中国农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (19): 3710-3722.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.19.003
张川1(),刘栋1,王洪章1,任昊1,赵斌1,张吉旺1,任佰朝1,刘存辉2(
),刘鹏1(
)
收稿日期:
2021-12-05
接受日期:
2022-06-29
出版日期:
2022-10-01
发布日期:
2022-10-10
通讯作者:
刘存辉,刘鹏
作者简介:
张川,E-mail: 基金资助:
ZHANG Chuan1(),LIU Dong1,WANG HongZhang1,REN Hao1,ZHAO Bin1,ZHANG JiWang1,REN BaiZhao1,LIU CunHui2(
),LIU Peng1(
)
Received:
2021-12-05
Accepted:
2022-06-29
Online:
2022-10-01
Published:
2022-10-10
Contact:
CunHui LIU,Peng LIU
摘要:
【目的】黄淮海夏玉米区高温胁迫频发、重发、持续期延长显著影响籽粒产量。本文以不同耐热型玉米品种为材料,探明大喇叭口期(V12)和开花期(VT)高温胁迫对两类品种叶片光合特性、碳同化物积累、分配和籽粒产量的影响。【方法】本研究以耐热型品种郑单958(ZD958)和热敏感型品种先玉335(XY335)为材料,以同时期适宜温度处理(昼32℃12 h/夜22℃12 h)为对照,使用自动控温控湿的高温棚模拟田间自然增温效果,设置V12期、VT期高温胁迫处理(昼38℃12 h/夜28℃12 h),比较高温胁迫后夏玉米叶面积指数(LAI)、碳代谢酶活性、光合速率、碳同化物积累和分配的动态变化特征,明确夏玉米物质生产性能及籽粒产量对高温胁迫的响应机制。【结果】高温胁迫后,两品种的LAI、碳代谢酶活性、净光合速率和干物质积累量均显著降低,ZD958和XY335的LAI、RuBP羧化酶活性、PEP羧化酶活性、净光合速率和干物质积累量比其对照分别降低了2.98%—4.21%、40.38%—54.46%、16.88%—30.60%、18.14%—25.49%、12.83%—19.38%和3.80%—5.07%、56.56%—76.16%、26.33%—33.66%、22.37%—34.62%、22.07%—26.72%,VT期高温胁迫的降幅大于V12期。高温胁迫后,夏玉米叶片蒸腾速率显著升高,但叶片水分利用效率显著下降。高温下两品种的13C同化量均显著降低,V12期高温胁迫后,ZD958和XY335的13C同化量分别降低了18.48%和22.82%,籽粒中13C同化量占比降低。高温胁迫显著降低穗粒数,千粒重虽有小幅提高,但籽粒产量显著降低。与适宜温度相比,V12期高温胁迫后ZD958穗粒数和产量分别降低了62.53%和45.87%;VT期高温胁迫后穗粒数和产量分别降低了70.53%和66.89%;V12期高温胁迫后XY335穗粒数和产量分别降低了70.50%和62.87%;VT期高温胁迫后分别降低了85.41%和80.61%;VT期高温胁迫降幅大于V12期高温胁迫,XY335的降幅大于ZD958。【结论】高温胁迫降低了夏玉米叶面积指数、叶片RuBP和PEP羧化酶活性,显著降低叶片光合速率和干物质生产性能。高温下穗粒数显著减少,抑制了碳同化物从叶片和茎秆向籽粒的转运,最终导致籽粒产量降低。VT期高温胁迫效应大于V12期,热敏感型品种XY335的降幅显著大于耐热型品种ZD958。
张川,刘栋,王洪章,任昊,赵斌,张吉旺,任佰朝,刘存辉,刘鹏. 不同时期高温胁迫对夏玉米物质生产性能及籽粒产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(19): 3710-3722.
ZHANG Chuan,LIU Dong,WANG HongZhang,REN Hao,ZHAO Bin,ZHANG JiWang,REN BaiZhao,LIU CunHui,LIU Peng. Effects of High Temperature Stress in Different Periods on Dry Matter Production and Grain Yield of Summer Maize[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(19): 3710-3722.
表2
高温胁迫对夏玉米完熟期13C同化物积累与分配的影响"
年份 Year | 处理时期 Treatments stage | 处理 Treatment | 13C同化量 13C assimilate amount (mg/plant) | 所占比例 Proportion (%) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
总量 Total | 茎秆 Stem | 叶片 Leaf | 籽粒 Grain | 茎秆 Stem | 叶片 Leaf | 籽粒 Grain | |||
2019 | V12 | ZD-CK | 20.02a | 4.95a | 2.51d | 12.56a | 24.73 | 12.54 | 62.74 |
ZD-HT | 16.32bc | 6.25a | 4.18c | 5.87b | 38.30 | 25.61 | 35.97 | ||
XY-CK | 19.19ab | 4.86a | 2.30d | 12.03a | 25.33 | 11.99 | 62.69 | ||
XY-HT | 14.81c | 6.52a | 4.55b | 3.73d | 44.02 | 30.72 | 25.19 | ||
VT | ZD-CK | 19.70a | 4.86a | 2.53d | 12.31a | 24.67 | 12.84 | 62.49 | |
ZD-HT | 15.64c | 6.97a | 4.13c | 4.55c | 44.57 | 26.41 | 29.09 | ||
XY-CK | 19.74a | 4.73a | 2.37d | 12.63a | 23.96 | 12.01 | 63.98 | ||
XY-HT | 13.34c | 6.18a | 5.05a | 2.12e | 46.33 | 37.86 | 15.89 | ||
2020 | V12 | ZD-CK | 20.69a | 4.53a | 4.07a | 12.09b | 21.89 | 19.67 | 58.43 |
ZD-HT | 18.33bc | 6.70a | 4.19a | 7.43c | 36.55 | 22.86 | 40.53 | ||
XY-CK | 20.07ab | 4.42a | 3.86a | 11.8b | 22.02 | 19.23 | 58.79 | ||
XY-HT | 14.90de | 6.63a | 4.12a | 4.16e | 44.50 | 27.65 | 27.92 | ||
VT | ZD-CK | 21.87a | 4.40a | 3.89a | 13.57a | 20.12 | 17.79 | 62.05 | |
ZD-HT | 16.96cd | 6.50a | 5.38a | 5.10d | 38.33 | 31.72 | 30.07 | ||
XY-CK | 21.51a | 5.10a | 4.10a | 12.31b | 23.71 | 19.06 | 57.23 | ||
XY-HT | 13.59e | 5.74a | 4.57a | 3.28f | 42.24 | 33.63 | 24.14 |
表3
高温胁迫对夏玉米干物质积累及籽粒产量的影响"
年份 Year | 处理时期 Treatment stage | 处理 Treatment | 干物质积累量 Dry matter accumulate amount (g/plant) | 穗粒数 Grains per ear | 千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) | 产量 Yield (g/plant) | 收获指数 HI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
大喇叭口期 V12 | 开花期 VT | 完熟期 R6 | |||||||
2019 | V12 | ZD-CK | 111.63a | 143.15c | 311.50bc | 591.2a | 299.12bc | 151.93a | 0.49a |
ZD-HT | 90.00c | 120.78e | 219.68d | 219.5d | 306.17a | 82.25b | 0.37c | ||
XY-CK | 104.28b | 157.03b | 308.48c | 515.2c | 298.64bc | 153.26a | 0.49a | ||
XY-HT | 76.42d | 115.89e | 211.52d | 152.0e | 308.10a | 57.44c | 0.26d | ||
VT | ZD-CK | — | 153.35b | 329.54a | 562.6ab | 293.87c | 159.58a | 0.47b | |
ZD-HT | — | 133.68d | 221.2d | 165.8e | 304.90ab | 52.83c | 0.24e | ||
XY-CK | — | 177.53a | 320.09ab | 544.3bc | 293.70c | 151.26a | 0.48ab | ||
XY-HT | — | 138.35cd | 199.92e | 79.4f | 301.83ab | 29.33d | 0.14f | ||
2020 | V12 | ZD-CK | 97.31a | 140.18b | 311.12b | 571.1a | 305.195d | 173.46a | 0.56ab |
ZD-HT | 86.80b | 116.49c | 275.84c | 247.1b | 311.663bc | 99.69d | 0.35d | ||
XY-CK | 84.04b | 140.34b | 284.78c | 545.5a | 309.672c | 161.39bc | 0.58a | ||
XY-HT | 64.73c | 102.42d | 243.80e | 188.1cd | 318.725a | 64.47f | 0.26ef | ||
VT | ZD-CK | — | 152.81a | 326.09a | 544.5a | 311.207bc | 169.35ab | 0.51c | |
ZD-HT | — | 139.68b | 260.05d | 194.9c | 314.107b | 77.92e | 0.28e | ||
XY-CK | — | 146.00ab | 300.27b | 550.4a | 309.438c | 157.59c | 0.53bc | ||
XY-HT | — | 124.94c | 212.47f | 151.9d | 321.509a | 52.77g | 0.24f |
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