Please wait a minute...
Journal of Integrative Agriculture
Advanced Online Publication | Current Issue | Archive | Adv Search
Heat and drought stress impair nitrogen uptake and allocation in maize by reshaping root morpho-physiology

Ya Guo, Yinglong Chen, Hao Ren, Hongzhang Wang, Bin Zhao, Jiwang Zhang, Baizhao Ren, Peng Liu#

College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China

 Highlights 

Heat decreased the root‑to‑shoot ratio and drought increased it, but both induced “low‑cost” root anatomical changes.

Combined stress caused more severe oxidative damage and root energy deficit than either heat or drought alone.

This energy disruption under combined stress suppressed nitrogen assimilation, lowering uptake and shifting nitrogen to shoots.

Download:  PDF in ScienceDirect  
Export:  BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)      
摘要  

全球气候变化导致高温与干旱复合事件的频率增加,亟需阐明两者协同对作物根系功能和养分吸收的影响。本研究将玉米植株分别置于对照(CK)、高温胁迫(H)、干旱胁迫(D)以及高温干旱复合胁迫(HD)下,于第12片完全展开叶期(V12)处理5天。结果表明,高温(H)降低了根冠比,而干旱(D)提高了根冠比。两种单一胁迫均诱导了“低成本”的根系解剖结构变化。然而,在复合胁迫(HD)下,这些解剖结构的改变最为显著,同时伴随着最严重的氧化损伤、最强的根系呼吸抑制以及最严重的细胞能量亏缺。能量限制下调了氮同化关键酶(NRGSGOGAT)的活性,并削弱了单一胁迫下观察到的谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)的代偿性上调。因此,HDHD处理下根系氮吸收效率分别下降了9.0%10.4%18.0%HD处理下植株总氮积累量最低,氮分配逐渐向地上部倾斜。HD处理下籽粒产量也最低。总之,本研究表明,高温干旱复合胁迫引发氧化损伤,进而加剧根系能量亏缺并抑制氮同化作用,从而降低玉米的氮吸收效率。



Abstract  

Global climate change is increasing the frequency of concurrent heat and drought events, highlighting the urgent need to elucidate their synergistic effects on crop root function and nutrient uptake. We subjected maize plants to normal condition (CK), heat stress (H), drought stress (D), and combined heat and drought stress (HD) at the 12th fully expanded leaf stage (V12) for five days. The root-to-shoot ratio decreased under H but increased under D. Both single stresses induced “low-cost” root anatomical changes. Under HD, however, these anatomical alterations were most pronounced. They coincided with the strongest oxidative damage, the greatest suppression of root respiration, and the most severe cellular energy deficit. This energy limitation downregulated key nitrogen assimilation enzymes (NR, GS, and GOGAT) and impaired the compensatory upregulation of glutamate dehydrogenase observed under single stresses. Consequently, root nitrogen uptake efficiency declined by 9.0%, 10.4%, and 18.0% under H, D, and HD, respectively. Total plant nitrogen accumulation was lowest under HD, with nitrogen allocation increasingly skewed toward the shoot. Grain yield also lowest under HD. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that combined heat and drought cause oxidative damage, which in turn worsens the energy deficit in roots and suppresses nitrogen assimilation, thereby reducing nitrogen acquisition efficiency in maize.

Keywords:  combined heat and drought stress       root-to-shoot ratio              root anatomical structure              root respiration              nitrogen allocation  
Online: 01 May 2026  
Fund: 

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32572449) and the Shandong Province Maize Industry Technology System, China (SDAIT02-08).

About author:  Ya Guo, E-mail: gyy062629@163.com; #Correspondence Peng Liu, E-mail: liupengsdau@126.com

Cite this article: 

Ya Guo, Yinglong Chen, Hao Ren, Hongzhang Wang, Bin Zhao, Jiwang Zhang, Baizhao Ren, Peng Liu. 2026. Heat and drought stress impair nitrogen uptake and allocation in maize by reshaping root morpho-physiology. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.05.003

Agathokleous E, Belz R G, Kitao M, Koike T, Calabrese E J. 2019. Does the root to shoot ratio show a hormetic response to stress? An ecological and environmental perspective. Journal of Forestry Research, 30, 1569-1580.

Ai Q Q, Yang H Q, Yang S Q, Liu X B, Yang L Y. 2023. Physiological and biochemical mechanism of glutamate signal on heat tolerance in maize seedlings. Plant Physiology Journal59, 1923-1932.

Alec M, Elizabeth N, Tshifhiwa P M, Martin P M, Casper N K. 2025. Linkages between sorghum bicolor root system architectural traits and grain yield performance under combined drought and heat stress conditions. Agronomy, 15, 1815.

Ana R S, Helena G C. 2015. Glutamine synthetase in medicago truncatula, unveiling new secrets of a very old enzyme. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6, 578.

Asande N, Hussein S, Vincent C, Kwame S, Sandiswa F. 2024. Biomass allocation and carbon storage in the major cereal crops: A meta-analysis. Crop Science, 64, 2064-2080.

Birami B, Gattmann M, Heyer A G, Grote R, Arneth A, Ruehr N K. 2018. Heat waves alter carbon allocation and increase mortality of Aleppo pine under dry conditions. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 1, 8.

Burgess A J. 2023. Double Trouble: Compound effects of heat and drought stress on carbon assimilation. Plant Physiology, 194, 1255-1256.

Chen H H, Jia Y M, Xu H, Wang Y W, Zhou Y, Huang Z R, Yang L T, Li Y, Chen L S Guo J X. 2020. Ammonium nutrition inhibits plant growth and nitrogen uptake in citrus seedlings. Scientia Horticulturae, 272, 109526.

Chen L R, Liu M Y, Cai Y J, Wu L Q, Zhang Q F. 2024. Magnesium deficiency differentiated effects on the roots growth and shoot metabolism by regulating the distribution of photosynthetic products in tea plants. Scientia Horticulturae, 338, 113748. 

Chen X Y, Liu P, Zhao B, Zhang J W, Ren B Z, Li Z, Wang Z Q. 2022. Root physiological adaptations that enhance the grain yield and nutrient use efficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) and their dependency on phosphorus placement depth. Field Crops Research, 276, 108378.

Chen Y, Su Y W, Ren J C, Lin Y L, Wang W, Zhang H Q, Yin X R, Liu X F. 2024. Restricted responses of AcMYB68 and AcERF74/75 enhanced waterlogging tolerance in kiwifruit. The Plant Journal, 119, 1059-1072.

Corentin M, Mustapha A, Fanny L, Sylvie G, Christophe S, Marion P. 2024. Decoding the double stress puzzle: Investigating nutrient uptake efficiency and root architecture in soybean under heat- and water-stresses. Plant, Cell & Environment, 1-20.

Dash G K, Barik M, Debata A K, Baig M J, Swain P. 2017. Identification of most important rice root morphological markers in response to contrasting moisture regimes under vegetative stage drought. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 39, 1-13.

Disasa K N, Yan H F, Zhang J Y, Wang G Q, Zhang C, Zhang D S, Wang B Y, Hao B B. 2026. Comprehensive review of drought characteristics and intensification under climate change: Implications for agriculture and water resources. Journal of Hydrology, 664, 134571.

Gao Y Z, Lynch J P. 2016. Reduced crown root number improves water acquisition under water deficit stress in maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 67, 4545-4557.

Goraya K G, Kaur B, Asthir B, Bala S, Kaur G, Farooq M. 2017. Rapid injuries of high temperature in plants. Journal of Plant Biology, 60, 298-305.

Guo C C, Bao X Y, Sun H C, Zhu L X, Zhang Y J, Zhang K, Bai Z Y, Zhu J J, Liu X Q, Li A C, Dong H Z, Zhan L J, Liu L T, Li C D. 2024a. Optimizing root system architecture to improve cotton drought tolerance and minimize yield loss during mild drought stress. Field Crops Research, 308, 109305.

Guo C C, Zhang K, Sun H C, Zhu L X, Zhang Y J, Wang G Y, Li A C, Bai Z Y, Liu L T, Li C D. 2024b. Root cortical senescence enhances drought tolerance in cotton. Plant, Cell & Environment, 48, 615-633.

He J Q, Hu W, Li Y X, Zhu H H, Zou J, Wang Y H, Meng Y L, Chen B L, Zhao W Q, Wang S S, Zhou Z G. 2022. Prolonged drought affects the interaction of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in root and shoot of cotton. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 197, 104839.

Hu J, Zhao X Y, Gu L M, Liu P, Zhao B, Zhang J W, Ren B Z. 2023. The effects of high temperature, drought, and their combined stresses on the photosynthesis and senescence of summer maize. Agricultural Water Management, 289, 108525.

Kou X Y, Han W H, Kang J. 2022. Responses of root system architecture to water stress at multiple levels: A meta-analysis of trials under controlled conditions. Frontiers in Plant Science13, 1085409.

De Leon J A D, Borges C R. 2020. Evaluation of oxidative stress in biological samples using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay. Journal of Visualized Experiments, 159, e61122.

Li H W, Tang Y L, Meng F Z, Zhou W Q, Liang W W, Yang J W, Wang Y C, Wang H, Guo J M, Yang Q H, Shao R X. 2025a. Transcriptome and metabolite reveal the inhibition induced by combined heat and drought stress on the viability of silk and pollen in summer maize. Industrial Crops & Products, 226, 120720.

Li Q, Wang P J, Li Y, Tang J X, Li X, Zhang Y D, Han D C, Wang Q, Zhao Y C, Yang Z Q. 2025b. Hazard assessment of compound drought and heat events on summer maize from agricultural and meteorological perspectives. Agricultural Water Management, 313, 109479.

Liu C H, Pang S Y, Li X F, Liu P, Zhou Y, Lin X, Gu S B, Wang D. 2025a. Layered nitrogen fertilization regulates root morphology to promote synergistic nitrogen and phosphorus absorption in maize (Zea mays L.). Field Crops Research, 322, 109737. 

Liu M Y, Yin Y X, Zhang P, Ma X Y, Mao Y Y, Dai S B. 2025b. Water-energy characteristics of the warming and drying trends in the eastern China. Journal of Hydrology661, 133515.

Lynch P J. 2019. Root phenotypes for improved nutrient capture: An underexploited opportunity for global agriculture. The New Phytologist, 223, 548-564.

Maryam M, Reza K, Reza T A. 2024. Strigolactone (GR24) and abscisic acid induced drought tolerance in wheat by ameliorating nutrient uptake. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 44, 1-16.

Mohammadi M, Eghlima G, Aghamir F, Nezamdoost D, Bagnazari M, Bidabadi S S. 2024. Melatonin alleviates drought stress and increases lutein and zeaxanthin industrial pigments in African marigold by some physiological regulations. Industrial Crops & Products222, 120089.

Mostafa H H A, Li B Z, Zhu X H, Song C P. 2021. Nitrogen assimilation under osmotic stress in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. Plant Growth Regulation, 94, 1-13.

Niu L, Yan Y Y, Hou P, Bai W B, Zhao R L, Wang Y H, Li S K, Du T S, Zhao M, Song J Q, Zhou W B. 2020. Influence of plastic film mulching and planting density on yield, leaf anatomy, and root characteristics of maize on the Loess Plateau. The Crop Journal, 8, 548-564.

Pedersen O, Sauter M, Colmer T D, Nakazono M. 2020. Regulation of root adaptive anatomical and morphological traits during low soil oxygen. The New Phytologist, 229, 42-49.

Qi L H, Hao T L, Chen K, Zheng L X, Guan H J, Zhou W Q, Yang J J, Guan C F. 2025. Soil temperature elevation enhances phenanthrene phytoremediation by maize through improvement of plant growth and soil microbial activity. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 223, 109844.

Qu B, Feng F J, Di J, Noor H. 2024. Root morphology and physiological of their relationship with nitrogen uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Heliyon, 10, e29283.

Raja V, Qadir S U, Alyemeni M N, Ahmad P. 2020. Impact of drought and heat stress individually and in combination on physio-biochemical parameters, antioxidant responses, and gene expression in solanum lycopersicum. 3 Biotech, 10, 208.

Riaz M ,Yasmeen E, Liu M Y, Ali H S, Lv M L, Shi H, Du C H, Dong T T, Liu Z X, Song Q W, Ma Q J, Zuo K J. 2024. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mtOXPHOS) serves as a sentinel to gauge fluctuations under heat stress in Arabidopsis thaliana elucidated by comparative transcriptomics. Plant Stress, 14, 100613.

Ru C, Hu X T, Chen D Y, Wang W, Song T Y. 2022. Heat and drought priming induce tolerance to subsequent heat and drought stress by regulating leaf photosynthesis, root morphology, and antioxidant defense in maize seedlings. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 202, 105010.

Sahana B, Surbhi K, Alok K, Rimsha S, Santosh K, Gautam K. 2021. Nitro-oxidative stress induces the formation of roots’ cortical aerenchyma in rice under osmotic stress. Physiologia Plantarum, 172, 963-975.

Sasmita M, Kim S, Jaclyn G, Ishita S, Gopal C. 2023. Effects of heat stress on plant-nutrient relations: An update on nutrient uptake, transport, and assimilation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24, 1567.

Schneider H M, Wojciechowski T, Postma J A, Brown K M, Lücke A, Zeisler V, Schreiber L, Lynch J P. 2017. Root cortical senescence decreases root respiration, nutrient content and radial water and nutrient transport in barley. Plant, Cell & Environment, 40, 1392-1408.

Seth P, Sebastian J. 2025. A localized disruption in auxin status leading to root system defects under elevated temperature environments. Plant Cell Reports, 44, 264.

Shi J C, BenGal A, Yermiyahu U, Wang L C, Zuo Q. 2013. Characterizing root nitrogen uptake of wheat to simulate soil nitrogen dynamics. Plant and Soil, 363, 139-155.

Sidhu J S, Ajmera I, Arya S, Lynch J P. 2023. RootSlice-a novel functional-structural model for root anatomical phenotypes. Plant, Cell & Environment, 46, 1671-1690.

Sidhu J S, Lynch J P. 2024. Cortical cell size regulates root metabolic cost. The Plant Journal, 118, 1343-1357.

Sidhu J S, Valdivia I L, Strock C F, Schneider H M, Lynch J P. 2024. Cortical parenchyma wall width regulates root metabolic cost and maize performance under suboptimal water availability. Journal of Experimental Botany75, 5750-5767.

Stefania F, Domenica N, Cecilia L, Ilaria M, Agata G, Maria C d P. 2023. The role of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in the improvement of nitrogen use efficiency in cereals. Biomolecules, 13, 1771.

Suzuki N, Rivero R M, Shulaev V, Blumwald E, Mittler R. 2014. Abiotic and biotic stress combinations. The New Phytologist203, 32-43.

Tollefson J. 2025. Earth breaches 1.5°C climate limit for the first time: What does it mean? Nature, 637, 769-770.

Vescio R, Abenavoli M R, Sorgonà A. 2020. Single and combined abiotic stress in maize root morphology. Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 10, 5.

Wang H Q, Sun J, Ren H, Zhao B, Li Y T, Zhang Z S, Ren B Z, Aziz K, Zhang J W, Chen Y L, Liu P. 2025. Increased hormone activity promotes silk development and heat tolerance during the floret differentiation stage in maize. The Crop Journal, 13, 545-555. 

Wang W J, Shi S L, Kang W J, He L. 2023. Enriched endogenous free Spd and Spm in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under drought stress enhance drought tolerance by inhibiting H2O2 production to increase antioxidant enzyme activity. Journal of Plant Physiology, 291, 154139.

Wang X, Wang X, Sun Z, Zhou C H, Fan Z P, Yan G C; He Y, Zhu Z J Xu Y M. 2025. The role of CsaMIR396E-CsaGRFs in regulating root: Shoot ratio under osmotic stress in cucumber. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 232, 106120.

Xia Z Q, Zhang G X, Zhang S B, Wang Q, Fu Y F, Lu H D. 2021. Efficacy of root zone temperature increase in root and shoot development and hormone changes in different maize genotypes. Agriculture, 11, 477.

Xu W, Zhang W, Yu Y, Sun W J, Yu L J, Shang D Y, Xue C Y, Zhang Q. 2025. Response of crop photosynthetic product allocation under different water supply conditions: A global synthetic analysis. Field Crops Research, 333, 110104.

Yan S Y, Weng B S, Jing L S, Bi W X, Yan D H. 2022. Adaptive pathway of summer maize under drought stress: Transformation of root morphology and water absorption law. Frontiers in Earth Science, 10, 1020053.

Yang L, Sun H J, Xu B, Liu Y L, Zhu H F, Guo Z F. 2025. A calmodulin-like protein (MsCML50) confers cold tolerance through interacting with MsTPP8 to moderate sugars accumulation and ROS scavenging in alfalfa. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 239, 106255.

Yang L T, Hu N J, Fu Q X, Chen X Y, Ren Y M, Ye X, Lai N W, Chen L S. 2024. Effects of aluminum (Al) stress on nitrogen (N) metabolism of leaves and roots in two citrus species with different Al tolerance. Scientia Horticulturae, 334, 113331.

Yang H, Gu X T, Ding M Q, Lu W P, Lu D L. 2020. Weakened carbon and nitrogen metabolisms under post-silking heat stress reduce the yield and dry matter accumulation in waxy maize. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19, 78-88.

Zhang Z H, Diao R J, Sun J Y, Liu Y N, Zhao M R, Wang Q P, Xu Z L, Zhong B J. 2023. Diversified molecular adaptations of inorganic nitrogen assimilation and signaling machineries in plants. The New Phytologist241, 2108-2123.

Zhao H L, Chang T G, Xiao Y, Zhu X G. 2021. Potential metabolic mechanisms for inhibited chloroplast nitrogen assimilation under high CO2. Plant Physiology, 187, 1812-1833.

Zhou L Y, Hong Y, Li C H, Lu C Y, He Y H, Shao J J, Sun X Y, Wang C Y, Liu R Q, Liu H Y, Zhou G Y, Zhou X H. 2020. Responses of biomass allocation to multi-factor global change: A global synthesis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 304, 107115.

Zscheischler J, Raymond C, Chen Y, Grix N L, Libonati R, Rogers C D W, White C J, Wolski P. 2025. Compound weather and climate events in 2024. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, 6, 240-242.

[1] Jing Zuo, Yingying Quan, Yue Li, Dong Song, Jinpeng Li, Yuxin Wang, Li Yi, Yang Wang. Targeting ThyA: Investigating the mechanisms of 5-FU-induced inhibition of biofilm formation and virulence in Streptococcus suis through LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(6): 0-.
[2] Jiangong Li, Xiaodan Hu, Ana Lucic, Yiqi Wu, Isabella C.F.S. Condotta, Ryan N. Dilger, Narendra Ahuja, Angela R. Green-Miller. Promote computer vision applications in pig farming scenarios: high-quality dataset, fundamental models, and comparable performance[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(6): 0-.
[3] Hui Jiang, Yanfeng Liu, Ying Liao, Xusheng Qiu, Lei Tan, Cuiping Song, Chan Ding, Yingjie Sun. PEX5-mediated modulation of apoptotic pathways in response to Newcastle disease virus infection[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(6): 0-.
[4] Ying Li, Linlin Liu, Qi Wang, Yong Wang, Jiali Yan, Moein Khojasteh, Syed MA Shah, Zhengyin Xu, Gongyou Chen. The conserved Xanthomonas effector XopM targets allene oxide synthase OsAOS3 and interferes with jasmonate-mediated defense in rice[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(6): 0-.
[5] Shuo Yang, Qianru Jia, Qiong Wang, Junyan Wang, Jiahao Li, Shengyan Hu, Wei Zhang, Hongmei Zhang, Ya Guo, Xin Chen, Yuelin Zhu, Huatao Chen. Genome-wide association study of appearance quality traits and development of KASP makers in vegetable soybean[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(6): 0-.
[6] Guanghao Wang, Hui Wang, Liangqiong He, Zhuqiang Han, Jiaowen Pan, Huan Zhang, Lei Hou, Xingjun Wang, Baozhu Guo, Chuanzhi Zhao. Inheritance and QTL mapping identified multi-effects loci for fatty acid related traits in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(6): 0-.
[7] Ruijing Shang, Shihai Liang, Qing Yan, Bingxin Wang, Guoliang Qian, Lang Yang, Xiaogang Wu. (p)ppGpp interacts with TrmE and regulates the PcoI/PcoR quorum-sensing system of Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(6): 0-.
[8] Li Zhe, Hui Wang, Jiping Chen, Xiaoge Fu, Liang Wang, Yang Yang, Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir, Huili Yan, Hongyan Chu, Chi Zhang, Yingang Hu, Xiaoyong Liao, Hanzhong Jia, Liang Chen. Genome-wide association study of novel genetic loci for cadmium accumulation and germplasm screening for low-cadmium accumulation in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(6): 0-.
[9] Zhipeng Shi, Guohao Han, Tiantian Gu, Hanwen Yan, Yujie Chang, Shiyu Zhuo, Lijun Cao, Lixian Xing, Yuping Liu, Xiaofang Li, Yelun Zhang, Diaoguo An. Multi-dimensional comprehensive evaluation reveals the characteristics of quality traits of wheat cultivars in the Huang-Huai wheat region of China[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(6): 0-.
[10] Qin Dai, Hong Chen, Ziqiang Chen, Chang Liu, Gaoliang Li, Yakun Wang, Xiaotao Hu. Identification of optimal phenological periods for summer maize yield prediction using UAV-based multispectral data[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(6): 0-.
[11] Luchen Zhang, Longqin Wang, Yongchao Tian, Liang Tang, Bing Liu, Yan Zhu, Weixing Cao, Liujun Xiao, Leilei Liu. Quantify the effects of nitrogen and potassium interactions on wheat using a new development index[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(6): 0-.
[12] E Li, Zhijuan Liu, Xiaomao Lin, Tao Li, Dengyu Shi, Huazhe Shang, Suliang Qiao, Guangxin Zhu, Wanrong Yang, Zhenzhen Fu, Jingjin Gong, Wanghua Yang, Zhenkang Yang, Xiaomeng Lu, Jingjing Wang, Lexuan Wang, Jin Zhao, Chuang Zhao, Xiaoguang Yang. Radiation use efficiency of maize under high-density optimal growth conditions in Jilin Province, China[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(6): 0-.
[13] Zhanerke Akhatayeva, Hongying Dan, Hosein Salehian-Dehkordi, Talgat Seiteuov, Abdugani Abdurasulov, Rustembay Aitjanov, Kejian Lin, Songsong Xu. Recent advances in genomic studies for domestication and genetic improvement of traits in goats[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(6): 0-.
[14] Xiaomin Ma, Lisha Zeng, Jialin Wang, Yan Zhou, Yongjian Zhang, Junhui Chen, Yakov Kuzyakov. The adaptability of plants to phosphorus deficiency shapes the bacterial community and the spatial patterns of enzyme activities in the rhizosphere[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(6): 0-.
[15] Mengchao Zheng, Jianjun Zhang, Weini Wang, Zhigang Qiao, Junmei Liu, Min Gong, Xiaobin Li, Hongyuan Zhang, Yuyi Li, Ningning Li, Lin Yang, Wenjuan Li. A classification modeling strategy based on dominant factors of salinization to enhance remote sensing inversion accuracy[J]. >Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2026, 25(6): 0-.
No Suggested Reading articles found!