沼液中HCO3-对水稻生长的类CO2施肥效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.22.010

中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (22): 4445-4457.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.22.010

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

沼液中HCO₃^-对水稻生长的类CO₂施肥效应

万华琴^1,²(),辜旭¹,何红梅³,汤逸帆¹,申建华⁴,韩建刚^1,²(),朱咏莉^1,²()

¹南京林业大学生物与环境学院，南京 210037
²南京林业大学江苏省南方现代林业协同创新中心，南京 210037
³东台市黄海原种场，江苏东台 224200
⁴中粮家佳康（江苏）有限公司，江苏东台 224200

收稿日期:2021-09-22 接受日期:2021-12-16 出版日期:2022-11-16 发布日期:2022-12-14
通讯作者: 韩建刚,朱咏莉
作者简介:万华琴，E-mail：wanhuaki@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0505803);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)

Effect of CO₂ Like Fertilization on Rice Growth by HCO₃^- in Biogas Slurry

WAN HuaQin^1,²(),GU Xu¹,HE HongMei³,TANG YiFan¹,SHEN JianHua⁴,HAN JianGang^1,²(),ZHU YongLi^1,²()

¹College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037
²Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037
³Huanghai Seed Stock Farm, Dongtai 224200, Jiangsu
⁴COFCO Jiajiakang (Jiangsu) Co., Ltd., Dongtai 224200, Jiangsu

Received:2021-09-22 Accepted:2021-12-16 Online:2022-11-16 Published:2022-12-14
Contact: JianGang HAN,YongLi ZHU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 沼液富含氮素是其农田利用的基础，但不可忽视的是，沼液中还含有大量的HCO₃^-。探讨沼液还田过程中HCO₃^-的转化及其对水稻生长的影响，以期为沼液替代化肥，实施化肥减量及沼液资源化利用提供新的理论依据。【方法】 设置沼液原液（BS）、去除HCO₃^-的沼液（BS?B）、去离子水加HCO₃^-（W+B）和去离子水（W）4个处理，采用¹³C标记技术，通过水稻苗期盆栽试验，观测CO₂释放特征，同步分析水稻光合作用速率、胞间CO₂浓度、干鲜重、株高，以及上覆水和土壤pH、HCO₃^-、NH₄⁺含量等的变化。【结果】 （1）BS处理下CO₂释放速率为9.55—38.07 mg·kg^-1·h^-1，净累计释放量为4 654.06 mg·kg^-1；BS?B处理下CO₂释放速率为4.55—17.25 mg·kg^-1·h^-1，净累计释放量为780.68 mg·kg^-1；W+B处理下CO₂释放速率为3.93—26.33 mg·kg^-1·h^-1，净累计释放量为1 274.07 mg·kg^-1；W处理下CO₂释放速率为3.22—11.90 mg·kg^-1·h^-1，累计释放量为2 265.20 mg·kg^-1。BS处理下CO₂平均释放速率分别是BS?B和W+B的4.18倍和2.44倍，净累计释放量分别是BS?B和W+B的5.96倍和3.65倍，均显著高于BS?B和W+B处理。同时，BS处理下的CO₂净累计释放量大于BS?B与W+B两个处理之和，因此HCO₃^-与沼液中其他组分在对CO₂释放影响方面存在协同效应。（2）培养期内BS处理下¹³CO₂的净累计释放量为32.87 mg·kg^-1，占土壤-水稻系统CO₂净累计释放量的0.71%；W+B处理下¹³CO₂的净累计释放量为13.18 mg·kg^-1。相比较而言，BS处理下的¹³CO₂净累计释放量显著高于W+B（P<0.05），这表明沼液中的其他组分促进了HCO₃^-向CO₂的转化。（3）BS和BS?B处理在前12 h水稻的净光合速率显著高于W+B和W处理；添加培养液后2—7 d，BS处理下的净光合速率值显著高于BS?B，同时，整个培养期间均显著高于W+B处理（P<0.05），沼液中的HCO₃^-显著改善了水稻叶片的光合作用。相比较而言，BS处理前5 d胞间CO₂浓度均显著低于其他3个处理。BS和BS?B处理下水稻株高和水稻鲜重均显著高于W+B和W处理（P<0.05），4个处理间水稻干重无显著差异。（4）BS处理水稻幼苗固定的¹³CO₂量为4.05 g·kg^-1，标记物H¹³CO₃^-利用率为18.54%；W+B处理的¹³CO₂固定量为3.29 g·kg^-1，H¹³CO₃^-利用率为14.20%。H¹³CO₃^-源的¹³CO₂促进水稻光合作用，有利于水稻生长。（5）BS和W+B处理下CO₂及¹³CO₂释放速率均与上覆水和土壤HCO₃^-含量、pH显著相关；同时，BS和W+B处理下水稻光合速率均与土壤中HCO₃^-含量显著正相关。【结论】 沼液还田，大量HCO₃^-转化显著促进了CO₂的释放，有利于水稻光合作用。土壤中的HCO₃^-含量和土壤pH是影响CO₂释放和水稻光合作用的重要因素。同时，水稻对沼液中的HCO₃^-具有更高的利用率，沼液中的HCO₃^-存在明显的类CO₂施肥效应。

关键词: 沼液, HCO₃^-, ¹³C标记, 水稻, CO₂施肥效应, 光合作用

Abstract:

【Objective】 Biogas slurry is rich in nitrogen (N), which is the basis of its farmland utilization. However, it also contains a large amount of HCO₃^-. In this study, the conversion of HCO₃^- in biogas slurry and its effect on rice growth were investigated, in order to provide a new theoretical basis for replacing chemical fertilizer with biogas slurry, reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer, and whether biogas slurry could be utilized as resources. 【Method】Four treatments, including biogas slurry (BS), biogas slurry (BS-B), deionized water plus HCO₃^- (W+B) and deionized water (W), were set up in this paper. Using ¹³C labeling technology, the characteristics of CO₂ release were observed through pot experiment at Rice Seedling Stage, and the photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO₂ concentration, dry and fresh weight, plant height, overlying water and soil pH, and HCO₃^- and NH₄⁺ contents were analyzed. 【Result】(1) Under BS treatment, CO₂ release rates ranged from 9.55 to 38.07 mg·kg^-1·h^-1, with a net cumulative release of 4 654.06 mg·kg^-1. Under BS-B treatment, the CO₂ release rates ranged from 4.55 to 17.25 mg·kg^-1·h^-1, and the net cumulative release was 780.68 mg·kg^-1. Under W+B treatment, the CO₂ release rate was 3.93-26.33 mg·kg^-1·h^-1, and the net cumulative release was 1 274.07 mg·kg^-1. Under W treatment, the CO₂ release rate was 3.22-11.90 mg·kg^-1·h^-1, and the cumulative release amount was 2 265.20 mg·kg^-1. Under BS treatment, the average CO₂ release rate was 4.18 times and 2.44 times of BS?B and W+B, respectively, and the net cumulative CO₂ release was 5.96 times and 3.65 times of BS-B and W+B, respectively, which were significantly higher than those under BS?B and W+B treatments. At the same time, the net cumulative release under BS treatment was greater than the sum of the two treatments (BS-B) + (W+B), and HCO₃^- had a synergistic effect with other components in biogas slurry on CO₂ release. (2) The net cumulative release of ¹³CO₂ under BS treatment was 32.87 mg·kg^-1, accounted for 0.71% of the net cumulative release of CO₂ in soil-rice system. The net cumulative release of ¹³CO₂ under W+B treatment was 13.18 mg·kg^-1. In comparison, the net cumulative release amount of ¹³CO₂ under BS treatment was significantly higher than that under W+B treatment (P<0.05), indicated that other components in biogas slurry promoted the conversion of HCO₃^- to CO₂. (3) The net photosynthetic rate of BS and BS?B treatments in the first 12 h was significantly higher than that under W+B and W treatments. After the addition of culture medium, the net photosynthetic rate under BS treatment was significantly higher than that under BS?B treatment at 2-7 d, and was significantly higher than that under W+B treatment during the whole culture period (P<0.05). HCO₃^- in biogas slurry significantly improved the photosynthesis of rice leaves. In comparison, the intercellular CO₂ concentration was significantly lower than that of the other three treatments 5 days before BS treatment. Rice plant height and fresh weight under BS and BS-B treatments were significantly higher than those under W+B and W treatments (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in dry weight among the four treatments. (4) The fixed ¹³CO₂ content of rice seedlings treated by BS was 4.05 g·kg^-1, and the utilization rate of marker HCO₃^- was 18.54%. The fixed amount of ¹³CO₂ in W+B treatment was 3.29 g·kg^-1 and the H¹³CO₃^- utilization rate was 14.20%. The ¹³CO₂ of H¹³CO₃^- promoted the photosynthesis of rice and was beneficial to the growth of rice. (5) The release rates of CO₂ and ¹³CO₂ under BS and W+B treatments were significantly correlated with overlying water and soil HCO₃^- content and pH. At the same time, the photosynthetic rate of rice under BS and W+B treatments was significantly positively correlated with HCO₃^- content in soil. 【Conclusion】 When biogas slurry was returned to the field, a large amount of HCO₃^- transformation significantly promoted the release of CO₂, which was beneficial to rice photosynthesis. Soil HCO₃^- content and soil pH value were important factors for affecting CO₂ release and rice photosynthesis. At the same time, the rice had a higher utilization rate of HCO₃^- in biogas slurry, and HCO₃^- in biogas slurry had obvious CO₂-like fertilization effect.

Key words: biogas slurry, HCO₃^-, ¹³C marking, rice, CO₂ fertilization effect, photosynthesis

万华琴,辜旭,何红梅,汤逸帆,申建华,韩建刚,朱咏莉. 沼液中HCO₃^-对水稻生长的类CO₂施肥效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(22): 4445-4457.

WAN HuaQin,GU Xu,HE HongMei,TANG YiFan,SHEN JianHua,HAN JianGang,ZHU YongLi. Effect of CO₂ Like Fertilization on Rice Growth by HCO₃^- in Biogas Slurry[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(22): 4445-4457.

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pH	电导率 EC (mS·cm^-1)	总有机碳 TOC (g·kg^-1)	全氮 TN (g·kg^-1)	全磷 TP (g·kg^-1)	土壤颗粒组成 Soil particle composition (%)
					黏粒Clay (<0.002 mm)	粉砂粒Silt (0.002-0.02 mm)	砂粒Sand (0.02-2.0 mm)
8.14	1.28	7.68	0.76	0.80	0.8	85.5	13.7

pH	电导率 EC (mS·cm^-1)	总有机碳 TOC (g·L^-1)	总氮 TN (g·L^-1)	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N (g·L^-1)	总磷 TP (mg·L^-1)	碳酸氢根 HCO₃^-(g·L^-1)
8.19	10.21	1.55	1.31	1.20	39.00	7.01

时间 Time	BS			W+B
时间 Time	¹³CO₂即时浓度 Immediate of ¹³CO₂(μmol·mol^-1)	¹³CO₂净释放速率 Net release rate of ¹³CO₂(mg·kg^-1·h^-1)	¹³CO₂净释放量 Net emission of ¹³CO₂(mg·kg^-1)	¹³CO₂即时浓度 Immediate of ¹³CO₂(μmol·mol^-1)	¹³CO₂净释放速率 Net release rate of ¹³CO₂(mg·kg^-1·h^-1)	¹³CO₂净释放量 Net emission of ¹³CO₂(mg·kg^-1)
2 h	14.22±6.83	0.54±0.16	0.54±0.16	16.67±5.18	0.34±0.15	0.34±0.15
6 h	13.33±6.33	0.18±0.03	1.44±0.37	13.02±4.20	0.13±0.06	0.94±0.59
12 h	24.00±6.29	0.21±0.09	1.19±0.61	18.06±9.24	0.06±0.03	0.56±0.08
18 h	8.48±2.11	0.21±0.04	1.25±0.57*	8.69±1.37	0.01±0.00	0.19±0.12
2 d	6.04±0.48	0.11±0.02	3.75±0.57*	3.18±2.73	0.07±0.02	0.85±0.22
3 d	5.83±0.20	0.10±0.03	2.49±0.18*	5.53±1.13	0.03±0.01	0.87±0.29
5 d	5.65±0.21	0.10±0.08	4.91±1.42*	3.59±2.54	0.06±0.03	1.41±0.76
7 d	5.93±0.66	0.10±0.09	4.84±0.57*	3.46±2.48	0.06±0.02	2.72±0.99
10 d	5.33±0.21	0.08±0.04	6.25±2.21*	4.86±0.59	0.02±0.01	2.88±0.52
15 d	4.75±1.25	0.03±0.01	6.21±2.26*	5.56±0.13	0.02±0.01	2.42±0.33
¹³CO₂净累计释放量 Net cumulative emission of ¹³CO₂(mg·kg^-1)			32.87±2.18*			13.18±1.00

处理 Treatment	全碳 TC (g·kg^-1)	植株δ¹³C Plant the δ¹³C (%)	¹³CO₂固定量 Fixed amount of ¹³CO₂(g·kg^-1)	对H¹³CO₃^-的利用率 Utilization of H¹³CO₃^-(%)
BS	433.00	1.35	4.05 ± 0.02 a	18.54
W+B	396.00	1.32	3.29 ± 0.02 b	14.20

	BS	BS-B	W+B	W
(w)HCO₃^-	0.927**	-0.752**	0.836**	0.617**
(w)NH₄⁺-N	0.959**	0.900**	0.137	0.675**
(w)pH	-0.645**	0.147	0.393*	0.277
(s)HCO₃^-	-0.895**	0.713**	-0.714**	0.261
(s)NH₄⁺-N	-0.206	0.095	0.461*	0.139
(s)pH	0.854**	0.610**	-0.840**	0.349

沼液中HCO₃^-对水稻生长的类CO₂施肥效应

Effect of CO₂ Like Fertilization on Rice Growth by HCO₃^- in Biogas Slurry

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	(w)HCO₃^-	(w)NH₄⁺-N	(w)pH	(s)HCO₃^-	(s)NH₄⁺-N	(s)pH
BS	0.786**	0.807**	-0.696**	-0.689**	-0.316	0.756**
W+B	0.757**	-0.296	0.179	-0.645**	0.332	-0.669**

处理 Treatment	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate				胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration
处理 Treatment	BS	BS-B	W+B	W	BS	BS-B	W+B	W
(w)HCO₃^-	0.362*	-0.456*	0.570**	-0.438*	-0.103	0.032	0.098	0.332
(w)NH₄⁺-N	0.250	0.586**	-0.348	-0.120	-0.088	0.040	0.172	0.181
(w)pH	-0.025	0.163	-0.045	0.092	0.305	0.246	0.183	0.059
(s)HCO₃^-	-0.159	0.279	-0.244	-0.270	0.222	0.183	0.076	0.098
(s)NH₄⁺-N	-0.017	-0.118	0.027	-0.258	0.055	0.118	0.072	0.274
(s)pH	0.296	0.580**	-0.365*	-0.428*	-0.123	0.023	0.014	0.131
CO₂释放速率 CO₂ release rate	0.224	0.639**	0.338	-0.426*	-0.051	0.160	0.121	0.117
¹³CO₂释放速率 ¹³CO₂ release rate	0.121		0.634**		-0.126		0.121

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