Effect of Light on Yield and Characteristics of Grain-Filling of Summer Maize from Flowering to Maturity

 SHI  Jian-Guo, CUI  Hai-Yan, ZHAO  Bin, DONG  Shu-Ting, LIU  Peng, ZHANG  Ji-Wang   

  1. Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian 271018, Shandong
  • Received:2013-05-22 Online:2013-11-01 Published:2013-08-04

摘要: 【目的】针对近年来黄淮海夏玉米区太阳辐射不断减少的生产问题,探讨花粒期光照对夏玉米产量及籽粒灌浆特性的影响。【方法】以登海605(DH605)为试验材料,大田条件下设置花粒期遮阴(S)、花粒期增光(L)两个处理,遮光度为60%,阴天下增光的光照强度能达到80 000—100 000 lx,以自然光为对照(CK),研究花粒期光照对夏玉米产量和籽粒灌浆特性的影响。【结果】遮阴后夏玉米的产量、干物质积累量、最大灌浆速率均有不同程度的降低,而增光增加了夏玉米产量、干物质积累量和最大灌浆速率。连续两年遮阴处理的产量较对照分别降低了59.39%、79.03%,而增光则较对照分别增加了16.29%、12.93%。干物质积累量表现为L>CK>S,生育后期不同处理DH605的籽粒占干物质总量的比例差异显著,S、CK和L平均分别为22.92%、48.49%和51.80%。与CK相比,遮阴后籽粒最大灌浆速率减小,同时达到最大灌浆速率时的天数相对增加;增光则使籽粒最大灌浆速率提高,达到最大灌浆速率时的生长量增加。【结论】花粒期遮阴通过降低夏玉米的干物质积累量、籽粒最大灌浆速率,显著降低夏玉米产量;花粒期增光则通过增加夏玉米的干物质积累量、籽粒最大灌浆速率,显著提高夏玉米产量。

关键词: 夏玉米 , 遮阴 , 增光 , 籽粒灌浆 , 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】Owing to the solar radiation has decreased in North China Plain Area, this study is to explore the effects of light on yield and characteristics of grain-filling of summer maize from flowering to maturity stage.【Method】Denghai605 (DH605) was used as experimental material, two treatments of both shading (S) and increasing light (L) from flowering to maturity stage were arranged. The shading degree was 60% and the illumination intensity of the increasing light on cloudy day could reach 80 000- 100 000 lx. One non-shading and non-increasing light treatment was used as control. Effects of light on yield and characteristics of grain-filling of summer maize from flowering to maturity stage were investigated.【Result】Yield, dry matter accumulation, maximum grain-filling rate decreased with different degrees, respectively, after shading from flowering to maturity stage; however, the yield, dry matter accumulation, maximum grain-filling rate increased after increasing light from flowering to maturity stage. Compared to CK, the yields of S were reduced by 59.39% and 79.03% in 2011 and 2012, while the yields of L were increased by 16.29% and 12.93% in two years. The dry matter in response to different treatments showed: L>CK>S. The proportions of different treatments kernel in total dry matter accumulation of DH605 were significantly different during the late growing stage, and the mean values of S, CK and L were 22.92%, 48.49% and 51.80%, respectively. The grain-filling progress of shading and increasing light was obviously different. The maximum grain-filling rate of shading was lower than that of increasing light, and the days before the appearance of maximum grain-filling rate of shading lengthened, the growth increment when the grain-filling rate of increasing light reached its maximum increased. 【Conclusion】Shading decreased the yield of summer maize by reducing the dry matter accumulation and maximum grain-filling rate; increasing light increased grain yield of summer maize by improving the dry matter accumulation and maximum grain-filling rate.

Key words: summer maize , shading , increasing light , grain-filling , yield