寒地黑土农区紫花苜蓿生产与品质对施肥和刈割频次的响应及效益分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.13.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【背景】 东北寒地黑土区气候寒冷生长期较短,以往在退化草地或低产田种植紫花苜蓿,为保证安全越冬,一般每年只能刈割三茬;在 “粮改饲”背景下,寒地黑土农区耕地土质相对较肥沃,田间管理较规范。【目的】 通过探究东北寒地黑土农区在合理施肥条件下紫花苜蓿年刈割4茬的可行性,为寒地黑土农区苜蓿种植提供技术支持。【方法】 以种植第二年“东农1号”紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.‘Dongnong No.1’)为试验材料,在苜蓿春季返青前一次性土壤施肥525 kg·hm ^-2基础上,再于每次刈割前15 d喷施自主研制的寒地黑土农区紫花苜蓿专用叶面肥,进行年刈割4茬和3茬的比较试验,以不施任何肥为对照,观测施肥条件下紫花苜蓿年刈割4茬比传统年刈割3茬在产草量、营养品质及越冬率的变化,并进行经济效益分析,探讨在东北寒地黑土农区合理施肥条件下苜蓿年刈割4茬的可行性。【结果】 施肥可以有效提高苜蓿产草量和质量,在施肥（土壤底肥+叶面肥）条件下,苜蓿年刈割4茬和3茬的总干草产量分别为13 544.44 kg·hm^-2、11 935.26 kg·hm^-2,比对照（不施肥）分别提高了11.45%、10.77%,平均粗蛋白质含量分别达22.11%、21.68%,比对照分别提高了8.17%、7.59%。施肥（土壤肥+叶面肥）条件下,苜蓿年刈割4茬比年刈割3茬的干草产量提高13.48%,平均粗蛋白质含量提高2%,并对越冬率影响不大,仅降低2个百分点,从96.70%降低为94.84%。苜蓿施肥并年刈割4茬的产值和产投比分别达24 380.01元/hm²和2.05,比不施肥年刈割3茬纯增收4 851.68元/hm²,经济效益明显。【结论】 在东北寒地黑土农区种植紫花苜蓿,在合理施肥条件下年刈割4茬,不但可以获得较高的产草量、牧草质量和经济效益,而且不影响安全越冬。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿, 寒地黑土农区, 刈割频次, 施肥, 产草量, 营养品质

Abstract:

【Background】 The climate in the Mollisol area of Northeast China is cold and the growth period is short in the past, alfalfa was planted in degraded grassland or low-yield fields. In order to ensure safe wintering, it is generally only castrated three times a year. Under the background of “grain to feed”, the soil quality of the cultivated land in the Mollisol agricultural area in cold region is relatively fertile, and the field management is relatively standardized. 【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment is to explore the feasibility of alfalfa cutting four times a year under the condition of reasonable fertilization in the Mollisol agricultural area in cold region of northeast cold region. 【Method】 The second year of planting (Medicago sativa L. “Dongnong No.1”) was used as experimental material to study the one-time fertilization of soil 525 kg·hm ^-2 in the alfalfa spring before returning to green. The 525 kg·hm^-2 disposable soil fertilization (the self-developed Mollisol agricultural area in cold region special compound fertilizer, patent application number: 201101193040.0) was studied before the spring return to green, and then sprayed 15 days before each castration. Self-developed alfalfa special foliar fertilizer for Mollisol agricultural area in cold region (patent application number: 201010124670.2), nutrient quality and overwintering rate, and the economic benefit was analyzed. 【Result】 Fertilization can effectively improve the yield and quality of alfalfa. Under the condition of fertilization (soil fertilizer + foliar fertilizer), the annual total hay yield of four and three stubbles of alfalfa was 13 544.44 kg·hm^-2and 11 935.26 kg·hm^-2, which were 11.45% and 10.77% higher than that of the control, and the average crude protein content was 22.11%, 21.68%, 8.17% and 7.59% higher than that of the control. Increasing the number of cutting times under fertilization (soil fertilizer + foliar fertilizer) can effectively improve the yield and quality of grass, and has little effect on the overwintering rate. Compared with the three cropping, the annual hay yield and the average crude protein content of alfalfa were increased by 13.48% and 2%.And it had little effect on the overwintering rate, only reduced by 2 percentage points, from 96.70% to 94.84%. The output value and input-output ratio of four stubbles of alfalfa with fertilization and annual mowing were 24 380.01 yuan/hm² and 2.05, which increased the net income of three stubbles by 4 851.68 yuan/hm² compared with the three stubbles of alfalfa without fertilization. 【Conclusion】 It is feasible to cut four stubbles of alfalfa under reasonable fertilization conditions in Mollisol agricultural area in cold region by comprehensive comparative analysis.

Key words: alfalfa, Mollisol agricultural area in cold region, cutting frequency, fertilizer, grass yield, nutritional quality

巩皓,杨柳,李丹丹,刘国富,肖知新,吴清莹,崔国文. 寒地黑土农区紫花苜蓿生产与品质对施肥和刈割频次的响应及效益分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(13): 2657-2667.

GONG Hao,YANG Liu,LI DanDan,LIU GuoFu,XIAO ZhiXin,WU QingYing,CUI GuoWen. Response of Alfalfa Production and Quality to Fertilization and Cutting Frequency and Benefit Analysis in Mollisol Agricultural Area in Cold Region[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(13): 2657-2667.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.13.014

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2020/V53/I13/2657

图/表 8

表1

表2

表3

表4

图1

表5

图2

表6

参考文献 45

[1]	刘爱华. 世界三大黑土区. 地理教育, 2006(3):78.
	LIU A H. Three black soil regions in the world. Education of Geography, 2006(3):78. (in Chinese)
[2]	欧洋, 阎百兴, 白建宏, 陈浩生, 高远, 李绒萱, 高燕, 张延玲, 崔虎. 东北黑土区侵蚀沟危害面积识别研究. 中国水土保持科学, 2018,16(6):24-30.
	OU Y, YAN B X, BAI J H, CHEN H S, GAO Y, LI R X, GAO Y, ZHANG Y L, CUI H. Identifying the damaged area of gully in black soil region of Northeast China. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018,16(6):24-30. (in Chinese)
[3]	马天祥. 黑龙江省粮食生产影响因素研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2014.
	MA T X. Research on the analysis of influencing factors of food production in Heilongjiang province[D]. Harbin: Northeast Agricultural University, 2014. (in Chinese)
[4]	YANG O U, ROUSSEAU A N, WANG L X, YAN B X. Spatio- temporal patterns of soil organic carbon and pH in relation to environmental factors-A case study of the black soil region of Northeastern China. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 2017,245.
[5]	徐晓斌, 王清. 我国黑土退化研究现状与展望. 地球与环境, 2005(S1):588-592.
	XU X B, WANG Q. Research status and prospect of black soil degradation in China. Earth and Environment, 2005(S1):588-592. (in Chinese)
[6]	史彦林, 陈生永, 刘建新, 樊华. 东北黑土区不同耕作措施保水保土效应研究. 中国水土保持, 2019(1):47-49.
	SHI Y L, CHEN Y S, LIU J, FAN H. Effects of soil and water conservation through different tillage measures in black soil region of Northeastern China. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2019(1):47-49. (in Chinese)
[7]	芦奕晓, 牟乐, 杨惠敏. 豆科与禾本科牧草混播改良土壤的研究进展. 中国草地学报, 2019,41(1):94-100.
	LU Y X, MU L, YANG H M. Advances in improved soil fertility with legume-grass mixtures. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2019,41(1):94-100. (in Chinese)
[8]	戚志强, 玉永雄, 胡跃高, 曾昭海. 当前我国苜蓿产业发展的形势与任务. 草业学报, 2008,17(1):107-113.
	QI Z Q, YU Y X, HU Y G, ZENG Z H. Current status and future tasks of the Medicago sativa industry in China. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2008,17(1):107-113. (in Chinese)
[9]	张奔, 周敏强, 王娟, 蒲毅, 张丽, 袁明龙. 我国苜蓿害虫种类及研究现状. 草业科学, 2016,33(4):785-812.
	ZHANG B, ZHOU M Q, WANG J, PU Y, ZHANG L, YUAN M L. Species checklist and research status of alfalfa insect pests reported in China. Pratacultural Science, 2016,33(4):785-812. (in Chinese)
[10]	高宪儒, 李飞, 惠文. 不同紫花苜蓿品种在陇东地区的引种表现. 草业科学, 2016,33(4):731-738.
	GAO X R, LI F, HUI W. Performance of introduced alfalfa cultivars in Longdong Region, Gansu. Pratacultural Science, 2016,33(4):731-738. (in Chinese)
[11]	魏忠平, 邢兆凯, 于雷, 韩友志, 潘文利, 刘畅, 龙丛英. 北方泥质海岸盐碱地种植牧草肥土效果研究. 辽宁林业科技, 2009(2):8-10.
	WEI Z P, XING Z K, YU L, HAN Y Z, PAN W L, LIU C, LONG C Y. Study on the fertility effect of planting herbage grass on saline-alkaline land of silting coastal area on northern China. Liaoning Forestry Science and Technology, 2009(2):8-10. (in Chinese)
[12]	张玉发, 王庆锁, 苏加楷. 试论中国苜蓿产业. 中国草地, 2000,22(1):64-69.
	ZHANG Y F, WANG Q S, SU J K. On commercialization of alfalfa in China. Grassland of China, 2000,22(1):64-69. (in Chinese)
[13]	孙建平, 张志华, 董宽虎. 晋北地区不同紫花苜蓿品种生产性能比较. 草业科学, 2016,33(11):2300-2305.
	SAN J P, ZHANG Z H, DONG K H. Production performance comparison of different alfalfa varieties in north Shanxi. Pratacultural Science, 2016,33(11):2300-2305. (in Chinese)
[14]	朴庆林, 陈自胜. 种植紫花苜蓿治理黑土地水土流失的建议. 吉林畜牧兽医, 2005(9):24-26.
	PIAO Q L, CHEN Z S. Suggestions on soil and water loss control of black soil by planting alfalfa. Jilin Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2005(9):24-26. (in Chinese)
[15]	王桂良, 王守红, 寇祥明, 张家宏, 何榕, 毕建花, 朱凌宇, 杨建春, 王艳. 刈割次数对林下黑麦草产量与品质的影响. 中国农学通报, 2017,33(36):93-98.
	WANG G L, WANG S H, KOU X M, ZHANG J H, HE R, BI J H, ZHU L Y, YANG J C, WANG Y. Clipping times: Effects on yield and quality of ryegrass planted under trees. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2017,33(36):93-98. (in Chinese)
[16]	孙亮, 龙忠富, 张瑜, 高碧荣, 李娟. 黔饲1号小黑麦适宜刈割次数及刈割期研究. 贵州畜牧兽医, 2016,40(4):57-62.
	SUN L, LONG Z F, ZHANG Y, GAO B R, LI J. Study on cutting periods and cutting frequency of triticale Qiansi No. 1. Guizhou Journal of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2016,40(4):57-62. (in Chinese)
[17]	张鲜花, 穆肖芸, 董乙强, 朱进忠. 刈割次数对不同混播组合草地产量及营养品质的影响. 新疆农业科学, 2014,51(5):951-956.
	ZHANG X H, MU X Y, DONG Y Q, ZHU J Z. Effect on the yield and nutrition quality of the mixed grassland with different cutting frequencies. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2014,51(5):951-956. (in Chinese)
[18]	杨秀芳, 梁庆伟, 娜日苏, 张晴晴, 潘翔磊, 刘荣霞. 年刈割次数对科尔沁沙地不同秋眠级紫花苜蓿品种产量、品质和越冬率的影响. 草地学报, 2019,27(3):637-643.
	YANG X F, LIANG Q W, NA R S, ZHANG Q Q, PAN X L, LIU R X. The effects of cutting times on yield, quality and winter survival rate of the different fall dormancy rating alfalfa in Keerqin sandy land. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2019,27(3):637-643. (in Chinese)
[19]	王显国, 韩建国. 刈割对紫花苜蓿生殖生育期的调控及对种子产量和质量性状的影响. 草地学报, 2005,13(4):274-277.
	WANG X G, HAN J G. Effect of Cutting on reproductive growth stage, the seed yield and seed quality of alfalfa (MedicagoSativa L.). Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2005,13(4):274-277. (in Chinese)
[20]	游永亮, 赵海明, 李源, 武瑞鑫, 刘贵波. 刈割制度对海河平原区紫花苜蓿产量和品质的影响. 中国草地学报, 2018,40(6):47-55.
	YOU Y L, ZHAO H M, LI Y, WU R X, LIU G B. Effects of cutting system on the forage yield and quality of alfalfa in Haihe plain area. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2018,40(6):47-55. (in Chinese)
[21]	PODVRŠNIK M, GSELMAN A. The effect of late autumn cutting of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) on the growth rhythm of the first cut in the following year Nephron Clinical Practice, 2016,13(1/2):87-95.
[22]	刘艳楠, 刘晓静. 施肥对两个紫花苜蓿品种生产性能及营养品质的影响甘肃农业大学学报, 2014,49(1):111-115+120.
	LIU Y N, LIU X J. Effect of fertilization on production performance and quality of different varieties of alfalfa. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2014,49(1):111-115+120.(in Chinese)
[23]	宁晓菊, 张丽君, 杨群涛, 秦耀辰. 1951年以来中国无霜期的变化趋势. 地理学报, 2015,70(11):1811-1822.
	NING X J, ZHANG L J, YANG Q T, QIN Y C. Trends in the frost-free period in China from 1951 to 2012. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(11):1811-1822. (in Chinese)
[24]	卢欣石. “粮改饲”推进草牧业发展. 饲料与畜牧, 2018(4):5-7.
	LU X S. “Food to Feed” to promote the development of grassland and animal husbandry. Feed and Animal Husbandry, 2018(4):5-7. (in Chinese)
[25]	顾红, 高永刚, 刘丹, 于瑛楠, 董杰. 黑龙江省近43a积温和降水的变化对农业的影响. 黑龙江气象, 2007(4):4-7.
	GU H, GAO Y G, LIU D, YU Y N, DONG J. Effect of change of accumulated temperature and precipitation on agriculture over forty three years in Heilongjiang province. Heilongjiang Meteorology, 2007(4):4-7. (in Chinese)
[26]	闫得朋, 巩林, 袁玉莹, 多田琦, 王洋, 刘国富, 肖知新, 崔国文. 不同时期喷施叶面肥对紫花苜蓿生长和、产草量营养品质的影响. 草地学报, 2018,26(5):1255-1261.
	YAN D P, GONG L, YUAN Y Y, DUO T Q, WANG Y, LIU G F, XIAO Z X, CUI G W. Effects of spraying foliar fertilizer on alfalfa growth, grass yield, and nutrient quality at different stages. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2018,26(5):1255-1261. (in Chinese)
[27]	谢开云, 何峰, 李向林, 韩冬梅, 万里强. 我国紫花苜蓿主产田土壤养分和植物养分调查分析. 草业学报, 2016,25(3):202-214.
	XIE K Y, HE F, LI X L, HAN D M, WAN L Q. Analysis of soil and plant nutrients in alfalfa fields in China. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2016,25(3):202-214. (in Chinese)
[28]	赵力兴, 高阳, 李天琦, 王琳, 王显国, 高凯. 施肥对科尔沁沙地苜蓿生长及产草量的影响. 中国农业科技导报, 2019(7):136-144.
	ZHAO L X, GAO Y, LI T Q, WANG L, WANG X G, GAO K. Effects of fertilization on growth and grass yield of alfalfa in Horqin Sandy Land. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2019(7):136-144. (in Chinese)
[29]	侯湃, 刘自学, 刘艺杉, 苏爱莲, 王跃栋. 北京平原区紫花苜蓿施肥组合试验. 草业科学, 2014,31(1):144-149.
	HOU B, LIU Z X, LIU Y B, SU A L, WANG Y D. Screening of fertilization combination for alfalfa in Beijing area. Pratacultural Science, 2014,31(1):144-149. (in Chinese)
[30]	陈萍, 沈振荣, 迟海峰, 杨东海, 谷传申, 杜婉君, 鲍举文. 不同施肥处理对紫花苜蓿产量和株高的影响. 作物杂志, 2013(1):91-94.
	CHEN P, SHEN Z R, CHI H F, YANG D H, GU C S, DU W J, BAO J W. Effects of different fertilization on output and plant height of alfalfa. Crops, 3 2013(1):91-94. (in Chinese)
[31]	王洋, 崔国文, 尹航, 杨柳, 张亚玲, 闫得朋, 巩林. 施肥对紫花苜蓿生产性能及营养品质的影响. 草业科学, 2019,36(3):793-803.
	WANG Y, CUI G W, YIN H, YANG L, ZHANG Y L, YAN D P, GONG L. Effects of different fertilization schemes on alfalfa performance and nutritional quality. Pratacultural Science, 2019,36(3):793-803. (in Chinese)
[32]	李星月, 孟凯, 肖燕子, 韩亚琼, 富海江, 米福贵. 配方施肥对苜蓿茎叶比和鲜干比的影响. 草原与草业, 2015,27(4):32-39.
	LI X Y, MENG K, XIAO Y Z, HAN Y Q, FU H J, MI F G. The effect of fertilizing with formula on stem leaf ratio and ratio of dry-and-wet weight of alfalfa. Grassland and Prataculture, 2015,27(4):32-39. (in Chinese)
[33]	孙小富, 郝俊, 赵丽丽, 黄莉娟, 任敏敏. 喀斯特地区不同施肥配比对紫花苜蓿单茬产量及形态构建的影响. 草业科学, 2019,36(1):123-131.
	SUN X F, HAO J, ZHAO L L, HUANG L J, REN M M. Effect of different fertilization on the batch yield and morphological structure of Medicago sativa in a Karst area of Guizhou, China. Pratacultural Science, 2019,36(1):123-131. (in Chinese)
[34]	刘晓静, 张进霞, 李文卿, 范俊俊. 施肥及刈割对干旱地区紫花苜蓿产量和品质的影响. 中国沙漠, 2014,34(6):1516-1526.
	LIU X J, ZHANG J X, LI W Q, FAN J J. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition and cuttings on yield and quality of alfalfa in dry region of Gansu, China. Journal of Desert Research, 2014,34(6):1516-1526. (in Chinese)
[35]	陈谷. 美国商业应用中的紫花苜蓿质量及质量标准. 农业部草原监理中心、中国草学会. 2009中国草原发展论坛论文集, 2009: 5.
	CHEN G. Quality and quality standards of alfalfa in American commercial applications// Proceedings of the Chinese grass Society Conference, 2009: 5. (in Chinese)
[36]	肖红, 马富华, 王粉琴, 李应科, 戎郁萍. 紫花苜蓿青贮饲料粗灰分含量的近红外评定方法研究. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2018(21):140-144.
	XIAO H, MA F H, WANG F Q, LI Y K, RONG Y P. Evaluation method for the measurement of crude ash content in the alfalfa silage using FT-NIRS. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2018(21):140-144. (in Chinese)
[37]	撒多文, 张新杰, 张仙宝, 布鲁呼木图, 乔旭. 不同施肥处理对紫花苜蓿生产性能的影响. 内蒙古科技与经济, 2019(5):84-85.
	SA D W, ZHANG X J, ZHANG X B, BU LU HU MU TU, QIAO X. Effects of different fertilization treatments on production performance of alfalfa. Inner Mongolia Science Technology & Economy, 2019(5):84-85. (in Chinese)
[38]	格聊生, 张海涛, 刘承军, 刘桂芹. 黄河冲积平原地区不同施肥方式对紫花苜蓿营养品质影响研究. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2017,38(1):52-54.
	GE L S, ZHANG H T, LIU C J, LIU G Q. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization ratio on nutritional quality of alfalfa cultivated in alluvial plain of the Yellow River. Animal Husbandry and Feed Science. 2017,38(1):52-54. (in Chinese)
[39]	苏晓菲. 有机肥施量和刈割次数对紫花苜蓿产量和品质的影响. 草学, 2018(6):60-64+71.
	SU X F. Effects of organic fertilizer and cutting on the yield and quality of alfalfa. Journal of Grassland and Forage Science. 2018(6):60-64. (in Chinese)
[40]	张进霞, 李文卿, 刘晓静, 叶芳. 施氮对紫花苜蓿生长特性的影响. 草原与草坪, 2014,34(3):46-50.
	ZHANG J X, LI W Q, LIU X J, YE F. Effects of different nitrogen levels on alfalfa productivity in different growing years. Grassland and Turf, 2014,34(3):46-50. (in Chinese)
[41]	于辉. 刈割次数对紫花苜蓿草产量、品质及抗寒性影响的研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2007.
	YU H. Effects of cutting frequency on forage yield and quality and cold tolerance of alfalfa[D]. Harbin: Northeast Agricultural University, 2007. (in Chinese)
[42]	杨恒山, 曹敏建, 郑庆福, 孙德智, 李凤山. 刈割次数对紫花苜蓿草产量、品质及根的影响. 作物杂志, 2004(2):33-34.
	YANG H S, CAO M J, ZHENG Q F, SUN D Z, LI F S. Effects of cutting number on yield, quality and root of alfalfa CropsCrops, 2004(2):33-34. (in Chinese)
[43]	于辉, 刘惠青, 崔国文. 不同刈割频率下紫花苜蓿品种的越冬率与主根C/N比变化. 中国草地学报, 2008(4):21-24.
	YU H, LIU H Q, CUI G W. Changes in overwintering rate and main-root C/N ratio in alfalfa cultivars at different cutting frequency Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2008(4):21-24. (in Chinese)
[44]	孙德智, 李凤山, 杨恒山, 安瑞军, 刘晶. 刈割次数对紫花苜蓿翌年生长及草产量的影响. 中国草地, 2005(5):33-37.
	SUN D Z, LI F S, YANG H S, AN R J, LIU J. Effects of cutting times on growth and yield of alfalfa in the next year. Grassland of China, 2005(5):33-37. (in Chinese)
[45]	王伟东, 邓波, 王显国, 高凯, 朱国立. 末次刈割时间对科尔沁沙地苜蓿越冬率及根系营养物质含量的影响. 草地学报, 2017,25(4):810-813.
	WANG W D, DENG B, WANG X G, GAO K, ZHU G L. Effect of the last harvest time on over-winter rate and root nutrient content of alfalfa in Horqin Sandy Land. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2017,25(4):810-813. (in Chinese)

处理 Treatment	刈割频次 Frequency	自然高度 Natural height (cm)	垂直高度 Vertical height (cm)	茎叶比 Stem/leaf ratio	干草产量 Dry yield (kg·hm^-2)
CK	3-1	73.11±0.36b	76.17±0.47b	1.23±0.03a	3998.15±32.08b
施肥 Fertilizer ilizer	3-1	76.74±1.58a	82.06±2.15a	1.21±0.18a	4627.7±33.33a
CK	3-2	54.91±1.60b	61.59±2.17b	1.16±0.03a	3897.22±80.08b
施肥 Fertilizer	3-2	62.86±0.86a	72.25±1.68a	1.03±0.17b	4125± 54.65a
CK	3-3	42.41±0.49b	55.06±4.02b	1.04±0.01a	2879.63±66.74b
施肥 Fertilizer	3-3	51.41±0.9a	66.35±0.88a	0.78±0.05b	3181.48±35.72a
CK	4-1	68.19±0.36b	72.54±0.59b	1.29±0.11a	3826.67±113.11b
施肥 Fertilizer	4-1	72.53±1.58a	79.00±0.95a	1.22±0.03b	4157.41±66.28a
CK	4-2	65.72±0.61b	73.58±1.30b	1.19±0.01a	4205.56±19.25b
施肥 Fertilizer	4-2	72.97±0.07a	79.97±0.94a	1.10±0.01b	4618.52± 47.25a
CK	4-3	60.56±0.85b	75.04±0.38b	1.15±0.01a	2740.74±48.54b
施肥 Fertilizer	4-3	65.00±0.54a	79.88±1.82a	1.08±0.02b	3038.89±38.89a
CK	4-4	40.93±1.03b	45.03±1.36b	0.79±0.06a	1379.63±21.03b
施肥 Fertilizer	4-4	47.81±1.31a	51.12±0.67a	0.68±0.03b	1729.63±44.91a

处理 Traetment	刈割频次 Frequency	粗蛋白 CP	中性洗涤纤维NDF	酸性洗涤纤维ADF	钙 Ca	粗脂肪 EE	粗灰分 Ash
CK	3-1	15.70±0.16a	40.46±0.43a	27.44±0.27a	1.96±0.11b	2.71±0.25b	9.25±0.27a
施肥Fertilizer	3-1	16.09±0.52a	36.12±0.36b	23.12±0.19b	2.26±0.09a	4.15±0.09a	9.63±0.44a
CK	3-2	21.56±0.28b	39.73±0.31a	26.43±0.61a	1.44±0.03a	3.20±0.23b	9.53±0.38b
施肥Fertilizer	3-2	23.25±0.06a	37.60±0.56b	22.98±0.87b	1.46±0.02a	4.09±0.12a	10.53±0.38a
CK	3-3	23.20±0.49b	37.78±0.47a	24.96±0.90a	1.30±0.01a	3.78±0.15b	9.72±0.4b
施肥Fertilizer	3-3	25.70±0.27a	34.19±0.27b	22.19±0.42b	1.34±0.18a	4.39±0.19a	10.43±0.28a
CK	4-1	17.82±0.13b	34.17±0.18a	23.77±0.31a	2.04±0.03b	3.12±0.29b	9.50±0.29b
施肥Fertilizer	4-1	18.58±0.22a	31.85±0.32b	20.74±0.20b	2.17±0.02a	4.27±0.23a	10.17±0.12a
CK	4-2	19.46±0.17b	40.16±0.85a	25.41±0.41a	1.98±0.06b	3.70±0.10a	10.19±0.06b
施肥Fertilizer	4-2	21.23±0.17a	38.49±0.33a	24.72±0.22a	2.15±0.06a	3.98±0.27a	10.75±0.38a
CK	4-3	20.40±0..43b	41.18±0.36a	26.12±0.70a	1.57±0.03b	4.05±0.55b	9.84±0.33a
施肥Fertilizer	4-3	22.57±0.46a	36.66±0.52b	23.68±0.07b	1.72±0.06a	4.52±0.18a	10.00±0.09a
CK	4-4	24.07±0.15b	35.12±0.53a	22.96±0.56a	1.40±0.01b	3.58±0.24b	10.01±0.02a
施肥Fertilizer	4-4	26.39±0.40a	30.40±0.37b	20.17±0.69b	1.65±0.02a	4.96±0.57a	10.86±0.34a

处理 Treatment	刈割频次 Frequency	越冬率 Over-wintering rate (%)
CK	3	96.07±1.20a
施肥Fertilizer	3	97.32±0.92a
CK	4	94.62±2.15a
施肥Fertilizer	4	94.84±0.78a

	自然高度 Natural height (cm)	垂直高度 Vertical height (cm)	茎叶比 Stem/leaf ratio	干草产量 Dry yield (kg·hm^-2)
施肥Fertilizer	<0.001***	<0.001***	<0.001***	<0.001***
刈割频次Cutting frequency	0.004**	0.417ns	0.209 ns	<0.001***
施肥×刈割频次Fertilizer×cutting frequency	0.162ns	0.047*	0.046*	0.008**

	粗蛋白 CP (%)	中性洗涤纤维 NDF (%)	酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (%)	钙 Ca (%)	粗脂肪 EE (%)	粗灰分 Ash (%)
施肥Fertilizer	<0.001***	<0.001***	<0.001***	<0.001***	<0.001***	<0.001***
刈割频次Cutting frequency	0.052ns	0.064ns	0.259ns	<0.001***	<0.001***	0.012*
施肥×刈割频次Fertilizer×cutting frequency	0.534ns	0.024*	0.004**	0.07ns	0.393ns	0.503ns