中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (12): 2423-2434.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.12.010
焦亚鹏1,齐鹏1,2,3(),王晓娇1,4,武均1,2,3,姚一铭1,蔡立群1,2,3,张仁陟1,2,3
收稿日期:
2019-09-01
出版日期:
2020-06-16
发布日期:
2020-06-25
通讯作者:
齐鹏
作者简介:
焦亚鹏,E-mail:jypm1015@163.com。
基金资助:
JIAO YaPeng1,QI Peng1,2,3(),WANG XiaoJiao1,4,WU Jun1,2,3,YAO YiMing1,CAI LiQun1,2,3,ZHANG RenZhi1,2,3
Received:
2019-09-01
Online:
2020-06-16
Published:
2020-06-25
Contact:
Peng QI
摘要:
【目的】探讨不同施氮量条件下土壤氮素转化酶活性和有机氮组分含量的变化规律,并分析氮素转化酶活性与各有机氮组分之间的关系,为陇中黄土高原旱作农业区合理制定施肥量和施肥方案提供参考依据。【方法】基于设置在陇中黄土高原定西市李家堡镇麻子川村的不同施氮量(0(CK)、52.5(N1)、105(N2)、157.5(N3)、210(N4)kg N·hm-2)春小麦长期定位试验,收获后使用Bremner法测定0—40 cm土层中有机氮组分含量,以及4种氮素转化相关酶的活性。【结果】土壤有机氮组分分配比例顺序为氨基酸态氮>酸解铵态氮>酸解未知态氮>氨基糖态氮,同一土层随着施氮量的增加土壤有机碳、全氮、酸解总氮、氨基酸态氮、酸解铵态氮和脲酶活性、蛋白酶活性均呈先增大后降低的趋势,除全氮外其余都在N2处理时最大,全氮含量在N3处理时达到最大;同一处理不同土层间均随土层加深而降低。冗余分析结果表明,全氮含量和蛋白酶活性是影响陇中黄土高原农田有机氮组分分布与转化的关键因子;碳氮比与所有有机氮组分均呈负相关,蛋白酶、有机碳和脲酶与氨基酸态氮呈极显著正相关。【结论】综合而言,N2处理土壤供氮潜力最高,全氮和蛋白酶是影响该区春小麦土壤有机氮组分转化的关键因子。氮肥合理施用能明显提高土壤有机氮含量,不同施氮量条件下土壤有机氮组分变化差异明显,改变了氮素相关转化酶的活性。
焦亚鹏,齐鹏,王晓娇,武均,姚一铭,蔡立群,张仁陟. 施氮量对农田土壤有机氮组分及酶活性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(12): 2423-2434.
JIAO YaPeng,QI Peng,WANG XiaoJiao,WU Jun,YAO YiMing,CAI LiQun,ZHANG RenZhi. Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates on Soil Organic Nitrogen Components and Enzyme Activities in Farmland[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(12): 2423-2434.
表1
施氮量对土壤基本化学性质的影响"
处理 Treatment | 土层 Soil layers (cm) | pH | 有机碳 Soil organic C (g·kg-1) | 全氮 Total nitrogen (g·kg-1) | 全磷 Total phosphorus (g·kg-1) | C﹕N |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 0-10 | 8.24 ± 0.03a | 8.31 ± 0.19c | 0.84 ± 0.02c | 0.93 ± 0.02a | 9.63 ± 0.49ab |
10-20 | 8.37 ± 0.02a | 8.02 ± 0.06b | 0.79 ± 0.04c | 0.79 ± 0.01a | 10.11 ± 0.27a | |
20-40 | 8.41 ± 0.03a | 7.36 ± 0.25b | 0.71 ± 0.01c | 0.63 ± 0.00a | 10.20 ± 0.38a | |
N1 | 0-10 | 8.18 ± 0.02b | 9.38 ± 0.12b | 0.92 ± 0.03b | 0.92 ± 0.00ab | 9.72 ± 0.28a |
10-20 | 8.27 ± 0.03b | 8.67 ± 0.20ab | 0.87 ± 0.05bc | 0.79 ± 0.01ab | 10.23 ± 0.2ab | |
20-40 | 8.35 ± 0.02ab | 7.99 ± 0.08ab | 0.79 ± 0.01b | 0.61 ± 0.00b | 9.95 ± 0.13ab | |
N2 | 0-10 | 8.18 ± 0.01b | 9.45 ± 0.14a | 1.06 ± 0.01a | 0.88 ± 0.01bc | 8.73 ± 0.27bc |
10-20 | 8.23 ± 0.04b | 8.74 ± 0.30a | 1.00 ± 0.04ab | 0.79 ± 0.03bc | 9.05 ± 0.25bc | |
20-40 | 8.31 ± 0.04bc | 8.66 ± 0.14a | 0.90 ± 0.02a | 0.61 ± 0.01bc | 9.23 ± 0.29bc | |
N3 | 0-10 | 8.11 ± 0.01c | 9.40 ± 0.06ab | 1.09 ± 0.01a | 0.85 ± 0.02c | 8.71 ± 0.12c |
10-20 | 8.20 ± 0.01b | 8.87 ± 0.07a | 1.04 ± 0.02a | 0.72 ± 0.01c | 8.98 ± 0.17c | |
20-40 | 8.26 ± 0.04bc | 8.03 ± 0.21ab | 0.91 ± 0.02a | 0.58 ± 0.00c | 8.91 ± 0.38c | |
N4 | 0-10 | 8.11 ± 0.00c | 9.13 ± 0.14ab | 1.04 ± 0.01a | 0.96 ± 0.02ab | 8.77 ± 0.13c |
10-20 | 8.11 ± 0.02c | 9.01 ± 0.17a | 0.95 ± 0.05ab | 0.81 ± 0.00a | 10.22 ± 0.26b | |
20-40 | 8.22 ± 0.01c | 7.93 ± 0.01b | 0.88 ± 0.01a | 0.63 ± 0.01a | 9.20 ± 0.12c |
图4
土壤基础化学性质和氮素转化酶与氮组分的冗余分析 PR:蛋白酶 Proteinase; UR:脲酶 Urease; NR:硝酸还原酶 Nitrate reductase; NIR:亚硝酸还原酶 Nitrate reductase; SOC:土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon; TN:全氮 Total nitrogen; TP:全磷 Total phosphorus; C:N:碳氮比 C:N; AN:酸解铵态氮 Acidolyzable ammonia N; ASN氨基糖态氮 Amino sugar N; AAN氨基酸态氮 Amino acid N; UAN:酸解未知氮 Unknown-acidolyzable N; NAN未酸解氮 Non-acidolyzable N; CKA:CK为试验处理, A为0—10 cm土层, B、C 分别为10—20, 20—40 cm土层. CKA:CK is the treatment, A is 0-10 cm soil layer, B, C is 10-20 and 20-40 cm soil layer, respectively"
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