Reduced tillage coupled with straw return improves the grain yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content in fragrant rice

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.020

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

2025, Vol. 24

Issue (5): 1718-1737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2024.03.020

Crop Science

Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search

Reduced tillage coupled with straw return improves the grain yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content in fragrant rice

Zhaowen Mo^1*, Siren Cheng^{1, 2*}, Yong Ren^{1, 2*}, Longxin He¹, Shenggang Pan^{1, 3, 4}, Haidong Liu⁵, Hua Tian^{1, 3, 4}, Umair Ashraf⁶, Meiyang Duan^{1, 3, 4}, Xiangru Tang^{1, 3, 4#}

¹State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China

²Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology/College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China

³Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510642, China

⁴Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Science and Technology of Fragrant Rice, Guangzhou 510642, China

⁵Research Institute of Oil Crop, Academy of Hezhou Agricultural Sciences, Hezhou 542813, China

⁶Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan

Highlights
● Tillage management and straw return significantly impacted rice yield, quality, and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) content.
● Minimum tillage with straw return boosted both yield and 2-AP content.
● Mechanisms explaining improved yield and 2-AP accumulation under conservation tillage and straw return were identified.

Abstract
References

Download: PDF in ScienceDirect
Export: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要

农田实施保护性耕作或秸秆还田措施对水稻（Oryza sativa）的产量和品质形成有着显著的影响。香稻的高产优质生产受农田管理措施的影响很大，其中以香稻香气关键的挥发性化合物2-乙酰-1吡咯啉（简称2-AP）受田间管理措施的影响尤为显著。本研究旨在探究耕作管理和秸秆还田对香稻产量和2-AP生物合成的影响。该研究在2016年和2017年进行了为期两年大田试验，采用两个代表性的香稻品种（美香占2号和象牙香占）作为试验材料。试验包括不同的耕作管理和秸秆还田处理，具体为3种耕作管理措施：旋耕（T0）、少耕（T1）和免耕（T2），2种秸秆还田处理：秸秆不还田（S0）和秸秆还田（S1）。试验中还田所用的秸秆来源为试验田早季收割后相应的香稻品种所遗留下来的秸秆残余物。试验结果表明，耕作管理和秸秆还田处理显著影响了供试香稻品种的产量、品质和2-AP含量。相比于T0S0处理组，耕作管理和秸秆还田处理提高了2-AP含量，2016年和2017年试验处理的平均2-AP含量提高幅度分别为12.41-116.85%和34.85-103.89%。耕作管理和秸秆还田处理的2-AP含量以T2S1和T1S1处理的较高。结构方程模型（SEM）表明，香稻植株叶片和籽粒中的香气代谢酶活性协同调节了籽粒中香气代谢前体物质的生物合成，从而进一步促进了籽粒中的2-AP积累。此外，主成分分析显示T1S1处理与2-AP含量和香稻产量呈正相关关系。结构方程模型（SEM）表明，氮代谢相关酶活性、光合作用相关特性和产量构成因素对稻谷产量有较大的贡献。T1S1处理的平均产量最高，达760.75 g m^-2，这归因于T1S1处理提高了农艺和生理特性等多方面的指标，如叶片面积指数、SPAD值、氮代谢、单位面积有效穗数和每穗粒数等。总的来说，少耕与秸秆还田（T1S1）处理更有利于协同提升香稻产量和2-AP含量。

Abstract

The practice of conservation tillage or straw return to the farmland influences the grain yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa). The key volatile compound responsible for the fragrance of fragrant rice is 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), which is significantly affected by field management measures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of tillage management and straw return on the grain yield and biosynthesis of 2-AP in fragrant rice. This study was conducted over two years in 2016 and 2017 and used two fragrant rice cultivars (Meixiangzhan 2 and Xiangyaxiangzhan) as materials. The experimental design consisted of different tillage management and straw return treatments, which included three tillage management regimes: rotary tillage (T0), minimum tillage (T1), and no tillage (T2); and two straw return treatments: without straw return (S0) and straw return (S1). The straw used for the experiment was sourced from the residue of the corresponding fragrant rice cultivar harvested in the early season. Tillage management and straw return substantially affected the grain yields, grain quality, and 2-AP contents of both fragrant rice cultivars. Compared with the T0S0 treatment, tillage management and straw return resulted in 2-AP content improvements in 2016 (12.41–116.85%) and 2017 (34.85–103.89%) on average. Higher 2-AP contents were also detected in both fragrant rice cultivars in the T2S1 and T1S1 treatments. A structural equation model (SEM) demonstrated that the activities of enzymes related to fragrance metabolism in the leaves and grain jointly regulated the biosynthesis of precursors of fragrance metabolism in the grain, which further promoted the accumulation of 2-AP. In addition, a principal component analysis indicated that the T1S1 treatment was positively correlated with both 2-AP and grain yield. The SEM demonstrated that the enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism, parameters related to photosynthesis, and yield components contributed to the grain yield. The T1S1 treatment resulted in the highest average grain yield of 760.75 g m^–2, which could be attributed to increases in various attributes, such as the leaf area index, SPAD value, nitrogen metabolism, panicle number m^–2, and grain number per panicle. In summary, the minimum tillage and straw return (T1S1) treatment is more effective at simultaneously improving both the grain yield and 2-AP content in fragrant rice.

Keywords: fragrant rice tillage straw returning 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline yield

Received: 28 August 2023 Online: 06 March 2024 Accepted: 29 January 2024

Fund: We acknowledge the funding provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971843 and 31271646) and the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation, China (2021GXNSFBA196084).

About author: Zhaowen Mo, E-mail: scaumozhw@126.com; #Correspondence Xiangru Tang, Tel: +86-20-85280204-618, E-mail: tangxr@sacu.edu.cn * These authors contributed equally to this study.

	Service
	E-mail this article
	Add to citation manager
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	Articles by authors

Cite this article:

Zhaowen Mo, Siren Cheng, Yong Ren, Longxin He, Shenggang Pan, Haidong Liu, Hua Tian, Umair Ashraf, Meiyang Duan, Xiangru Tang. 2025. Reduced tillage coupled with straw return improves the grain yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content in fragrant rice. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 24(5): 1718-1737.

Asai H, Samson B K, Stephan H M, Songyikhangsuthor K, Homma K, Kiyono Y, Inoue Y, Shiraiwa T, Horie T. 2009. Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos 1. Soil physical properties, leaf SPAD and grain yield. Field Crops Research, 111, 81–84.

Bao G G, Ashraf U, Wang C L, He L X, Wei X S, Zheng A, Mo Z W, Tang X R. 2018. Molecular basis for increased 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline contents under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) conditions in fragrant rice. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 133, 149–157.

Bu R Y, Ren T, Lei M J, Liu B, Li X K, Cong R H, Zhang Y Y, Lu J W. 2020. Tillage and straw-returning practices effect on soil dissolved organic matter, aggregate fraction and bacteria community under rice–rice–rapeseed rotation system. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 287, 106681.

Buttery R G, Ling L C, Juliano B O, Turnbaugh J G. 1983. Cooked rice aroma and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 31, 823–826.

Chen H Z, Xiang J, Xu Y C, Lin X Q, Zhu D F. 2013. Effect of no-tillage on the quality of mechanical transplanting, growth and grain yield of rice. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 27, 610–616. (in Chinese)

Chen X, Han X Z, Wand X H, Guo Z X, Yan J, Lu X C, Zou W X. 2023. Inversion tillage with straw incorporation affects the patterns of soil microbial co-occurrence and multi-nutrient cycling in a Hapli-Udic Cambisol. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22, 1546–1559.

Chen Y J, Dai L, Cheng S R, Ren Y, Deng H Z, Wang X Y, Li Y Z, Tang X R, Wang Z M, Mo Z W. 2024. Regulation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and grain quality of early-season indica fragrant rice by nitrogen and silicon fertilization under different plantation methods. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 23, 511–535.

Chien H F, Lin C C, Wang J W, Chen C T, Kao C H. 2002. Changes in ammonium ion content and glutamine synthetase activity in rice leaves caused by excess cadmium are a consequence of oxidative damage. Plant Growth Regulation, 36, 41–47.

Denardin L, Carmona F D, Veloso M G, Martins A P, de Freitas T, Carlos F S, Marcolin É, Camargo F, Anghinoni I. 2019. No-tillage increases irrigated rice yield through soil quality improvement along time. Soil & Tillage Research, 186, 64–69.

Dhaliwal S S, Naresh R K, Gupta R K, Panwar A S, Mahajan N C, Singh R, Mandal A. 2020. Effect of tillage and straw return on carbon footprints, soil organic carbon fractions and soil microbial community in different textured soils under rice-wheat rotation: A review. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio-Technology, 19, 103–115.

Dossou-Yovo E R, Brüggeman N, Ampofo E, Igue A M, Jesse N, Huat J, Agbossou E K. 2016a. Combining no-tillage, rice straw mulch and nitrogen fertilizer application to increase the soil carbon balance of upland rice field in northern Benin. Soil & Tillage Research, 163, 152–159.

Dossou-Yovo E R, Brüggemann N, Jesse N, Huat J, Ago E E, Agbossou E K. 2016b. Reducing soil CO2 emission and improving upland rice yield with no-tillage, straw mulch and nitrogen fertilization in northern Benin. Soil & Tillage Research, 156, 44–53.

Du B, He L X, Lai R F, Luo H W, Zhang T T, Tang X R. 2020. Fragrant rice performances in response to continuous zero-tillage in machine-transplanted double-cropped rice system. Scientific Reports, 10, 8326.

Du P, Luo H W, He J, Mao T, Du B, Hu L. 2019. Different tillage induces regulation in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis in direct-seeded fragrant rice. BMC Plant Biology, 19, 308.

Giraud G. 2013. The world market of fragrant rice, main issues and perspectives. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 16, 1–20.

Gao P, Zhang T, Lei XY, Cui X W, Lu Y X, Fen P F, Long S P, Huang J, Gao J S, Zhang Z H, Zhang H M. 2023. Improvement of soil fertility and rice yield after long-term application of cow manure combined with inorganic fertilizers. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22, 2221–2232.

Goufo P, Duan M, Wongpornchai S, Tang X. 2010. Some factors affecting the concentration of the aroma compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in two fragrant rice cultivars grown in South China. Frontiers of Agriculture in China, 4, 1–9.

Gui R F, Chen Y J, Jiang Y, Li L, Wang Z M, Pan S G, Zhang M H, Tang X R, Mo Z W. 2022. Deep placement of liquid fertilizer at tillering stage influences grain quality, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline synthesis, and antioxidant response of fragrant rice. Field Crops Research, 289, 108716.

Hao M M, Hu H Y, Liu Z, Dong Q L, Sun K, Feng Y P, Li G, Ning T Y. 2019. Shifts in microbial community and carbon sequestration in farmland soil under long-term conservation tillage and straw returning. Applied Soil Ecology, 136, 43–54.

Hill J M. 1967. The inactivation of pea-seedling diamine oxidase by peroxidase and 1,5-diaminopentane. Biochemical Journal, 104, 1048–1055.

Hinge V, Patil H, Nadaf A. 2016. Comparative characterization of aroma volatiles and related gene expression analysis at vegetative and mature stages in basmati and non-basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 178, 619–639.

Holmstedt B, Larsson L, Tham R. 1961. Further studies of a spectrophotometric method for the determination of diamine oxidase activity. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 48, 182–186.

Hong W Y, Chen Y J, Huang S H, Li Y Z, Wang Z M, Tang X R, Pan S G, Tian H, Mo Z W. 2022. Optimization of nitrogen-silicon (N-Si) fertilization for grain yield and lodging resistance of early-season indica fragrant rice under different planting methods. European Journal of Agronomy, 136, 126508.

Huang M, Zhou X F, Cao F B, Xia B, Zou Y B. 2015. No-tillage effect on rice yield in China: A meta-analysis. Field Crops Research, 183, 126–137.

Huang Z L, Tang X R, Wang Y L, Chen M J, Pan S G. 2012. Effects of increasing aroma cultivation on aroma and grain yield of aromatic rice and their mechanism. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 45, 1054–1065. (in Chinese)

Jakoby W B, Fredericks J. 1959. Pyrrolidine and putrescine metabolism: γ-aminobutyraldehy dedehydrogenase. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 234, 2145–2150.

Ji B Y, Hu H, Zhao Y L, Mu X Y, Liu K, Li C H. 2014. Effects of deep tillage and straw returning on soil microorganism and enzyme activities. Scientific World Journal, 1, 451493.

Jin Z, Shah T, Zhang L, Liu H, Peng S, Nie L. 2020. Effect of straw returning on soil organic carbon in rice–wheat rotation system: A review. Food and Energy Security, 9, e200.

Kaikavoosi K, Kad T D, Zanan R L, Nadaf A B. 2015. 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline augmentation in scented indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties through Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene transformation. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 177, 1466–1479.

Kong L L, Ashraf U, Cheng S R, Rao G S, Mo Z W, Tian H, Pan S G, Tang X R. 2017. Short-term water management at early filling stage improves early-season rice performance under high temperature stress in south China. European Journal of Agronomy, 90, 117–126.

Kong L L, Luo H W, Mo Z W, Pan S G, Liu Z X, Zhang Q, Bai S, Tang X R. 2020. Grain yield, quality and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline of fragrant rice in response to different planting seasons in South China. Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, 89, 705–714.

Li L, Tian H, Zhang M H, Fan P S, Ashraf U, Liu H D, Chen X F, Duan M Y, Tang X R, Wang Z M, Zhang Z, Pan S G. 2021. Deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer increases rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency with fewer greenhouse gas emissions in a mechanical direct-seeded cropping system. Crop Journal, 9, 1386–1396.

Li M J, Ashraf U, Tian H, Mo Z W, Pan S G, Anjum S A, Duan M Y, Tang X R. 2016. Manganese-induced regulations in growth, yield formation, quality characters, rice aroma and enzyme involved in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline biosynthesis in fragrant rice. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 103, 167–175.

Li Y, Chang S X, Tian L H, Zhang Q P. 2018. Conservation agriculture practices increase soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in agricultural soils: A global meta-analysis. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 121, 50–58.

Liu X W, Huang Z L, Li Y Z, Xie W J, Li W, Tang X R, Ashraf U, Kong L L, Wu L M, Wang S L, Mo Z W. 2020. Selenium-silicon (Se-Si) induced modulations in physio-biochemical responses, grain yield, quality, aroma formation and lodging in fragrant rice. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 196, 110525.

Maraval I, Sen K, Agrebi A, Menut C, Morere A, Boulanger R, Gay F, Mestresa C, Gunata Z 2010. Quantification of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in rice by stable isotope dilution assay through headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 675, 148–155.

Mbuthia L W, Acosta-Martínez V, Debruyn J, Schaeffer S, Tyler D, Odoi E, Mpheshea M, Walker F, Eash N. 2015. Long term tillage, cover crop, and fertilization effects on microbial community structure, activity: Implications for soil quality. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 89, 24–34.

Mi W H, Sun T, Ma Y Y, Chen C, Ma Q X, Wu L H, Wu Q C, Xu Q. 2023. Higher yield sustainability and soil quality by manure amendment than straw returning under a single-rice cropping system. Field Crops Research, 292, 108805.

Mo Z W, Ashraf U, Tang Y J, Li W, Pan S G, Duan M Y, Tian H, Tang X R. 2018. Nitrogen application at the booting stage affects 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, proline, and total nitrogen contents in aromatic rice. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 78, 165–172.

Mo Z W, Huang J X, Xiao D, Ashraf U, Duan M Y, Pan S G, Tian H, Xiao L Z, Zhong K Y, Tang X R. 2016. Supplementation of 2-AP, Zn and La improves 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline concentrations in detached aromatic rice panicles in vitro. PLoS ONE, 11, e0149523.

Mo Z W, Lei S, Ashraf U, Khan I, Li Y, Pan S G, Duan M Y, Tian H, Tang X R. 2017. Silicon fertilization modulates 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content, yield formation and grain quality of aromatic rice. Journal of Cereal Science, 75, 17–24.

Mo Z W, Li W, Pan S G, Fitzgerald T L, Xiao F, Tang Y J, Wang Y L, Duan M Y, Tian H, Tang X R. 2015. Shading during the grain filling period increases 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline content in fragrant rice. Rice, 8, 9.

Mo Z W, Li Y H, Nie J, He L X, Pan S G, Duan M Y, Tian H, Xiao L Z, Zhong K Y, Tang X R. 2019a. Nitrogen application and different water regimes at booting stage improved yield and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) formation in fragrant rice. Rice, 12, 74.

Mo Z W, Tang Y J, Ashraf U, Pan S G, Duan M Y, Tian H, Wang S L, Tang X R. 2019b. Regulations in 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline contents in fragrant rice are associated with water-nitrogen dynamics and plant nutrient contents. Journal of Cereal Science, 88, 96–102.

Nandan R, Singh V, Singh S S, Kumar V, Hazra K K, Nath C P, Poonia S, Malik R K, Bhattacharyya R, McDonald A. 2019. Impact of conservation tillage in rice-based cropping systems on soil aggregation, carbon pools and nutrients. Geoderma, 340, 104–114.

Ncube B, Finnie J F, Van Staden J. 2013. Dissecting the stress metabolic alterations in in vitro cyrtanthus regenerants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 65, 102–110.

Okpala N E, Mo Z W, Duan M Y, Tang X R. 2019. The genetics and biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in fragrant rice. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 135, 272–276.

Pandey R, Agarwal R M. 1998. Water stress-induced changes in proline contents and nitrate reductase activity in rice under light and dark conditions. Physiology & Molecular Biology of Plants, 4, 53–57.

Pittelkow C M, Linquist B A, Lundy M E, Liang X Q, van Groenigen K J, Lee J, van Gestel N, Six J, Venterea R T, van Kessel C. 2015. When does no-till yield more? A global meta-analysis. Field Crops Research, 183, 156–168.

Qing B W, Jiang Y, Chen Y J, Chen J L, Xie H J, Mo Z W. 2022. Nitrogen modulates early growth and physio-biochemical attributes in fragrant rice grown under cadmium and multiwall carbon nanotubes stresses. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29, 67837–67855.

Ren Y, Cheng S, Pan S, Tian H, Duan M, Wang S, Tang X. 2021. Effect of conservation tillage practices on aroma, yield and quality of mechanical-transplanting fragrant rice. Journal of Plant Interaction, 16, 522–532.

Sahrawat K L. 2012. Soil fertility in flooded and non-flooded irrigated rice systems. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 58, 423–436.

Sakthivel K, Sundaram R M, Rani N S, Balachandran S M, Neeraja C N. 2009. Genetic and molecular basis of fragrance in rice. Biotechnology Advances, 27, 468–473.

Sánchez E, Ruiz J M, Romero L. 2002. Proline metabolism in response to nitrogen toxicity in fruit of French Bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Strike). Scientia Horticulturae, 93, 225–233.

Singh K, Mishra A K, Singh B, Singh R P, Patra D D. 2016. Tillage effects on crop yield and physicochemical properties of sodic soils. Land Degradation & Development, 27, 223–230.

Tao H B, Brueck H, Dittert K, Kreye C, Lin S, Sattelmacher B. 2006. Growth and yield formation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) In the water-saving ground cover rice production system (GCRPS). Field Crops Research, 95, 1–12.

Toan N S, Cheng W G, Kimani S M, Shiono H, Sugawara R, Tawaraya K, Watanabe T, Kumagai K. 2020. Stable carbon isotope ratios of water-extractable organic carbon affected by application of rice straw and rice straw compost during a long-term rice experiment in Yamagata, Japan. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 66, 125–132.

Umair S, Leung Y M, Bland R J, Simpson H V. 2011. Enzymes of the ornithine-glutamate-proline pathway in the sheep abomasal nematode parasites Haemonchus contortus and Teladorsagia circumcincta. Experimental Parasitology, 129, 115–119.

Wang J, Qiu Y Y, Zhang X Y, Zhou Z, Han X, Zhou Y, Qin L, Liu K, Li S Y, Wang W L, Chen Y, Yang J C, Liu L J. 2023. Increasing basal nitrogen fertilizer rate improves grain yield, quality and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in rice under wheat straw returning. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 1099751.

Wei Q, Xu J Z, Sun L, Wang H Y, Lv Y P, Li Y W, Hammed F. 2019. Effects of straw returning on rice growth and yield under water-saving irrigation. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 79, 66–74.

Xie W J, Li Y H, Li Y Z, Ma L, Ashraf U, Tang X R, Pan S G, Tian H, Mo Z W. 2021. Application of γ-aminobutyric acid under low light conditions: Effects on yield, aroma, element status, and physiological attributes of fragrant rice. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 213, 111941.

Xu Y, Nie L, Buresh R J, Huang J, Cui K, Xu B, Gong W H, Peng S B. 2010. Agronomic performance of late-season rice under different tillage, straw, and nitrogen management. Field Crops Research, 115, 79–84.

Yan F J, Sun Y J, Xu H, Yin Y Z, Wang H Y, Wang C Y, Guo C C, Yang Z Y, Sun Y Y, Ma J. 2018. Effects of wheat straw mulch application and nitrogen management on rice root growth, dry matter accumulation and rice quality in soils of different fertility. Paddy and Water Environment, 16, 507–518.

Yan Q Y, Wu L J, Dong F, Yan S D, Li F, Jia Y Q, Zhang J C, Zhang R F, Huang X. 2024. Subsoil tillage enhances wheat productivity, soil organic carbon and available nutrient status in dryland fields. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 23, 251–266.

Yang S Y, Zou Y B, Liang Y Z, Xia B, Liu S K, Md I, Li D Q, Li Y Q, Chen L, Zeng Y, Liu L, Chen Y, Li P, Zhu J W. 2012. Role of soil total nitrogen in aroma synthesis of traditional regional aromatic rice in China. Field Crops Research, 125, 151–160.

Yang W, Xu D, Li S, Tang X, Pan S, Chen X, Mo Z. 2022. Emergence and seedling establishment of rice varieties at different sowing depths. Journal of Plant Growth Regultion, 41, 1672–1686.

Yin W, Fan Z L, Hu F L, Fan H, He W, Sun Y L, Wang F, Zhao C, Yu A Z, Chai Q. 2023. No-tillage with straw mulching boosts wheat grain yield by improving the eco-physiological characteristics in arid regions. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 22, 3416–3429.

Zhang D Y. 2022. Yuan Longping hybrid rice science and technology innovation. Journal of Hybrid Rice, 5, 234–235. (in Chinese)

Zhao R M, Luo H W, Wang Z M, Hu L. 2020. Benefits of continuous plow tillage to fragrant rice performance. Agronomy Journal, 112, 4171–4181.

Zhao X, Liu S L, Pu C, Zhang X Q, Xue J F, Ren Y X, Zhao X L, Chen F, Lal R, Zhang H L. 2017. Crop yields under no-till farming in China: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Agronomy, 84, 67–75.

[1]	Liang Wang, Nijiang Ai, Zechang Zhang, Chenhui Zhou, Guoli Feng, Sheng Cai, Ningshan Wang, Liuchun Feng, Yu Chen, Min Xu, Yingying Wang, Haoran Yue, Mengfei Chen, Liangshuai Xing, Baoliang Zhou. *Development of Gossypium hirsutum–Gossypium raimondii* introgression lines and their use in QTL mapping of agricultural traits**[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(5): 1688-1703.
[2]	Jia Wu, Luqi Zhang, Ziyi Wang, Fan Ge, Hao Zhang, Jianchang Yang, Yajie Zhang. Reasonable dry cultivation methods can balance the yield and grain quality of rice[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(3): 1030-1043.
[3]	Qingyun Tang, Guodong Wang, Lei Zhao, Zhiwen Song, Yuxiang Li. Responses of yield, root traits and their plasticity to the nitrogen environment in nitrogen-efficient cultivars of drip-irrigated rice [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(2): 480-496.
[4]	Yongshui Hao, Xueying Liu, Qianqian Wang, Shuxin Wang, Qingqing Li, Yaqing Wang, Zhongni Guo, Tiantian Wu, Qing Yang, Yuting Bai, Yuru Cui, Peng Yang, Wenwen Wang, Zhonghua Teng, Dexin Liu, Kai Guo, Dajun Liu, Jian Zhang, Zhengsheng Zhang. *Mapping QTLs for fiber- and seed-related traits in Gossypium* tomentosum CSSLs with a G. hirsutum background** [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(2): 467-479.
[5]	Chuandong Tan, Yadan Du, Xiaobo Gu, Wenquan Niu, Jinbo Zhang, Christoph Müller, Xuesong Cao. Aerated irrigation increases tomato production by improving soil nitrogen availability[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(1): 322-338.
[6]	Jinfeng Wang, Xueyun Yang, Shaomin Huang, Lei Wu, Zejiang Cai, Minggang Xu. Long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers increases crop yield sustainability by improving soil fertility in maize–wheat cropping systems[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2025, 24(1): 290-305.
[7]	Zijuan Ding, Ren Hu, Yuxian Cao, Jintao Li, Dakang Xiao, Jun Hou, Xuexia Wang. Integrated assessment of yield, nitrogen use efficiency and ecosystem economic benefits of use of controlled-release and common urea in ratoon rice production[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(9): 3186-3199.
[8]	Yongjian Chen, Lan Dai, Siren Cheng, Yong Ren, Huizi Deng, Xinyi Wang, Yuzhan Li, Xiangru Tang, Zaiman Wang, Zhaowen Mo. *Regulation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline and grain quality in early-season indica* fragrant rice by nitrogen and silicon fertilization under different plantation methods** [J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(2): 511-535.
[9]	Ningning Yu, Bingshuo Wang, Baizhao Ren, Bin Zhao, Peng Liu, Jiwang Zhang. Water and nitrogen footprint assessment of integrated agronomic practice management in a summer maize cropping system[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(10): 3610-3621.
[10]	Lingxiao Zhu, Hongchun Sun, Ranran Wang, Congcong Guo, Liantao Liu, Yongjiang Zhang, Ke Zhang, Zhiying Bai, Anchang Li, Jiehua Zhu, Cundong Li. Exogenous melatonin improves cotton yield under drought stress by enhancing root development and reducing root damage[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2024, 23(10): 3387-3405.
[11]	ZHANG Zhi-peng, LI Zhen, HE Fang, LÜ Ji-juan, XIE Bin, YI Xiao-yu, LI Jia-min, LI Jing, SONG Jing-han, PU Zhi-en, MA Jian, PENG Yuan-ying, CHEN Guo-yue, WEI Yu-ming, ZHENG You-liang, LI Wei. Genome-wide association and linkage mapping strategies reveal the genetic loci and candidate genes of important agronomic traits in Sichuan wheat[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(11): 3380-3393.
[12]	YANG Xu, ZHANG Jia-hua, YANG Shan-shan, WANG Jing-wen, BAI Yun, ZHANG Sha. Modelling the crop yield gap with a remote sensing-based process model: A case study of winter wheat in the North China Plain[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2023, 22(10): 2993-3005.
[13]	GUAN Xian-jiao, CHEN Jin, CHEN Xian-mao, XIE Jiang, DENG Guo-qiang, HU Li-zhen, LI Yao, QIAN Yin-fei, QIU Cai-fei, PENG Chun-rui. Root characteristics and yield of rice as affected by the cultivation pattern of strong seedlings with increased planting density and reduced nitrogen application[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(5): 1278-1289.
[14]	Yeison M QUEVEDO, Liz P MORENO, Eduardo BARRAGÁN. *Predictive models of drought tolerance indices based on physiological, morphological and biochemical markers for the selection of cotton (Gossypium* hirsutum L.) varieties**[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(5): 1310-1320.
[15]	ZHU Ling-xiao, LIU Lian-tao, SUN Hong-chun, ZHANG Yong-jiang, ZHANG Ke, BAI Zhi-ying, LI An-chang, DONG He-zhong, LI Cun-dong . Effects of chemical topping on cotton development, yield and quality in the Yellow River Valley of China[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2022, 21(1): 78-90.

No Suggested Reading articles found!

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed

Cite this article:

About JIA

Editorial board

For authors