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Journal of Integrative Agriculture  2026, Vol. 25 Issue (2): 659-670    DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.09.006
Crop Science Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search |
Optimized nitrogen and potassium fertilizers application increases stem lodging resistance and grain yield of oil flax by enhancing lignin biosynthesis

Xiqiang Li1, 2, Yuhong Gao2, 3, 4, Zhengjun Cui5, Tingfeng Zhang6, Shiyuan Chen1, 2, Shilei Xiang1, 2, Lingling Jia1, 2, Bin Yan2, 3, 4, Yifan Wang2, 3, 4, Lizhuo Guo2, 3, 4, Bing Wu1, 2, 3#  

1 College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China

2 State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China

3 Seed Industry Research Institute of Gansu Provincial University, Lanzhou 730070, China 

4 College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China

5 College of Agronomy, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China

6 College of Life Science and Engineering, Hexi University, Zhangye 734000, China

 Highlights 
Utilization of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers can elevate stem bending strength and lodging resistance index and grain yield showed an increasing-then-decreasing trend with rising nitrogen and potassium fertilizer levels.
Lignin content, stem bending strength, and lodging resistance index exhibited highly signifcant positive correlations with each other.
Expression of 4CL1 and F5H3 genes and the activities of four enzymes (tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and peroxidase (POD)) were signifcantly and positively associated with lignin content.
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摘要  

倒伏制约中国北方胡麻增产增效的重要因素之一。作物倒伏与否和茎秆中木质素含量密切相关,而氮肥与钾肥互作如何调控胡麻茎秆木质素生物合成有待进一步深入研究。 因此,本研究旨在增强胡麻的抗倒伏特性,从而促进胡麻产量的提高。本试验于20222023年两个生长季,分析了不同氮肥(75150225 kg N ha-1和不同钾肥(60 90 kg K2O ha-1配施处理对胡麻木质素代谢、抗倒伏性和籽粒产量的影响结果表明,氮肥和钾肥及其互作处理均有利于木质素合成积累,提高茎秆抗倒伏特性,促进胡麻增产。与CK相比,75 kg N ha-1-150 kg N ha‐1配施60 kg K2O ha-1处理显著提高了木质素生物合成酶活性(TALPALPODCAD)和相关基因(4CL1F5H3)表达量,木质素含量显著增加29.63-43.30%,进而显著提高了茎秆抗折力和抗倒伏指数,籽粒产量增加了23.27-32.34%。相关性分析表明,氮肥和钾肥正向调控木质素相关酶活性和相关基因表达量,促进了木质素合成积累提高了茎秆抗折力和抗倒伏指数;木质素相关酶活性和相关基因表达量、抗倒伏特性和籽粒产量间均呈正相关关系。综上所述,75 kg N ha-1-150 kg N ha‐1配施60 kg K2O ha-1处理促进了木质素合成积累,提高陇中旱作农业区胡麻的抗倒伏能力和籽粒产量,为旱作农业区胡麻抗逆高产栽培模式提供了技术参考。



Abstract  

Lodging is a major constraint limiting oil flax production efficiency in northern China.  Crop lodging susceptibility is closely related to stem lignin content, and the regulatory mechanisms by which nitrogen and potassium fertilization interactively influence lignin biosynthesis in oil flax stems require further investigation.  Therefore, this study aimed to enhance lodging resistance and increase grain yield in oil flax.  We examined the interactive effects of different nitrogen (75, 150, and 225 kg N ha–1) and potassium (60 and 90 kg K2O ha–1) fertilizer rates on lignin metabolism, lodging resistance, and grain yield during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons.  Results indicated that nitrogen and potassium fertilizer levels and their interactions promoted lignin accumulation, improved lodging resistance, and increased grain yield.  Compared to the control (CK), the 75–150 kg N ha–1 combined with 60 kg K2O ha–1 treatments significantly enhanced the activities of key lignin-synthesizing enzymes (tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and peroxidase (POD)) and upregulated the expression of 4CL1 and F5H3 genes, leading to a 29.63–43.30% increase in lignin content, improved stem bending strength and lodging resistance index, and a 23.27–32.34% increase in grain yield.  Correlation analysis revealed that nitrogen and potassium fertilizers positively regulated enzyme activities and gene expression related to lignin biosynthesis, thereby facilitating lignin accumulation and enhancing stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance.  Positive correlations were observed among lignin-related enzyme activities, gene expression, lodging resistance traits, and grain yield.  In summary, the application of 75–150 kg N ha–1 in conjunction with 60 kg K2O ha–1 promoted lignin biosynthesis and accumulation, enhanced lodging resistance, and increased grain yield in oil flax grown in the dryland farming region of central Gansu, China.  Furthermore, this treatment provides a technical basis for cultivating stress-tolerant and high-yield oil flax in arid regions.


Keywords:  oil flax       nitrogen fertilizer        potassium fertilizer        stem lodging resistance        lignin biosynthesis        yield  
Received: 21 March 2024   Accepted: 15 July 2024 Online: 14 September 2024  
Fund: 

This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31760363), the Earmarked Fund for CARS (CARS-14-1-16), the Gansu Education Science and Technology Innovation Industry Support Program, China (2021CYZC-38), the Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid Land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, China (GSCS-2020-Z6).

About author:  Xiqiang Li, E-mail: 1929769260@qq.com; #Correspondence Bing Wu, E-mail: wub@gsau.edu.cn

Cite this article: 

Xiqiang Li, Yuhong Gao, Zhengjun Cui, Tingfeng Zhang, Shiyuan Chen, Shilei Xiang, Lingling Jia, Bin Yan, Yifan Wang, Lizhuo Guo, Bing Wu . 2026. Optimized nitrogen and potassium fertilizers application increases stem lodging resistance and grain yield of oil flax by enhancing lignin biosynthesis. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 25(2): 659-670.

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