长期施用磷肥和有机肥黄壤微生物量磷特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.06.010

中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (6): 1188-1198.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.06.010

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

长期施用磷肥和有机肥黄壤微生物量磷特征

刘彦伶^1,²(),李渝^1,²,张艳^1,²,张雅蓉^1,²,黄兴成^1,²,张萌^1,²,张文安^1,²,蒋太明^2,³()

¹贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,贵阳550006
²农业农村部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站,贵阳 550006
³贵州省农业科学院茶叶研究所,贵阳 550006

收稿日期:2020-06-24 接受日期:2020-09-10 出版日期:2021-03-16 发布日期:2021-03-25
通讯作者: 蒋太明
作者简介:刘彦伶,E-mail：lyl890615@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32060302);贵州省科学技术基金黔科合基础([2018]1154);贵州省农业科学院青年基金黔农科院青年基金([2018]19号);省科技平台及人才团队计划黔科合平台人才([2018]5604号);中央引导地方科技科技发展专项资金黔科中引地([2019]4003号);黔农科院基础性公益性专项([2020]03号);黔农科院基础性公益性专项([2020]07号)

Characteristics of Microbial Biomass Phosphorus in Yellow Soil Under Long-Term Application of Phosphorus and Organic Fertilizer

YanLing LIU^1,²(),Yu LI^1,²,Yan ZHANG^1,²,YaRong ZHANG^1,²,XingCheng HUANG^1,²,Meng ZHANG^1,²,WenAn ZHANG^1,²,TaiMing JIANG^2,³()

¹Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006
²Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agriculture Environment (Guizhou), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guiyang 550006
³Institute of Tea Research, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006

Received:2020-06-24 Accepted:2020-09-10 Online:2021-03-16 Published:2021-03-25
Contact: TaiMing JIANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究玉米不同生育时期长期不同施肥处理下土壤微生物量磷（MBP）的动态变化与周转特性,探究长期施用磷肥和有机肥对土壤磷转化与供应能力的影响。【方法】依托贵阳黄壤肥力长期定位试验,选取不施肥（CK）、氮钾化肥（NK）、氮磷钾化肥（NPK）、有机肥（M）、1/2有机肥+1/2氮磷化肥（0.5MNP）、全量有机肥+全量氮磷钾化肥（MNPK）6个处理,在玉米播种前、苗期、拔节期、开花期、收获后分别采集0—20 cm土层样品,测定土壤微生物量磷含量、有效磷含量、酸性磷酸酶活性,并计算微生物量磷周转期和周转量。【结果】与NK处理相比,施用磷肥和有机肥各处理土壤微生物量磷（MBP）和微生物含磷量（MPC）分别显著提高了123.9%—446.2%和85.0%—268.2%,均以MNPK处理增幅最大。施磷量基本一致的条件下,M和0.5MNP处理MBP含量较NPK处理显著提高了26.7%—32.7%;NK处理MBP和MPC含量均在开花期最低,施用磷肥和有机肥各处理MBP含量在玉米生长期均较高,MPC含量则随生育时期变化呈“双峰”曲线,苗期和开花期最高;与CK相比,NK处理MBP周转期缩短了405 d,MBP周转量提高了50.9%。与NK处理相比,施用磷肥和有机肥各处理MBP周转量提高了19.2%—156.4%,MBP周转期延长了248—391 d,说明施用磷肥和有机肥可不同程度增加MBP库容并降低其周转速率;施用磷肥和有机肥各处理土壤有效磷和植株吸磷量分别是NK处理的3.63—7.27倍和1.77—1.97倍;各处理酸性磷酸酶活性表现为NK处理>M、MNPK处理>CK、NPK、0.5MNP处理,NK处理较其他处理显著提高了10.2%—21.0%;相关分析表明,土壤有效磷是MBP及其周转量最重要的影响因子,而酸性磷酸酶活性则是MBP周转期最重要的影响因子。【结论】MBP可反映黄壤磷素的供应水平,MBP含量及其周转对于提高黄壤潜在供磷能力具有重要意义,长期施用磷肥和有机肥可提高土壤MBP周转库容,增强土壤磷素转化和供给能力,提高玉米植株吸磷量。

关键词: 长期施肥, 微生物量磷, 玉米, 有机肥, 磷肥, 黄壤

Abstract:

【Objective】 The seasonal dynamics of microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) in yellow soils under different long-term fertilization treatments were studied to understand the influence of long-term application of P and organic fertilizer on P nutrients cycling and P nutrients available for plant uptake. 【Method】 Six treatments, including CK, NK, NPK, M, 0.5MNP and MNPK, were investigated in a 22-year (1995-2016) long-term fertilization experiment at Guiyang (Guizhou Province) of China. 0-20 cm soil layer was collected at before sowing, seedling stage, jointing stage, flowering stage and after harvest of maize, respectively, and to determine MBP, soil available P (AP), acid phosphatase (ACP) activity, and calculate the MBP turnover time and turnover amount. 【Result】 The results showed that, compared with NK treatment, the mean value of MBP content and microbial P content (MPC) in different maize growing periods under the treatments of P and organic fertilizer application were significantly increased by 123.9%-446.2% and 85.0%-268.2%, respectively, with MNPK treatment increasing the most. Under the same amount of P application, the MBP content under M and 0.5MNP treatments was 26.7% and 32.7% higher than that of NPK treatment. MBP and MPC of NK treatment were the lowest at flowering stage, while the MBP content of P and organic fertilizer application treatments were the highest in maize growth period. The MPC showed a "double peak" curve with the growth period, and the highest content was at seedling stage and flowering stage. Compared with CK, the MBP turnover time of NK treatment was shortened by 405 days, and the MBP turnover amount was increased by 50.9%. Compared with NK treatment, the MBP turnover amount increased by 19.2%-156.4%, and MBP turnover time was prolonged by 248-391 days under the treatments of P and organic fertilizer application, which indicated that application of P and organic fertilizer could increase MBP storage capacity and decrease its turnover rate. The amount of soil available P and P uptake of maize plant under the treatments of P and organic fertilizer application were 3.63-7.27 times and 1.77-1.97 times of NK treatment, respectively. The acid phosphatase activity in each treatment was ranked as NK>M, MNPK>CK, NPK, 0.5MNP, and the mean value of NK treatment increased by 10.2%-21.0% compared with other treatments. Correlation analysis showed that soil available P was the most important soil factor affecting the MBP content and MBP turnover amount, while acid phosphatase activity was the most important soil factor affecting the MBP turnover time. 【Conclusion】 To sum up, soil MBP could reflect the P supply level, and the storage and turnover of MBP were of great significance for improving the potential P supply capacity of yellow soil. Long-term application of P and organic fertilizer could increase soil available P sink, soil P cycling and P available for plant uptake, increase P uptake of maize plants.

Key words: long-term fertilization, soil microbial biomass P, maize, phosphorus fertilizer, organic fertilizer, yellow soil

刘彦伶,李渝,张艳,张雅蓉,黄兴成,张萌,张文安,蒋太明. 长期施用磷肥和有机肥黄壤微生物量磷特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(6): 1188-1198.

YanLing LIU,Yu LI,Yan ZHANG,YaRong ZHANG,XingCheng HUANG,Meng ZHANG,WenAn ZHANG,TaiMing JIANG. Characteristics of Microbial Biomass Phosphorus in Yellow Soil Under Long-Term Application of Phosphorus and Organic Fertilizer[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(6): 1188-1198.

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处理 Treatment	pH	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	全氮 Total N (g·kg^-1)	有效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)
不施肥CK	6.74	47.3	1.99	9.87	86.3
氮钾肥NK	5.86	35.8	1.73	9.37	221.7
氮磷钾化肥NPK	6.45	37.1	2.01	31.63	155.3
有机肥M	7.18	57.7	2.71	31.30	452.3
1/2有机肥+1/2氮磷化肥 0.5MNP	6.88	49.5	2.50	33.83	335.3
全量有机肥+全量氮磷钾化肥MNPK	7.01	52.9	2.10	51.00	443.5

处理 Treatment	鲜牛厩肥 Cow manure (t·hm^-2)	N (kg·hm^-2)	P₂O₅ (kg·hm^-2)	K₂O (kg·hm^-2)
CK	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
NK	0.0	165.0	0.0	82.5
NPK	0.0	165.0	82.5	82.5
M	61.1	165.0	79.4	366.6
0.5MNP	30.6	165.0	81.0	183.3
MNPK	61.1	330.0	161.9	449.1

来源 Source	因变量 Dependent variable	自由度DF	F值 F value	P值P value
施肥处理 Fertilization (F)	微生物量磷MBP	5	458.4	<0.01
	微生物含磷量MPC	5	104.3	<0.01
	有效磷AP	5	155.0	<0.01
	酸性磷酸酶ACP	5	26.6	<0.01
生育时期 Growth period (G)	微生物量磷MBP	4	178.1	<0.01
	微生物含磷量MPC	4	90.2	<0.01
	有效磷AP	4	0.6	0.657
	酸性磷酸酶ACP	4	353.9	<0.01
施肥处理×生育时期F×G	微生物量磷MBP	20	21.7	<0.01
	微生物含磷量MPC	20	10.5	<0.01
	有效磷AP	20	0.6	0.868
	酸性磷酸酶ACP	20	4.1	<0.01

处理 Treatment	年累加同化量 Accumulative assimilate P (mg·kg^-1·a^-1)	年累加矿化量 Accumulative mineral P (mg·kg^-1·a^-1)	年周转量 Turnover amount (TA) (mg·kg^-1·a^-1)	年周转强度 Turnover intensity (%)	周转期 Turnover time (TT) (a)	玉米吸磷量 P uptake by maize (kg·hm^-2)
CK	0.62	10.8	11.4	53.0	1.89	13.8
NK	7.12	10.1	17.2	127.5	0.78	16.7
NPK	4.77	15.8	20.5	68.7	1.46	30.0
M	7.87	16.8	24.6	61.7	1.62	29.5
0.5MNP	3.63	16.9	20.5	54.0	1.85	30.2
MNPK	19.9	24.2	44.1	60.2	1.66	32.9

	ACP	MBP	MPC	TA	TT
AP	-0.120	0.969**	0.970**	0.936**	0.350
ACP	1.000	-0.120	-0.219	0.193	-0.899*
pH	-0.474	0.685	0.498	0.474	0.770
OM	-0.064	0.692	0.408	0.584	0.462
TN	0.032	0.714	0.458	0.652	0.335
AK	0.103	0.835*	0.628	0.816*	0.262

长期施用磷肥和有机肥黄壤微生物量磷特征

Characteristics of Microbial Biomass Phosphorus in Yellow Soil Under Long-Term Application of Phosphorus and Organic Fertilizer

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