腐殖酸-尿素复合物配施尿素在不同施肥土壤上的NH3挥发特征

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.14.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】施用腐殖酸尿素可以有效减少氮素NH₃挥发损失,肥料中的腐殖酸发挥了很大作用,但是由于腐殖酸与尿素反应所得产物腐殖酸尿素复合物（UHA）对土壤NH₃挥发的影响可能不同于常规腐殖酸（HA）,进行相关研究将有利于揭示腐殖酸尿素降低土壤NH₃挥发的机理。【方法】利用无水乙醇从腐殖酸尿素中提取得到UHA,在长期不施肥与长期施肥土壤上,开展室内恒温土壤培养试验,研究HA或UHA配施尿素对土壤NH₃挥发的影响,二者的用量分别为尿素用量的0.5%与5%,分别用0.5HA+U、5HA+U、0.5UHA+U和5UHA+U表示,同时设置单施尿素（U）及不施尿素与腐殖酸处理（CK）。测定土壤NH₃挥发速率及累积量,土壤尿素态氮、硝/铵态氮含量,土壤脲酶活性等。【结果】（1）各施氮处理,长期施肥土壤NH₃挥发累积量均高于长期不施肥土壤,这可能与长期施肥导致土壤pH远低于不施肥土壤,土壤硝化过程减弱,尿素水解产生的铵态氮在土壤中累积有关。（2）HA或UHA配施尿素均可以有效降低土壤NH₃挥发量,但是降低幅度与土壤是否长期施肥及二者用量有关：在长期不施肥土壤上,与单施尿素（U）相比,HA配施尿素土壤NH₃挥发量可显著降低4.4%—22.9%（P<0.05）,且5HA+U处理降低幅度大于0.5HA+U处理,但是在长期施肥土壤上,尿素配施HA处理,土壤NH₃挥发量仅降低4.1%—7.5%,与U处理无显著差异;然而,尿素配施其用量0.5%的UHA,在长期不施肥与长期施肥土壤上均可以显著降低土壤NH₃挥发累积量（P<0.05）,土壤NH₃挥发量较单施尿素处理分别降低26.5%与12.9%（P<0.05）。（3）HA降低土壤NH₃挥发量可能与降低土壤脲酶活性有关,而UHA可能与促进土壤硝化过程有关。【结论】土壤培养条件下,与常规腐殖酸相比,腐殖酸尿素中的腐殖酸尿素复合物可更加有效地减少土壤NH₃挥发量,且作用效果与土壤是否长期施肥无关。

关键词: 腐殖酸尿素, 腐殖酸, 腐殖酸尿素复合物, NH₃挥发, 施肥土壤

Abstract:

【Objective】 The application of humic acid enhanced urea (HAU) can effectively reduce ammonia volatilization, and the humic acid in HAU, named UHA, plays a great role in this process. However, due to the reaction between humic acid and urea, the effect of UHA combined with urea on soil ammonia volatilization may be different from that of conventional humic acid (HA). Therefore, the relevant research will help to further reveal the mechanism of HAU reducing ammonia volatilization from soil. 【Method】In this study, UHA was extracted by absolute ethanol from HAU. Through indoor constant temperature soil incubation, the effects of HA or UHA combined with urea on soil ammonia volatilization from long-term unfertilized soil or fertilized soil were studied. The dosage of HA or UHA was 0.5% and 5% of the amount of urea, code named 0.5HA+U, 5HA+U, 0.5UHA+U, and 5UHA+U, respectively. At the same time, the treatments with urea (U) and without humic acid and urea (CK) were conducted. Soil ammonia fluxes and volatilization, soil urea-N, nitrate, and ammonium content, and soil urease activity were measured simultaneously. 【Result】(1) The ammonia volatilization from long-term fertilized soil for nitrogen fertilization treatments was higher than that from long-term unfertilized soil, which might be related to the decrease of soil pH, the weakening of soil nitrification process and the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen from urea hydrolysis caused by long-term fertilization. (2) Both HA and UHA combined with urea could effectively reduce soil ammonia volatilization, compared with U treatment, but the extent of the reduction depended on whether the soil was fertilized for a long time and the amounts of HA or UHA: urea combined with HA could significantly reduce soil ammonia volatilization for long-term unfertilized soil (P<0.05), and the ammonia volatilization of 0.5HA+U and 5HA+U was 4.4% and 22.9% lower than that under U treatment, respectively. However, the soil ammonia volatilization decreased by only 4.1%-7.5% under the treatment of HA combined with urea, which was not significantly different from that under the treatment of U, when the soil was long-term fertilization. However, urea combined with 0.5%UHA could significantly reduce soil ammonia volatilization (P<0.05) for long-term unfertilized and fertilized soil by 26.5% and 12.9%, respectively. (3) Urea combined with HA or UHA could effectively inhibit urease activity and promote soil nitrification process, respectively, thereby reduced soil ammonia volatilization. 【Conclusion】In summary, compared with HA, UHA combined with urea showed better performance on inhibiting ammonia volatilization under soil incubation, and the effect was independent of whether the soil was fertilized for a long time.

Key words: humic acid enhanced urea, humic acid, humic acid-urea complex, ammonia volatilization, fertilized soil

景建元,袁亮,张水勤,李燕婷,赵秉强. 腐殖酸-尿素复合物配施尿素在不同施肥土壤上的NH₃挥发特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(14): 2786-2796.

JING JianYuan,YUAN Liang,ZHANG ShuiQin,LI YanTing,ZHAO BingQiang. The Characteristics of Ammonia Volatilization of Humic Acid-Urea Complex Combined with Urea from Different Fertilized Soils[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(14): 2786-2796.

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	有机质 Organic matter (g·kg^-1)	微生物量碳 MBC (mg·kg^-1)	NH₄⁺-N (mg·kg^-1)	NO₃^--N (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available P (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available K (mg·kg^-1)	pH
长期不施肥土壤 Long-term unfertilized soil	4.05	145.29	1.02	1.35	5.87	79.74	8.02
长期施肥土壤 Long-term fertilized soil	6.56	160.71	1.77	21.50	10.53	116.04	7.18

处理 Treatment	不施肥土壤Unfertilized soil		施肥土壤Fertilized soil
处理 Treatment	第7天 7^th day	第28天 28^th day	第7天 7^th day	第28天 28^th day
CK	121.69±6.90 e	234.23±20.47 e	74.89±1.49 c	195.54±11.75 c
U	812.86±21.57 a	925.55±17.25 a	910.17±30.52 a	1044.43±38.57 a
0.5HA+U	782.42±6.65 a	884.94±5.77 b	837.42±73.68 ab	1001.69±114.03 ab
0.5UHA+U	569.78±32.10 d	680.63±37.68 d	768.70±26.05 b	909.60±28.35 b
5HA+U	611.65±7.49 c	713.76±13.23 d	832.11±86.57 ab	965.97±100.99 ab
5UHA+U	694.12±20.46 b	797.62±18.96 c	858.96±67.15 ab	1038.56±74.87 a

来源 Source	F值 F value	Pr>F		来源 Source			F值 F value		Pr>F
材料用量Amount of materials	0.72	0.42		Type of soil × Amounts of materials			10.24		<0.05
材料类型Type of materials	3.65	0.13		Type of materials × Amounts of materials			96.60		<0.01
土壤种类Type of soil	25.04	<0.05		Type of soil ×Type of materials			1.90		0.24
土壤种类 Type of soil	AE （n=12）		用量 Amount		AE （n=12）	类型 Type		AE （n=12）
长期不施肥土壤Long-term unfertilized soil	769.23 b		0.5%		869.21 a	HA		891.59 a
长期施肥土壤Long-term fertilized soil	978.95 a		5.0%		878.98 a	UHA		856.60 a

	铵态氮NH₄⁺-N（n=60）	硝态氮NO₃^-（n=60）	脲酶Urease（n=30）
长期不施肥土壤 Long-term unfertilized soil	0.80 **	-0.45 **	0.59**
长期施肥土壤 Long-term fertilized soil	0.85 **	-0.23	-0.23

腐殖酸-尿素复合物配施尿素在不同施肥土壤上的NH₃挥发特征

The Characteristics of Ammonia Volatilization of Humic Acid-Urea Complex Combined with Urea from Different Fertilized Soils

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