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Journal of Integrative Agriculture
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MdNAC72-like regulation of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin synthesis in apple

Xiaoling Teng1*, Lei Yu1*, Jing Zhang1, Sumin Qi2, Rui Zhang3, Wenjun Liu1, Qi Zou1, Xiaoliu Chen1, Nan Wang1, Xuesen Chen1#, Zongying Zhang1#

1 College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/National Research Generator for Apple Engineering and Technology, TaiAn, 271018, Shandong, China

2 Shandong Institute of Pomology, TaiAn, 271000, Shandong, China

3 HeZe University, HeZe, 274000, Shandong, China

 Highlights 

Overexpression of MdNAC72-like in apple callus tissue can promote the synthesis of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins.

MdNAC72-like directly interacts with the promoters of the MdMYB9, MdLAR, and MdUFGT genes.

The interaction between MdNAC72-like and MdERF1B enhances its transcriptional activation of downstream MdMYB9, MdLAR, and MdUFGT genes.

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摘要  

包括花青苷和原花青素在内的黄酮类化合物,是植物重要的次生代谢产物,在植物的生长发育和逆境胁迫等方面发挥着重要作用。我们发现了一个重要的NAC家族转录因子MdNAC72-like,与苹果果实成熟过程中花青苷的含量密切相关,随后通过酵母单杂交、电泳迁移率试验和荧光素酶报告试验,证实了MdNAC72-like能直接结合MdMYB9MdLARMdUFGT的启动子并激活其转录,促进花青苷和原花青素的生物合成。同时,通过酵母双杂交、pull-down和双分子荧光互补试验证实MdERF1BMdNAC72-like相互作用,进一步增强了MdNAC72-like对下游结构基因MdMYB9MdLARMdUFGT的转录激活活性。综上所述,MdNAC72-like为苹果花青苷和原花青素合成调控机制提供了更丰富的研究价值和理论依据。



Abstract  

Flavonoid compounds, including anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, are significant secondary metabolites in plants and play crucial roles in various aspects of plant growth, development, and environmental stress responses. In the present study, we identified a key transcription factor from the NAC family, designated as MdNAC72-like, which had a strong correlation with the anthocyanin content during the apple fruit ripening process. Through techniques including yeast one-hybrid analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and luciferase reporter assays, we illustrated that MdNAC72-like directly interacts with the promoters of the MdMYB9, MdLAR, and MdUFGT genes. This interaction enhances their transcriptional activity, leading to a favorable impact on the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in plants. Furthermore, utilizing yeast two-hybrid, pull-down, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, we demonstrated that MdERF1B forms an interaction with MdNAC72-like, which in turn augments the transcriptional activation ability of MdNAC72-like on the downstream structural genes MdMYB9, MdLAR, and MdUFGT. In conclusion, MdNAC72-like presents significant research potential, and these results offer a theoretical framework for understanding the regulatory mechanisms governing anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin synthesis in apple.

Keywords:  MdNAC72-Like       nthocyanin       Proanthocyanidin       MdERF1B  
Online: 01 April 2026  
Fund: 

This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2023YFD1200100), the Provincial Natural Fund (ZR2022MC017) and the Good Seed Project (2022LZGC010).

About author:  * These authors contributed equally to this study. Correspondence Xuesen Chen, E-mail: chenxs@sdau.edu.cn; Zongying Zhang, E-mali: zongyingzhang@sdau.edu.cn

Cite this article: 

Xiaoling Teng, Lei Yu, Jing Zhang, Sumin Qi, Rui Zhang, Wenjun Liu, Qi Zou, Xiaoliu Chen, Nan Wang, Xuesen Chen, Zongying Zhang. 2026. MdNAC72-like regulation of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin synthesis in apple. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Doi:10.1016/j.jia.2026.03.055

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