Comparison of rumen and liver lipid metabolism in grazing vs. indoor-feeding lambs: Insights into optimizing muscle fatty acid composition

doi:10.1016/j.jia.2025.05.010

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

2026, Vol. 25

Issue (10): 4303-4317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jia.2025.05.010

Animal Science · Veterinary Medicine

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Comparison of rumen and liver lipid metabolism in grazing vs. indoor-feeding lambs: Insights into optimizing muscle fatty acid composition

Zhen Li^{1, 2}, Sijia Peng², Xingang Zhao², Yuejun Wang², Yingjun Zhang¹, Hailing Luo²^#

¹ College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

² State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Highlights

● Grazing mainly affects the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen and liver.

● Grazing inhibits fatty acid oxidation and lipid synthesis in the liver.

● The reduction of oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid in the rumen and liver helps decrease their deposition in the muscle, thus optimizing muscle fatty acid composition.

Abstract
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摘要

草原资源是养羊业的基石，人工草场的发展为减轻天然草原的载畜压力提供了有效的解决方案。脂肪酸组成是羊肉品质的重要评价指标，基于机体脂质代谢对羊肉脂肪酸组成的影响，本试验通过研究放牧和舍饲羔羊瘤胃和肝脏脂质代谢的差异，旨在为揭示优质放牧羊肉的成因及提高人工草场放牧系统生产力提供参考。本试验中，22只体重相近、体况相似的断奶公羔被随机分为舍饲组（AF组）和人工草场放牧组（AG组），每组11只。AF组单栏饲养，日粮采用颗粒料和干草充分混合后每天饲喂2次；AG组每天放牧12 h，不补饲。预试期7天，正试期90天。结果显示，AF组羔羊血清中的葡萄糖和甘油三酯浓度显著高于AG组，而脂肪酶水平则显著低于AG组（P < 0.05）。代谢组学结果显示，oleic acid（油酸）和palmitic acid（棕榈酸）作为参与脂质代谢过程的关键差异代谢物（differential metabolites，DFMs），在AG组羔羊瘤胃中的水平下调。在肝脏中，AG组羔羊的油酸、α-linolenic acid（α-亚麻酸）和stearic acid（硬脂酸）水平下调，而linoleic acid（亚油酸）上调。同时也发现富集于丙酸代谢过程的瘤胃hydroxypropanoate（羟基丙酸）和肝脏succinic acid（琥珀酸）均在放牧羔羊中下调。通过肝脏转录组测序分析发现：放牧通过下调ME1、FABP1、HADHA、PLIN2和ACAA2等基因的水平抑制了肝脏中的脂肪酸氧化和脂质合成过程。CYP4A6的转录水平与丙酸代谢过程中的DFM（琥珀酸）之间的显著相关性表明丙酸代谢对肝脏脂质代谢活动具有潜在调控作用。此外，肌肉、瘤胃和肝脏中的油酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸水平也具有密切相关性，进一步揭示了瘤胃和肝脏脂质代谢对肌肉脂肪酸沉积的重要贡献。综上，我们的研究通过对瘤胃和肝脏的多组学联合分析，从消化器官-代谢器官-肌肉组织多层面以脂质代谢为中心进行系统研究，揭示了不同饲养模式下羔羊的脂质代谢机制及对肌肉脂肪酸沉积的潜在影响，为实现优质放牧羊肉生产和草地生产力有效提高的目标提供了思路。

Abstract

Grassland resources are the foundation of the sheep industry, and the development of artificial pastures provides a solution for alleviating the livestock-carrying pressure on natural grasslands. Based on the impact of lipid metabolism on muscle fatty acid composition, studying the differences in rumen and liver lipid metabolism between grazing and indoor feeding lambs helps to analyze the causes of high-quality grazing lamb meat and to improve the productivity of artificial pasture-based grazing systems. A total of 22 weaned lambs with similar weights were assigned to two groups: one fed pellets and hay in separate pens (AF) and the other grazing exclusively on artificial pasture (AG) for 90 d. The results showed significantly higher serum glucose and triglyceride concentrations and significantly lower serum lipase activity in the AF vs. AG group (P<0.05). The metabolome revealed that crucial differential metabolites (DFMs) participating in lipid metabolism, oleic acid and palmitic acid, were down-regulated in the rumen of the AG group. In the liver, oleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and stearic acid were down-regulated in the AG group, while linoleic acid was up-regulated. Meanwhile, rumen hydroxypropanoate and liver succinic acid, enriched in propionate metabolism processes, were down-regulated in grazing lambs. Subsequently, liver transcriptome sequencing revealed that grazing inhibited fatty acid oxidation and lipid synthesis by down-regulating Malic enzyme 1 (ME1), fatty acid-binding protein 1 (FABP1), hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase alpha subunit (HADHA), Perilipin-2 (PLIN2), and acetyl CoA acyltransferase 2 (ACAA2). The significant correlation between CYP4A6 and propionate metabolites suggested a potential regulatory role of propionate metabolism in liver lipid metabolism. Moreover, oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid in muscle, rumen, and liver were closely correlated, revealing an essential contribution of rumen and liver lipid metabolism to muscle fatty acid deposition. Through the multi-omics assessment of the rumen and liver, this study systematically revealed the lipid metabolism mechanisms in lambs under different feeding patterns, which are influenced by comprehensive factors such as diet and environment. These findings contribute to the goals of high quality grazing lamb production and efficient grassland productivity.

Keywords:

feeding pattern artificial pasture lamb lipid metabolism liver rumen

Received: 06 November 2024 Accepted: 29 April 2025 Online: 16 May 2025

Fund: This work was supported by the China Agricultural Research System (CARS-38) and the Research and Demonstration on Key Technologies of Efficient Utilization of Modern Artificial Grassland, China (2017BY082).

About author: Zhen Li, E-mail: lizhen6394@126.com; # Correspondence Hailing Luo, Tel: +86-10-62734597, E-mail: luohailing@cau.edu.cn

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Zhen Li, Sijia Peng, Xingang Zhao, Yuejun Wang, Yingjun Zhang, Hailing Luo. 2026. Comparison of rumen and liver lipid metabolism in grazing vs. indoor-feeding lambs: Insights into optimizing muscle fatty acid composition. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 25(10): 4303-4317.

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