作物养分管理的农机农艺结合技术研究进展

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.21.009

中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (21): 4211-4224.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.21.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

作物养分管理的农机农艺结合技术研究进展

米国华¹(),霍跃文¹(),曾爱军²,李刚华³,王秀⁴,张福锁¹()

¹中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193
²中国农业大学理学院，北京 100193
³南京农业大学资源与环境学院，南京 210095
⁴国家农业信息化工程技术研究中心，北京 100097

收稿日期:2021-09-26 接受日期:2021-12-21 出版日期:2022-11-01 发布日期:2022-11-09
通讯作者: 张福锁
作者简介:米国华，E-mail：miguohua@cau.edu.cn。|霍跃文，E-mail：huoyuewen@cau.edu.cn。
基金资助:
农业农村部“948”项目(2016X24);2021年邯郸市政府智库重点研究“邯郸市农业科技创新高地战略研究”

Integration of Agricultural Machinery and Agronomic Techniques for Crop Nutrient Management in China

MI GuoHua¹(),HUO YueWen¹(),ZENG AiJun²,LI GangHua³,WANG Xiu⁴,ZHANG FuSuo¹()

¹College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
²College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
³College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095
⁴National Engineering Research Centre of Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing 100097

Received:2021-09-26 Accepted:2021-12-21 Online:2022-11-01 Published:2022-11-09
Contact: FuSuo ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

养分高效管理是农业绿色发展的重大需求。随着农业规模化经营和耕作栽培技术的发展，养分管理技术与施肥机具之间农机农艺不匹配的问题日益明显，如何实现养分管理中农艺技术与农机操作的有机结合，成为农业绿色发展亟需解决的关键问题。本文分析了我国养分管理农机农艺结合技术的研究现状及发展方向，提出高效施肥技术需要用适宜的施肥机械作保障，肥料新产品研发需要新的施肥机械，栽培耕作方式变革对农业机械产生新的需求，施肥机械化需要智能化提升，同时肥料产品和施肥技术研发需要考虑机械的可行性。针对东北春玉米、华北冬小麦-夏玉米及南方水稻种植体系的主要养分管理特点，阐述了我国在玉米启动肥及种肥同播技术、玉米秸秆覆盖条带耕作技术、小麦机械化追肥技术、水稻机械化侧深施肥技术及机械化变量施肥技术等方面的研究进展，对如何促进农机农艺结合、提升我国农田养分管理技术水平提出了建议。

关键词: 小麦, 玉米, 水稻, 养分管理, 施肥机械, 农机农艺结合, 农业绿色发展

Abstract:

The efficient nutrient management is essential for agricultural green development. With the increase of farm land scale and the development of agricultural mechanization, the mismatch between agricultural machinery and agronomy in nutrient management becomes increasingly obvious. There is a requirement to coordinate agronomic techniques and machinery operation. This paper analyzed the current situation and improvement direction in nutrient management techniques and agricultural machinery in the cropping system of spring maize in northeast China, winter wheat-summer maize in north China, and rice planting system in south China. It is indicated that efficient fertilizer application technology needs suitable fertilizer application machinery as guarantee, new fertilizer products need new fertilizer application machinery, changing cultivation and tillage methods generates new demand for agricultural machinery, and fertilizer application mechanization to be upgraded by using information and automatic intelligent techniques. At the same time, the fertilizer products and fertilizer application technology innovation need to take into consideration of the feasibility of mechanization. This paper described the research progress of starter fertilizer, synchronized fertilizer application and sowing technology, and straw mulching strip tillage technology in maize, within-season mechanized fertilizer application technology in wheat, mechanized side-depth fertilizer application technology in rice, and mechanized variable fertilizer application technology in China. The suggestions were provided to enhance the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomic technology, so as to upgrade the level of nutrient management of field crops.

Key words: wheat, maize, rice, nutrient management, fertilizer application machinery, match machinery with agronomy, agricultural green development

米国华,霍跃文,曾爱军,李刚华,王秀,张福锁. 作物养分管理的农机农艺结合技术研究进展[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(21): 4211-4224.

MI GuoHua,HUO YueWen,ZENG AiJun,LI GangHua,WANG Xiu,ZHANG FuSuo. Integration of Agricultural Machinery and Agronomic Techniques for Crop Nutrient Management in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(21): 4211-4224.

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作物养分管理的农机农艺结合技术研究进展

Integration of Agricultural Machinery and Agronomic Techniques for Crop Nutrient Management in China

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