粒用高粱种质中后期抗旱性鉴定筛选与分类指标评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.22.009

中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (22): 4039-4049.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.22.009

粒用高粱种质中后期抗旱性鉴定筛选与分类指标评价

王玉斌^1,²,平俊爱^1,²(),牛皓^1,²,楚建强¹,杜志宏¹,吕鑫^1,²,李慧明^1,²,张福耀^1,²

1 山西省农业科学院高粱研究所/高粱遗传与种质创新山西省重点实验室,山西晋中 030600
2 农业部黄土高原作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室,太原030031

收稿日期:2019-06-10 接受日期:2019-08-20 出版日期:2019-11-16 发布日期:2019-11-16
通讯作者: 平俊爱
作者简介:王玉斌,Tel：13835464259;E-mail：wyb-444@163.com
基金资助:
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-06);高粱遗传育种与种质创新山西省重点实验室青年基金课题(2018Q-3);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD1001000);酿造专用高粱育种及利用山西省科技创新重点团队运行补助(201805D131012-6);山西省科技基础条件平台项目(201605D121018);山西省农业科学院优势课题组项目(YCX2018D2YS11)

Evaluation of Identification and Classification Index for Drought Resistance at Middle and Late Growth Stage in Grain Sorghum Germplasms

WANG YuBin^1,²,PING JunAi^1,²(),NIU Hao^1,²,CHU JianQiang¹,DU ZhiHong¹,Lü Xin^1,²,LI HuiMing^1,²,ZHANG FuYao^1,²

1 Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Sciences Sorghum Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Sorghum Genetics and Germ Innovation in Shanxi Province, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi
2 Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Creation in the Loess Plateau of the Ministry of Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031

Received:2019-06-10 Accepted:2019-08-20 Online:2019-11-16 Published:2019-11-16
Contact: JunAi PING

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】高粱为世界第五大禾谷类作物,具有多种使用价值。与其他作物相比,高粱具有较强的抗旱能力,但是伴随全球干旱的加剧,干旱成为限制高粱尤其是粒用高粱生产的主要因素之一,同时,不同品种间抗旱能力差异显著。通过对粒用高粱材料进行抗旱性鉴定评价,为高粱抗旱性分子机理以及抗旱育种研究奠定基础。【方法】以165份粒用高粱为材料,通过干旱（DS）和正常灌溉（NI）2种处理方式,在山西省和海南省两地开展抗旱试验。采用大田自然鉴定法,调查株高、穗长、茎粗、叶片持绿性、倒伏率、千粒重、籽粒大小和产量8个主要形态指标。采用综合抗旱系数（CDTC）、抗旱指数（DI）和隶属函数（D）进行聚类分析,结合3种方法对材料进行分类,并对抗旱指标进行评价。【结果】在干旱胁迫下,粒用高粱8个形态指标均出现下降。除叶片持绿性与株高和籽粒大小不相关,抗倒伏性与穗长和籽粒大小不相关外,其余指标均存在一定程度上的相关性。根据3种综合抗旱评价方法筛选出高抗材料5份（L013、SX44B、SX18-25、SX18-87和L405）,敏感材料4份（SX18-46、SX18-82、SX18-96和SX18-73）;根据形态指标的相对值和变异系数,两地试验都显示叶片的持绿性、产量、籽粒大小和抗倒伏性,4个指标对干旱较为敏感,且存在信息交叉。主成分分析结果显示,决定第一主成分的主要是产量、株高和籽粒大小,贡献率31.841%;决定第二主成分的主要是叶片持绿性和千粒重,贡献率20.441%;决定第三主成分的主要是茎粗,贡献率13.557%;决定第四主成分的主要是抗倒伏性,贡献率11.428%;决定第五主成分的为穗长,贡献率9.461%。【结论】粒用高粱中后期干旱胁迫对其主要形态指标均有显著影响。不同高粱材料间抗旱性差异显著,结合3种抗旱性综合评价方法,可以较为准确地评价高粱材料的抗旱性。叶片的持绿性和产量可以作为评价高粱花后抗旱性的主要形态指标。

关键词: 粒用高粱, 抗旱性, 形态指标, 筛选分类, 综合评价

Abstract:

【Objective】 Sorghum is the fifth largest cereal crop in the world, which has a variety of usages. Compared with other crops, sorghum has a strong drought resistance, drought has become one of the main restricting factors in sorghum (especially grain sorghum) production, with the intensification of the global drought. Through drought resistance identification and classification index evaluation of grain sorghum materials were carried out in order to lay foundations for future studies on molecular mechanism of and breeding for drought resistance in sorghum. 【Method】 With 165 grain sorghum accessions as the experimental materials, drought resistance experiments with two treatments, drought (DS) and normal irrigation (NI), were carried out in the fields in Shanxi and Hainan provinces. Eight morphological traits, including plant height, panicle length, stem diameter, leaf greenness, lodging rate, 1000-grain weight, grain size and yield, were investigated. Cluster analysis was carried out by using three methods: Comprehensive Drought Tolerance Coefficient (CDTC), Drought Resistance Index(DI) and membership function(D).【Result】 Under drought stress, all 8 morphological indexes of grain sorghum decreased. Except that leaf greenness was not correlated with plant height and grain size, and lodging resistance was not correlated with panicle length and grain size, all the other indicators were correlated to some extent. Five high-resistant accessions (L013, SX44B, sx18-25, sx18-87 and L405) and 4 sensitive accessions (sx18-46, sx18-82, sx18-96 and sx18-73) were selected according to the three comprehensive drought resistance evaluation methods; According to the relative value and variation coefficient of morphological indicators, the experiments in both places showed that the stay-green, yield, grain size and lodging resistance were sensitive to drought, and there was overlapped information among the four indicators. According to the principal component analysis, yield, plant height and grain size were the main factors determining the first principal component, and the contribution rate was 31.841%; The greenness of the leaves and thousand-grain weight were the main factors determining the second principal component, and the contribution rate was 20.441%; Stem thickness were the main factors determining the third principal component, the contribution rate was 13.557%; the main factors determining the lodging resistance of the fourth principal component, the contribution rate was 11.428% ; The fifth principal component was spike length, the contribution rate was 9.461%. 【Conclusion】 It was found that drought stress at the middle and late growth stages had significant effects on the main morphological indicators of grain sorghum. There existed significant difference among accessions in drought resistance. Combined with three comprehensive evaluation methods of drought resistance, the drought resistance of sorghum accessions could be evaluated more accurately. Two traits stay green and yield could can be used as main morphological indicators to evaluate drought resistance of sorghum after flowering.

Key words: grain sorghum, drought resistance, morphological index, classification, comprehensive evaluation

王玉斌, 平俊爱, 牛皓, 楚建强, 杜志宏, 吕鑫, 李慧明, 张福耀. 粒用高粱种质中后期抗旱性鉴定筛选与分类指标评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(22): 4039-4049.

WANG YuBin, PING JunAi, NIU Hao, CHU JianQiang, DU ZhiHong, Lü Xin, LI HuiMing, ZHANG FuYao. Evaluation of Identification and Classification Index for Drought Resistance at Middle and Late Growth Stage in Grain Sorghum Germplasms[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(22): 4039-4049.

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地点 Locations	指标 Traits	正常灌溉 Normal irrigation			干旱胁迫 Drought stresses			干旱/正常Drought/Normal
地点 Locations	指标 Traits	平均数 Mean	变幅 Variation	变异系数 CV (%)	平均数 Mean	变幅 Variation	变异系数 CV (%)	平均数 Mean	标准差 Deviation	变异系数 CV (%)
山西 Shanxi	株高PH (cm)	175.19	80.15—420.22	19.80	155.92	78.58—360.32	20.18	0.89	0.16	17.98
	穗长SL (cm)	24.50	13.45—45.25	8.25	23.03	14.99—37.60	8.13	0.94	0.10	10.64
	茎粗SD (mm)	15.22	8.52—19.25	8.59	14.00	7.82—17.55	7.88	0.92	0.12	13.04
	叶片持绿性LSG (%)	95.25	82.52—100.00	28.98	62.87	28.64—100.00	30.25	0.66	0.28	42.42
	抗倒伏率AIR (%)	99.52	89.52—100.00	9.58	89.57	60.52—100.00	8.22	0.90	0.17	18.89
	千粒重TKW (g)	27.25	18.95—45.25	25.48	26.43	16.67—45.88	22.59	0.97	0.17	17.53
	籽粒大小GS (mm²)	15.25	8.52—20.15	14.89	12.96	7.89—20.52	14.82	0.85	0.15	17.65
	产量P(kg)	0.22	0.08—0.48	42.89	0.20	0.07—0.45	42.78	0.90	0.27	30.00
海南 Hainan	株高PH (cm)	133.96	71.00—251.00	21.50	116.55	61.50—241.50	20.58	0.87	0.18	20.69
	穗长SL (cm)	23.04	15.00—41.00	7.23	20.74	14.25—41.00	6.90	0.90	0.09	10.00
	茎粗SD (mm)	9.76	5.60—18.90	9.81	8.59	5.30—17.10	8.54	0.88	0.12	13.64
	叶片持绿性LSG (%)	77.25	20.00—100.00	35.32	46.35	0.00—96.00	29.38	0.60	0.30	50.00
	抗倒伏率AIR (%)	99.25	35.00—100.00	10.80	87.34	0.00—100.00	9.12	0.88	0.20	22.73
	千粒重TKW (g)	25.33	13.30—41.30	24.53	23.05	11.10—31.70	23.56	0.91	0.17	18.68
	籽粒大小GS (mm²)	13.22	8.25—19.23	15.45	10.71	8.00—17.90	14.57	0.81	0.22	27.16
	产量P (kg)	0.18	0.06—0.46	43.93	0.15	0.05—0.33	43.56	0.84	0.26	30.95

统计量 Statistical quantity	各指标抗旱系数 Drought resistance coefficient of each index									综合评价 Overall merit
统计量 Statistical quantity	株高 PH	穗长 SL	茎粗 SD	叶片持绿性 LSG	抗倒伏率 AIR	千粒重 TGW	籽粒大小 GS	产量 P		综合抗旱系数 CDTC	抗旱指数 DI	综合评价值 D
平均数 Mean	0.87	0.92	0.90	0.63	0.89	0.94	0.95	0.83		0.87	0.87	0.60
变幅 Variation	0.17—1.05	0.68—1.12	0.53—1.20	0.02—1.88	0.15—1.34	0.47—1.45	0.49—1.67	0.38—1.00	0.58—1.08	0.24—1.68	0.36—0.78
变异系数 CV (%)	0.17	0.15	0.11	0.17	0.15	0.13	0.14	0.18		0.15	0.17	0.16

指标 Indices	株高 PH	穗长系数 SL	茎粗 SD	叶片持绿性 LSG	抗倒伏性 AIR	千粒重 TGW	籽粒大小 SZ	产量 P
株高 PH	1.0000
穗长 SL	0.46**	1.0000
茎粗 SD	0.36**	0.25**	1.0000
叶片持绿性LSG	-0.0100	0.0200	0.0300
抗倒伏性AIR	0.0800	-0.0700	0.0500	0.22**	1.0000
千粒重TGW	0.1500	0.17*	0.0400	0.39**	0.17*	1.0000
籽粒大小SZ	0.28**	0.28**	0.22**	-0.1300	-0.0800	0.19*	1.0000
产量P	0.36**	0.37**	0.24**	0.1100	0.0400	0.40**	0.81**	1.0000

性状 Trait	因子1 Factor1	因子2 Factor2	因子3 Factor3	因子4 Factor4	因子5 Factor5
株高PH	0.622	-0.014	0.527	0.161	0.184
穗长SL	0.609	-0.032	0.103	0.015	-0.754
茎粗SD	0.521	-0.156	0.583	-0.310	0.244
叶片持绿性LSG	0.196	0.731	-0.241	-0.124	0.213
抗倒伏性AIR	0.181	0.519	0.124	0.779	0.036
千粒重TGW	0.432	0.687	-0.098	-0.365	-0.058
籽粒大小SZ	0.607	-0.578	-0.418	0.192	0.191
产量P	0.844	-0.087	-0.443	-0.027	0.092
特征根Characteristic root	2.547	1.635	1.085	0.914	0.757
贡献率Contribution rate (%)	31.841	20.441	13.557	11.428	9.461
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution rate (%)	31.841	52.282	65.839	75.067	84.529

粒用高粱种质中后期抗旱性鉴定筛选与分类指标评价

Evaluation of Identification and Classification Index for Drought Resistance at Middle and Late Growth Stage in Grain Sorghum Germplasms

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