中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (17): 3355-3364.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.17.008
收稿日期:
2021-08-07
接受日期:
2021-12-21
出版日期:
2022-09-01
发布日期:
2022-09-07
通讯作者:
袁亮
作者简介:
张英强,E-mail: 基金资助:
ZHANG YingQiang(),ZHANG ShuiQin,LI YanTing,ZHAO BingQiang,YUAN Liang()
Received:
2021-08-07
Accepted:
2021-12-21
Online:
2022-09-01
Published:
2022-09-07
Contact:
Liang YUAN
摘要:
【目的】 研究羧基与其他活性官能团组合的不同含羧基有机酸改性尿素在石灰性潮土中的转化特征,为高效氮肥的研制提供理论依据。【方法】 将柠檬酸(羧基+羟基)、腐殖酸(羧基+酚羟基/羰基/醛基等)、聚谷氨酸(羧基+氨基)和聚丙烯酸(羧基)按照0.5%添加量加入熔融尿素中制得含柠檬酸尿素(CAU)、含腐殖酸尿素(HAU)、含聚谷氨酸尿素(PGAU)和含聚丙烯酸尿素(PAAU)4种含羧基有机酸改性尿素试验产品。设置不施肥处理(CK)及施用普通尿素(U)、CAU、HAU、PGAU和PAAU处理,采用土壤培养方法研究不同含羧基有机酸改性尿素对土壤中酰胺态氮、NH4+-N、NO3–-N含量和土壤脲酶活性的影响。并结合普通尿素和不同含羧基有机酸改性尿素的傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR),从化学结构上揭示不同含羧基有机酸改性尿素对尿素转化的影响机制。【结果】 (1)与U处理相比,在6 h—2 d内4种含羧基有机酸改性尿素均能延缓尿素在土壤中的水解,HAU和PGAU处理效果较好、其土壤尿素态氮残留量平均提高22.3%和23.7%。(2)与U处理铵态氮峰值(第2天)相比,HAU处理铵态氮含量峰值推迟至第3天,在6 h—2 d内,HAU处理铵态氮含量平均降低16.9%,HAU处理在培养后期(3—14 d)可提高土壤铵态氮含量,平均提高3.2%。(3)与U处理相比,4种含羧基有机酸改性尿素在培养后期显著提高土壤NO3--N含量,并以HAU处理最高,平均提高17.4 mg·kg-1。(4)与U处理相比,培养前期(1—2 d),4种含羧基有机酸改性尿素均抑制了土壤脲酶活性,其中HAU处理抑制效果最强、脲酶活性较U处理降低30.9%,但却提高了培养后期(2—14 d)土壤脲酶活性。【结论】 含羧基有机酸改性尿素可通过抑制培养前期脲酶活性延缓尿素在土壤中的水解与转化,延缓培养中期NH4+-N向NO3--N转化,提高培养后期土壤NO3--N含量,减少氮损失。以上结果的产生主要是由于羧基及其他活性官能团可以与尿素发生反应。其中羧基与多种活性官能团(酚羟基/醛基/羰基)同时存在时与尿素的反应程度最深,对尿素的缓释效果最好。
张英强,张水勤,李燕婷,赵秉强,袁亮. 不同含羧基有机酸改性尿素在石灰性潮土中的转化特征[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(17): 3355-3364.
ZHANG YingQiang,ZHANG ShuiQin,LI YanTing,ZHAO BingQiang,YUAN Liang. Conversion Characteristics of Different Carboxyl-Containing Organic Acids Modified Urea in Calcareous Fluvo-Aquic Soil[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(17): 3355-3364.
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