中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (12): 2360-2371.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.12.008
徐芳蕾1(),张杰1,李阳1,张伟伟1,薄其飞1,李世清1,2(),岳善超1,2()
收稿日期:
2021-04-07
接受日期:
2021-07-19
出版日期:
2022-06-16
发布日期:
2022-06-23
通讯作者:
李世清,岳善超
作者简介:
徐芳蕾,Tel:18306832361,E-mail: 基金资助:
XU FangLei1(),ZHANG Jie1,LI Yang1,ZHANG WeiWei1,BO QiFei1,LI ShiQing1,2(),YUE ShanChao1,2()
Received:
2021-04-07
Accepted:
2021-07-19
Online:
2022-06-16
Published:
2022-06-23
Contact:
ShiQing LI,ShanChao YUE
摘要:
【目的】通过两年田间氨挥发测定,研究不同施氮量和不同施氮方式对黄土高原旱作春玉米农田土壤氨挥发的影响。【方法】 该试验采用裂区试验设计,主处理设置0、180、300 kg·hm-2 3个氮肥用量,同一施氮量下副区分尿素一次性基施(UR)、尿素分次施用(URT)(基肥40%,十叶期追肥60%)以及尿素与控释尿素掺混一次性基施(CRU)3种施氮方式,采用海绵吸收通气法进行原位测定。【结果】 (1)对于施基肥后的氨挥发速率,3种施肥方式均出现挥发峰值,且UR处理的氨挥发峰值高于另外两种施肥方式,特别是在高施氮量的情况下;对于追肥后的氨挥发,只有URT处理出现峰值,且高于基肥后的挥发峰值。(2)氨挥发累积量随着施氮量的增加而增加。在同等施氮量处理下,URT处理氨挥发累积量最高(2.88—36.84 kg·hm-2),且主要集中在追肥期(占整个生育期的72.2%—90.4%);其次是UR处理(1.08—10.07 kg·hm-2);CRU处理氨挥发累积量最低(0.96—5.69 kg·hm-2)。(3)施氮量和施肥方式对氨挥发量的交互作用极显著,氨挥发的年间差异主要是受到施肥后的降雨影响。【结论】 对于西北旱作覆膜春玉米,尿素与控释尿素掺混一次性施用方式(CRU)既能减少追肥人工投入,又能减低氨挥发损失,可作为该区域值得推广的绿色施肥方式。
徐芳蕾,张杰,李阳,张伟伟,薄其飞,李世清,岳善超. 施肥方式对黄土高原旱作春玉米农田土壤氨挥发的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(12): 2360-2371.
XU FangLei,ZHANG Jie,LI Yang,ZHANG WeiWei,BO QiFei,LI ShiQing,YUE ShanChao. Effects of Fertilization Methods on Ammonia Volatilization of Spring Maize in Dry Farming on the Loess Plateau[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(12): 2360-2371.
表1
试验设计"
处理 Treatment | 施氮量 N rate ( kg N·hm-2) | 施肥方式 Fertilization method | 磷肥用量(基施) P rate (kg P·hm-2) | 钾肥用量(基施) K rate (kg K·hm-2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
UR N0 | 0 | 尿素一次性基施 UR | 40 | 80 |
CRU N0 | 0 | 尿素与控释肥掺混一次性基施 CRU | 40 | 80 |
URT N0 | 0 | 尿素分次施用(基肥40%,V10期追肥60%) URT | 40 | 80 |
UR N180 | 180 | 尿素一次性基施 UR | 40 | 80 |
CRU N180 | 180 | 尿素与控释肥掺混一次性基施 CRU | 40 | 80 |
URT N180 | 180 | 尿素分次施用(基肥40%,V10期追肥60%) URT | 40 | 80 |
UR N300 | 300 | 尿素一次性基施 UR | 40 | 80 |
CRU N300 | 300 | 尿素与控释肥掺混一次性基施 CRU | 40 | 80 |
URT N300 | 300 | 尿素分次施用(基肥40%,V10期追肥60%) URT | 40 | 80 |
表2
2019年和2020年氨挥发累积量及氮肥相对损失率"
氮肥用量 N rate (kg N·hm-2) | 施肥方式 Fertilization method | 播种期基肥后氨挥发量 Ammonia volatilization after basal fertilizer (kg·hm-2) | 十叶期追肥后氨挥发量 Ammonia volatilization after topdressing at the ten-leaf stage (kg·hm-2) | 累积氨挥发量 Accumulative NH3 volatilization (kg·hm-2) | 氮肥相对损失率 Ratio of NH3 loss to applied N (%) | 氮肥对氮挥发 的贡献率 Loss from fertilizer (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2019 | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | ||
N0 | UR | 0.53±0.04ab | 1.91±0.29a | 0.33±0.02a | 0.46±0.07a | 0.86±0.02b | 2.37±0.15a | - | - | - | - |
CRU | 0.54±0.05a | 1.67±0.30a | 0.32±0.03a | 0.48±0.13a | 0.86±0.04b | 2.15±0.20ab | - | - | - | - | |
URT | 0.55±0.07a | 1.47±0.10ab | 0.51±0.09a | 1.15±0.17a | 1.06±0.06a | 2.62±0.07a | - | - | - | - | |
N180 | UR | 0.75±0.11a | 3.16±0.58a | 0.33±0.04b | 0.51±0.12b | 1.08±0.05b | 3.67±0.30bc | 0.12 | 0.72 | 20.37 | 35.42 |
CRU | 0.65±0.06a | 2.73±0.25a | 0.32±0.01b | 0.46±0.28b | 0.96±0.03bc | 3.19±0.08b | 0.06 | 0.58 | 10.42 | 32.60 | |
URT | 0.67±0.05a | 2.62±0.31a | 2.21±0.17a | 24.72±2.60a | 2.88±0.10a | 27.34±1.29a | 1.01 | 13.73 | 63.19 | 90.42 | |
N300 | UR | 0.94±0.11a | 9.28±1.76a | 0.33±0.01b | 0.89±0.23b | 1.27±0.05b | 10.17±0.89b | 0.14 | 2.6 | 32.28 | 76.70 |
CRU | 0.77±0.07abc | 5.06±1.12b | 0.31±0.02b | 0.63±0.43b | 1.08±0.04c | 5.69±0.66c | 0.07 | 1.18 | 20.37 | 62.21 | |
URT | 0.88±0.07ab | 4.37±0.49bc | 2.29±0.10a | 32.47±0.43a | 3.17±0.06a | 36.84±0.41a | 0.70 | 11.41 | 66.56 | 92.89 | |
变异来源Source of variation | |||||||||||
氮肥用量N rate | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | |||||
施肥方式 Fertilization method | ns | * | ** | ** | ** | ** | |||||
氮肥用量×施肥方式 N rate×Fertilization method | ns | ns | ** | ** | ** | ** |
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