Scientia Agricultura Sinica

study the distribution and composition

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2163-2169 .

Abstract ( 1351 )

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【Objective】To explore composition features of Tibetan cultivated barley varieties and to shed light on distribution rules in different regions. 【Method】This research is summarized based on Prof. Ma De-quan’s barley classification system and authors’ on-the-pot investigation. 【Result】There are total of 601 cultivated barley varieties, which includes 13 varieties of two-rowed husky barley, 23 varieties of two-rowed naked ones, 7 of four-rowed naked ones, 57 of six-rowed husked ones and 501 of six-rowed naked ones. They express agronomic traits of both six-rowed and naked barley grain. In areas with closer elevation, the cultivated barley variety distribution exhibits evident difference in different sub-regions and concentrates in southeast, northeast and central sub-region of Tibet but scatters in other areas. With elevation rising gradually, the distribution changes in a particular pattern: barley varieties distribute sparsely in the area lower than 2 500 m, distribute in a concentrated way in the regions of 3 000-4 000 m elevation, distribute gradually less when elevation reaches higher than 4 000 m. The analysis of 9 sub-regions’ cultivated barley variety similarity shows that varieties similarity between Zayu-Motuo sub-region and southeast one is much more different from that of the east-west direction one. 【Conclusion】The cultivated barley varieties composition and geographic distribution rules have proved the line of Boshula Mountains-Nanjiabawa Peak-Puoxiong la-Mala a correct boundary as winter barley and spring-winter barley regions.

Molecular Verification of DNA Flow from Wild Rice (O. minuta) to Cultivated Rice

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2170-2177 .

Abstract ( 1354 )

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【Objective】A new cytoplamic male sterility line Yewei A and its maintainer line Yewei B, were developed from a maintainer line variant V20B with DNA transformed from wild rice(Oryza. Minuta J.S. Presl. ex C. B. Presl.). Experiment was carried out to verify if specific DNA fragment from O. minuta was integrated into genomes of the two species (YeweiB and YeweiA), and to verify if integrated fragment can inherit stably in high generation of YeweiB/YeweiA, 【Method】 Analysis of RAPD, DNA sequencing of specific RAPD bands and AFLP in receptor, variant and donor confirmed the integration and its stable inheritance. 【Result】Results of RAPD analysis of donor, receptor and variant gave that specific bands showed in variant and donor but not in receptor. DNA sequencing of the bands detected in RAPD suggested that primer OPG-11 could be used to amplify a 975 bp product in both variant and donor. A 97% similarity of the products was observed except a 29bp long difference. Mutated base pairs between the two DNA fragments included transition, transversion, insertion and deletion. At the same time, more polymorphisms was displayed in AFLP analysis between variants Yewei B and its receptor V20B with specific DNA fragments from O. minuta integrated. 【Conclusion】The above results confirmed that genomic DNA transformation from distant rice relatives was an effective approach to create new germplasm.

Dissection of Heritability and Genetic Variance Components for Yield Traits in Tropical & Temperate Maize Populations

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2178-2185 .

Abstract ( 1439 )

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【Objective】The objectives of this study were: 1) to assess the breeding potential of maize populations including 2 of tropical origin and 7 of temperate origin; 2) to find a new heterotic pattern among the 9 populations. 【Method】 A 9-parent diallel was formed by Griffing IV and 36 crosses were obtained. The populations per se and crosses were evaluated in two different environments (Anyang of Henan Province and Shiyan of Hubei Province) during 2002-2003. Data for ear length (EL), number of rows per ear (RPE), number kernels per row (KPR), a hundred- kernels weight (HKW), ratio of kernels weight to the ear weight (RKW) and plot-kernels weight (PKW) were analyzed using a mixed (AD) model and MINQUE(1) methods; The heritability and genetic variance components for EL, RPE, KPR, HKW, RKW and PKW were estimated. The additive genetic effects for the populations and dominance genetic effects for the crosses were calculated. 【Result】The parameters for almost all the traits concerned across the environments showed significant (P≤0.05) or highly significant (P≤0.01). Considering PKW that the ratio of genetic variance components to total variances are ranked as dominance > dominance  environment > additive  environment > additive; The estimated of narrow sense heritability are sequenced as RPE > KPR > EL> RKW > HKW > PKW. Concerning the additive and dominance effects for PKW that the top 4 populations are 1 (Suwan1), 6 (Stay green c4), 5 (WBM C4) and 9 (Zhongzong4), while the best 4 crosses are graded as 3×6 (BSSS C9×Stay green C4) >1×3(Suwan1×BSSS C9) >1×2(Suwan1 ×BS16) > 6×7(Stay green C4×Liaolü population). 【Conclusion】This study provided helpful information for utilizing exotic germplasm in temperate breeding program, Suwan1 and Stay green c4 are very promising exotic germplasm, which with BSSS C9 must be performing a powerful heterotic pattern. Furthermore, it is useful in practical breeding to make a combination between Suwan1 and Stay green c4, which performs a new heterotic pattern with BSSS C9 between tropical and temperate maize germplasm. Reciprocal recurrent selection (RRS) scheme should be used in the future.

Detection of QTLs for heading in wheat using different populations

宋彦霞 YanXia Song,,,,

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2186-2193 .

Abstract ( 1546 )

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Studies on the Genetic Diversity and Relationship of Tobacco Germplasms by AFLP Analysis

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2194-2199 .

Abstract ( 1282 )

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Abstract: AFLP molecular marker was used to detect the genetic diversity and relationship among 48 tobacco germplasms. they are amllified by 4 AFLP selective primers(EcoR Ⅰ+3/MseⅠ+3), altogether 321 AFLP bands are obtained, among them 174 are polymorphic bands, the percentage of polymorphic bands is 54.2%．UPGMA cluster analysis based on AFLP molecular markers data divide 48 varieties into two groups: N.tobacum L group and N.rustica L.group. N.tobacum L. group can be classified into four sub groups,the genetic distance of 48 cultivars is between 1.41～11.0, this cluster result basically accord with theoretic expectation case. The results show that the AFLP approach is highly efficient in generating accurate information on genetic backgroud, relationship and evolution of tobacco germplasms.

The research of tissue culture and regenerated of the different explants of sunflower

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2208-2213 .

Abstract ( 1445 )

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The effect of media components on the induction of shoot regeneration for different types of explants in three genotypes of sunflower was investigated. The result showed that it was easy to form the callus for different genotypes explants cultured on media containing suitable 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA)) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) concentrations, but it was difficult of shoot regeneration from callus. The frequency of shoot regeneration from different types of explants for all the genotypes sunflower are in turn as followed: cotyledonary nodes > hypocotyls> cotyledons> leaves. Best shoot regeneration rates were obtained in the presence of 1.2mg•L-1 6-BA for cotyledonary nodes, 1.8mg•L-1 BA for hypocotyls and 0.6g•L-1 6-BA for cotyledonary. The shoot didn’t regenerate from leaves. The ability of inducing shoot regeneration for different genotype sunflower was very different and the regenerated frequency of PR29 was highest.

Studies on Optimum Moisture Content and Heat-stable Proteins of Rice Seeds Stored at Room Temperature

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2214-2219 .

Abstract ( 1158 )

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Japonica rice (Xingshi) and Indica rice(Guizao 2) seeds were used to investigate the germination rate，vigor index and heat-stable proteins after stored at room temperature for 8 years. Results showed that the optimum moisture contents of Indica rice seeds stored in Beijing were 5.5% and 6.0%, but for Japonica rice seeds they were 6.5% and 7.0%. The optimum moisture contents were 4.5% for Indica rice seeds and 5.5%and6.0% for Japonica rice seeds stored in Nanchang. .It indicated that the level of the optimum moisture content of Japonica rice seeds was higher than Indica rice seeds stored at room temperature in the same area. But the level of the optimum moisture content will decrease with the increase of average temperature and above zero accumulate temperature in the storage. The result of SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed that 39.4kD heat-stable protein appeared only in seeds of Indica rice that was tolerant of ultra-drying, but did not appear in seeds of Japonica rice that was untolerant of ultra-drying . The heat-stable protein disappeared when the germination percentage of Indica rice seeds was zero. The SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of 41.6kD heat-stable protein was also different between the two cultivars. The spectrum disappeared when the germination percentage of Japonica rice seeds was zero. These results suggested that the two kinds of heat-stable proteins might be related to dehydration tolerance and vigor lost of seeds.

Effects of Cold Resistant Seed-Coating Agents on the Ability of Cold Resistance of Rice Seedlings

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2220-2227 .

Abstract ( 1447 )

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Abstract: Physiological and biochemical effects of 4 cold resistant seed-coating agents(HET、YKJ、YKZYJ and ABA seed coating agent )on two early rice varieties were studied under chilling stress．The result showed that，under chilling stress，cold resistant seed coating agents maintained a rather high level of root vigour, POD, CAT and SOD activities and chlorophyll content, retarded the decline of soluble protein, reduced MDA content and electrolyte leakage, accumulated a great deal of soluble sugar and free proline, and decreased plant damage rate by a big margin, indicating that the cold resistant seed coating agents improved the ability of rice seedlings in resisting to chilling stress. Efficiency of cold resistance of YKZYJ was the best among the four cold resistant seed-coating agents tested. Key words： Rice; Cold resistant seed-coating agent; Chilling stress; Physiology and biochemistry, Mechanism of cold resistance

Effect of the Composite Root Population in Symbiotic period of Wheat-Cotton Double Cropping System on Cotton Root Growth

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2228-2236 .

Abstract ( 1229 )

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Relationship of Rho GTPase in Magnaporthe griesea Revealed by Gene Expression Analysis

Wu Zheng,JiSheng Chen,ShiQin Zheng,WenDe Liu,Xiao Chen,Jie Zhou,GuoDong Lu,

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2237-2242 .

Abstract ( 1169 )

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The Rho GTPases are major members of the Ras superfamily proteins. It is well known that there are several Rho GTPase interacting each other and regulating many signal transduction pathways in eukaryotes. To study the relationship of 7 putative Rho-GPTases in the Magnaporthe grisea genonme, RT-PCR was used to analyze the Rho GTPase gene expression patterns in different MgCdc42 and MgRho3 mutants. It was found that MgCdc42 positively controlled the expressions of MgRho1, MgRho2 and MgRhoX; negatively regulated MgRac1 and MgRho4; however MgRho3 positively regulated the expressions of MgRho1 and MgRho2, but negatively controlled MgRho4 and MgRac1. And the relationship between MgRho3 and MgCdc42 was complicated. The result will facilitate to understand the functional relationship of different GTPases in M.grisea and other filamentous fungi.

Inheritance of Durable Resistance of Wheat Cultivars Holdfast and Flinor to Puccinia Striiformis

ShuMei Tong,,,

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2243-2243 .

Abstract ( 1159 )

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Molecular Markers Linked to High Temperature Resistance QTLs in Cucumber

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2250-2254 .

Abstract ( 1149 )

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【OBJECTIVE】High temperature resistance trait is very important in cucumber production in summer. In order to higher the efficiency of breeding high temperature resistance cucumber lines, molecular markers associated to this trait was analyzed in this research;【METHOD】Two inbred lines, 863-7 (heat-tolerant) and 863-6 (heat-susceptible), were used to construct F2 population. Bulked segregant analysis and selective genotyping were used to screen the candidate SSR and SRAP markers. The screened markers were analyzed in the F2 population;【RESULTS】Sixteen candidate markers, which possibly associated to the high temperature resistance, were gotten. After analyzed with F2 population, 10 markers including 1 SSR marker and 9 SRAP markers were found to be associated with high temperature resistance QTL, each accounted for 6%~17% of phenotypic variation. Mapmaker analysis revealed that these markers represented 3 QTLs accounting for 32.3% of total phenotypic variation;【CONCLUSION】Molecular markers linked to high temperature resistance QTL were selected in this research. It will lay a foundation for high temperature resistance line breeding in cucumber.

The Variation of Endogenous Hormones in Chinese Jujube

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2255-2255 .

Abstract ( 1602 )

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Jujube witches' broom (JWB), caused by phytoplasma, is the most serious and destructive disease of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). In order to reveal the influence of phytoplasma on the endogenous hormone of Chinese jujube, the contents and variations of Zeatin, IAA, GA3 and ABA in healthy tree, diseased tree and the diseased jujube cured with oxytetracycline were measured around the whole year by HPLC. The result showed that in root, there were no difference in the contents of IAA, GA3 and ABA among healthy, diseased and cured jujube, but obvious difference in the content of Zeatin between diseased (high) and healthy jujube in July and August. In leaves, there were also no difference in the contents of IAA, GA3 and ABA among healthy, cured and diseased jujube, but the content of Zeatin of diseased jujube increased continuously and was higher obviously than that of healthy one in later stage. Comparison among jujube with different diseased extent showed that the heavier the diseased extent, the higher the Zeatin/IAA (C/A). All those results indicate that the infection of phytoplasma could cause the unbalance of the endogenous hormone and resulted in the witches’ broom symptom at last.

A 3D model simulating development and growth of wheat root system and its evaluation

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2261-2269 .

Abstract ( 1351 )

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A development and growth model of 3-D wheat root system was developed based on the principle of GREENLAB model. Greenhouse experiments were carried out to measure the structure and biomass of wheat root for calibrating and evaluating the model. The simulated results showed that the model can be used to describe the structure dynamics of root system of wheat in homogenous soil. The comparison between simulated and measured accumulated root length showed that the value of RMSE ranged from 1.2 cm to 35.0 cm, the value of RE from 0.01 to 0.23, and the value of R2 from 0.42 to 0.94. Most of the simulated values fell within the variance of the measured ones. The sensitivity analysis showed that the change of parameters resulted in modest changes of simulated results. This model can provide a theoretical guide for precision irrigation and fertilization under further validation

Study on the Spatial Pattern of Rainfall Erosivity Based on Geostatistics of Hebei Province

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2270-2277 .

Abstract ( 1179 )

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Rainfall erosivity is an essential parameter in the model for predicting soil erosion and also the base to make soil erosion quantification. The simple model of estimating rainfall erosivity was established based on the weather station data of Heber Province. And the annual average rainfall erosivity were calculated with this model. The object of this paper is to evaluate various spatial interpolation methods, including ordinary Kriging (OK), simple Kriging (SK), lognormal Kriging (LNK), universal Kriging (UK), disjunctive Kriging (DK) and inverse distiance weighting interpolation (IDW) for estimating rainfall erosivity with lognormal distribution, the second-order polynomial trend, and to determine the optimal interpolation method. The predicted errors, statistical feature values and prediction maps obtained by different interpolation methods were compared. The result indicated that second-order OK method performed better than both zero and first-order OK methods. Within the method of second-order trend DK with Gaussian semi-variogram model performed better than other interpolation methods with the spherical or exponential models. So the data set of rainfall erosivity of Hebei Province was built with the high spatial resolution of 250 m × 250 m. And the spatial distribution pattern was analyzed and discussed.

The Research on the Comparison between the Grain Potential Productivity and the Grain Yield of Cultivated Lands in Recent Years

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2278-2285 .

Abstract ( 1427 )

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The regional test yield of certain certificated grain varieties is a reachable yield in current natural and technical condition. The cropping system was determined for every agro-ecological region, through which the potential climatic productivity could be sufficiently developed. Based on the regional test yield of the certificated grain varieties and the cropping system, the grain potential productivity of per area was calculated. The total grain productivity of every county, province and the Main Land of China was obtained by multiplying the potential grain productivity of per area and the cultivated land area in 2004. By comparing it with the real yield, the capacity of increasing production and its difference between every province was acquired. The results show that the total grain potential productivity of the Main Land of China is 0.92 billion ton in 2004, and that there is large gap between the potential grain productivity and the real yield, averaging 0.45 billion ton in recent three years, and high assurance for grain security at present. From the results of every province, the average potential grain productivity of per unit area takes on a descendent decline from the provinces in the southeast to those in the northwest of China, apart from Sinkiang, while that of Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Tibet, stretching from northeast to southwest of China, is lower than that of the others. The capacity of increasing production per area captured the same trend as the average grain potential productivity per area, which indicates that the more potential grain productivity, the more capacity of increasing production for a province. The provinces lies in the north and southwest of China witnesses much room for increasing production because of their large exploitation coefficient. As such, in order to ensure the food security, the food production in the east and middle of China, where basic agricultural bases are relative better, should be more emphasized. In addition, basic agricultural infrastructure construction, land consolidation and the improvement of medium or low-yield cultivated lands should also be advocated in the north and southwest of China to explore the grain potential productivity.

Effects of the Site-Specific Nitrogen Management on Dry Matter Accumulation of Rice in Cold Area of Northeastern China

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2286- .

Abstract ( 1377 )

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Experiments of two fertilization methods, site-specific nitrogen management (SSNM) and farmer’s fertilization practice (FFP), were conducted to solve the problem of excessive N application on rice in cold area, and to study their effects on dry matter accumulation of rice, the chlorophyll meter values (SPAD values) in leaves, tiller number as well as yield. Experiment results showed that compared with FFP, SSNM significantly decreased the average N rate by 33.8%, increased dry matter weight after heading period by 4.3%~29.1%, and increased filled grain rate and 1000-grain weight by 0.1~12.5 percent point and 0.3~1.8g correspondingly, as well as increased average yield by 4.3% and 14.7%(P < 0.05) in 2004 and 2005 respectively. There were significantly positive correlations(P<0.01) between dry matter weight after heading period and yield, and accumulation rate of dry matter makes rice yield increase. The result suggested that SSNM is an outstanding achievement in N application in cold area of Northeastern China, and is a valid agriculture approach.

Why is it difficult for nitrate to be reduced in the petiole of spinach?

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2294- .

Abstract ( 1353 )

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Nitrate accumulation in vegetables has proposed detrimental impact on human heath, and understanding how nitrate can accumulate in plant is the key to solve the problem. Pot experiment was carried out, using three spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) cultivars obviously different in nitrate concentration as test plants and at two N rates of 0.1 and 0.3 g N kg-1 on the basal application of 0.3 kg P2O5 kg-1 soil, to study the nitrate accumulation, distribution and allocation, and its reduction in the vegetable petioles. The petiole nitrate concentration, in vivo and the in vitro nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in the tissue of petiole, the nitrate metabolic pool size (NMPS) and storage pool size (NSPS) of the petiole cell, and the formation rate of nitrite by petiole tissue when addition of blade nitrate reductase were determined. The obtained results showed that the nitrate concentration of the petiole had no direct relationship with its NRA over different cultivars, but was negatively correlated with the ratio of in vivo to in vitro NRA. The NMPS of the petiole cell showed no certain relation with the nitrate concentration, but the NSPS was positively correlated with the nitrate concentration in petiole of different cultivars. When the nitrate reductase extracted from leaf blades was added to the culture solution of petiole tissue, the formation rate of nitrite by petiole tissue was all increased for the three spinach cultivars, and the formation rate was obviously higher for the cultivars with relatively lower petiole nitrate concentration. This indicated that the expressing degrees of the potential NRA in the petiole tissue, the NSPS of the petiole cell, and the capacity for the cell transporting nitrate from its storage pool (the vacuole) to metabolic pool (the plasma) was the main reason why it is difficult for nitrate to be reduced in petiole and nitrate concentrations in the petiole were different over spinach cultivars.

Combining Ability Analyses of Net Photosynthesis Rate in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Xuexiao Zou

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2300- .

Abstract ( 1324 )

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Combining ability analysis of net photosynthesis rate at different Phase of flowering and fruit setting in pepper was made with 15 cross combinations from 6 parents by (1/2)n(n-1) diallel crosses. Results showed that there are relatively large differences in general combining ability (GCA) effect among different parents and at different phase of flowering and fruit setting and also relatively large differences in special combining ability (SCA) effect among different hybrids. There are relatively large GCA effects in late parents but relatively less GCA effects in early parents. No obvious laws are found in the relationship between SCA effects and mature of hybrids. Variances of SCA are larger than variances of GCA. Heritability is less but affection of environment is larger. Correlation analysis of combining ability between net photosynthesis rate and agronomic character or resistances to main diseases showed that correlation coefficients of GCA are relatively large at medium phase and late phase of flowering and fruit setting. Net photosynthesis rate is more relative to leaf characters and fruit characters. Correlation coefficients of SCA are relatively large at early phase and late phase of flowering and fruit setting. Net photosynthesis rate is more relative to leaf characters and plant characters at early phase but plant characters ant fruit characters at late phase. Correlation coefficients of SCA between net photosynthesis rate and resistances to main diseases are larger than correlation coefficients of GCA.

Relationship of starch synthesis with it's related key enzymes' activities during rhizome development of nelumbo nucifera Gaertn

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2307-2307 .

Abstract ( 1122 )

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With 4 lotus cultivars as materials, the changes in activities of adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase (ADPGPase), starch synthase (SSase) and starch branching enzyme (Q-enzyme) in rhizome during it development and their relationship with starch synthesis were studied. The results showed that peaks of fructose, glucose and total soluble sugar, sucrose content reached at beginning, middle, end stage of rhizome development, respectively. Total starch, amylose and amylopectin content in rhizome increased quickly after middle stage, total starch content reached 11.2% to 12.7% in fresh rhizome at end stage, and 70% of total starch was amylopectin. ADPGPase and SSase activities at the same development stage in different cultivar’s rhizome were obviously different, but Q-enzyme activity had little difference. During rhizome development SSase activity peak appeared earlier than ADPGPase and Q-enzyme at early stage, while ADPGPase and Q-enzyme activity peaks appeared at middle stage. ADPGPase activity at middle stage and SSase activity at early stage were very significantly and significantly correlated with total starch content at end stage in rhizome, co-efficient were 0.9830 and 0.8458,respectively; Q-enzyme activity was significantly correlated with amylopectin content at end stage, with co-efficient 0.7690.

A microclimate model-based energy consumption prediction system for greenhouse heating

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2313- .

Abstract ( 1106 )

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An energy consumption prediction system for greenhouse heating was developed based on a greenhouse microclimate simulation model. This system can simulate greenhouse microclimate and predict the energy consumption of greenhouse heating using the climate data outside of the greenhouse and crop information. Experimental data of crop transpiration and greenhouse microclimate were used to determine the crop parameters in the greenhouse microclimate simulation model, and actual data of heating energy consumption of two Venlo-type greenhouses in Shanghai for three winters (from October to next April of year 2001, 2002 and 2003) were used to test the system. The results show that the predicted results agree well with the actual greenhouse energy consumption. Based on the results obtained in this study, it is concluded that this system can give satisfactory predictions of greenhouse energy consumption in subtropical China.

Study on quality character of leaf for different types of aroma in Guizhou

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2319- .

Abstract ( 1023 )

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Study on quality character of leaf for different types of aroma was conducted by using the methods of principal factors’ analysis and regression analysis, with 16 leaf chemical components, 4 quality indicators and 6 indicators of smoking quality of 366 leaf samples for leaf of 4 types of aroma in Guizhou province. The results showed that the difference with 4 types of aroma were remarkable among contents of chemical components, quality indicators and smoking quality of leaf. Their first principal factors of leaf chemical components were similar, revealing that leaf quality was mainly influenced by the carbohydrates and nitrogen-containing compounds. Their factors from second to seventh principal ones were very different, revealing that the near relationship between different types of leaf aroma and its chemical components. The smoking quality of leaf of 4 types of aroma showed obvious correlation with different chemical components, revealing that the smoking quality of leaf of different types of aroma was provided with different main relative factors under the mutual influence of ecological condition and culture techniques.

Isolation and Purification of the Antimicrobial Substance Produced by Bacillus subtilis fmbR

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2327- .

Abstract ( 983 )

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Isolation and purification of lipopeptides from Bacillus subtilis fmbR was studied in this paper. With HPLC methods, it was determined that the antimicrobial substance was composed of many components, and one of tham had the similar retaining time to surfactin. In addition, the antimicrobial substance was proved to include the closed circle peptide band by TLC, and one of them had the similar moving rate to surfactin. Furthermore, ESI-MS analysis showed that the antimicrobial substance contained three homologues of surfactin, such as m/z1009.1,m/z1023.2 and m/z1037.0. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis indecated it also contained the [M+H]+ ion peak at m/z 3403.95, which is very similar to molecular mass of subtilosin produced by Bacillus subtilis168.

Immuno-Suppression of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Infection on Antibody Reactions to Inactivated NDV and AIV Vaccines in Broilers

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2335- .

Abstract ( 1658 )

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Avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) infection was reported to be very common in chicken flocks in China, but its economic impact on the poultry industry was not clear. The results in this study indicated that REV infection could severely inhibit immune reactions to inactivated vaccines against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and avian influenza virus (AIV, H9 and H5) in 1-day-old broilers without maternal antibodies specific to REV. Four weeks after vaccination at 1 week of age, the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers to NDV, AIV-H9 and AIV-H5 in REV-infected and control birds were: 1.58±1.69 vs 4.40±2.17(p<0.01), 0.71±1.60 vs 6.20±3.55(p<0.01)和0.54±1.44 vs 7.10±2.77(p<0.01). In birds with maternal antibodies, REV infection only slightly decreased antibody reactions to AIV-H9 and AIV-H5. Four weeks after vaccination, the HI titers to H9 and H5 in REV-inoculated and control broilers were 6.27±3.87 Vs 6.62±1.85(p>0.05)和6.72±3.9 Vs 7.00±2.51(p>0.05)) respectively。But inhibitory effect of REV infection on antibody reactions to NDV vaccine was still demonstrated. However, maternal antibody did very effectively protected birds from REV infection and its immunosuppressive effect. Four weeks after vaccination, the HI titers to NDV、AIV-H9和AIV-H5 in maternal antibody positive groups and control groups were 3.36±2.04 vs 1.58±1.69(p<0.01)，6.27±3.87 vs 0.71±1.60(p<0.01)和6.72±3.92 vs 0.54±1.44(p<0.01)。 This study demonstrated that early REV infection could interfere immune responses seriously to NDV and AIV vaccines, especially to AIV vaccine. The study also demonstrated that maternal antibodies from breeders was able to prevent or decrease the immunosuppression induced by REV infection in broilers.

Construction of Transferring Vector of Marek’s Disease Virus Serotype 1 (MDV1)Containing F Factor of Eschericha coli and its Primary Application

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2341- .

Abstract ( 1165 )

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[AIM] To construct the bacterial artificial chomosome containing the MDV1 genome, and further product fast and efficiently the recombinant virus of MDV1 by using BAC vector.[MAIN METHORD] Using the DNA recombinant techniques, the transferred vector containing E.coli F factor was constructed. The linearized vector was transfected into CEF which was infected by CVI988 virus. After three-cycle selection by MX-HAT, the infected CEF was stained with X-gal. [MAIN RESULT] The sequence analysis shows that the LoxP site synthesized in vitro was right,and the sequences of the homologous recombinant left arm and right arm are right. The two arms were ligated with the reversed oritation.The positive plasmid ,in which two LoxP sites had the same orientation, was identified by SphⅠand NheⅠ,named pUS-BGS. This linearized vector by NheⅠ was transfected into CEF which was infected by CVI988 virus. After three-cycle selection by MX-HAT, the infected CEF was stained with X-gal，blue plagues were appeared. [MAIN CONCLUSION] This research first reports that the transferred vector containing the E.coli F factor and two LoxP sites which had the same orientation, was constructed. The result shows that this vector is efficient for the selection of recombinant MDV1. So this gives the basis for construction of the bacterial artificial chromosome of MDV1.

Construction and Sequence Analyzing of Two Salivary Gland cDNA SSH Libraries of Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides haemaphysaloides

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2347- .

Abstract ( 1094 )

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To screen and analyze the differentially expressed genes from salivary gland of Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides haemaphysaloides, two salivary gland subtracted cDNA libraries of female half-feeding blood and male feeding blood ticks were constructed in the clone vector of pGEM-T-easy by the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method, respectively. 247 female ESTs and 168 male ESTs were obtained from the two SSH cDNA libraries. There were 25 ESTs including 5’ end and 44 ESTs including 3’ end in the female ESTs and 53 ESTs including 5’ end and 74 ESTs including 3’ end in the male ESTs, respectively. To identify the subtraction efficiency of the two SSH cDNA libraries, RT-PCR method was used to test 24 female ESTs and 21 male ESTs selected randomly and not repeatedly. The results showed that there were 13 upregulated or new expressed genes in half-feeding blood salivary gland of the female Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides and it revealed that the subtraction efficiency was 54%, and there were 9 upregulated or new expressed genes in feeding blood salivary gland of the male Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides and it revealed that the subtraction efficiency was 43%, respectively. Putative translations of 141(57%) female ESTs and 125(74%) male ESTs had similarity to GenBank sequences, and 32 (23%)female ESTs and 29 (23%) male ESTs exhibited similarity to tick proteins. In general, most of the proteins of the libraries were mainly related to the feeding blood physiology of the ticks including anticoagulation, immunity regulation, energy metabolism and transcription.

cDNA cloning, Genomic structure and expression of Arginine kinase gene from Bombyx mori (L).

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2354- .

Abstract ( 1289 )

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Arginine kinase is the major guanidino kinase found in invertebrates and plays a key role in the energy-releasing mechanism. According to the sequence of silkworm EST generated by the large-scale cDNA sequencing, the full-length cDNA of arginine kinase was isolated from the silkworm by 5′RACE ,named as BmAK (GeneBank accession number: DQ272299). BmAK cDNA has 1268 bp and contains an open reading frame encoding a 355 amino acid protein. The profile analysis using Prosite suggests that the active sequence is lies in between 270 to 276: CPTNLGT and the active site is Cys270. BmAK contains a pair of highly conserved amino acids (D61 and R192) that form an ion pair which is essential for the expression of synergism in substrate binding by AKs. The BmAK gene and its 5′-upstream sequence were cloned and sequenced. The BmAK gene contains only 2 exons and 1 intron. The BmAK promoter contains no TATA box, but potential binding sites for the transcription factors were detected in both forward and reverse orientation : HSF、BRCZ、E74A、HB、FTZ、DFD、ZESTE、DL、STAT、PRD-HD. The expression pattern of BmAK in silkworm tissues was analyzed by Northern blotting, the transcript was detected in all tissues examined including midgut, fat body, skin, silkgland and abdominal legs .It appeared that the expression of the transcript was the highest in abdominal legs and was relatively lower in midgut, skin and silkgland . The expression amount of BmAK in different stages was different and the analysis on the transcription factor binding sites in the BmAK 5′flanking region and the expression pattern of BmAK shows that the developmental expression of BmAK gene is possible under the influence of ecdysone.

Upland Rice Transformation with the Soybean Ferritin Gene and Analysis of Iron Content

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2362- .

Abstract ( 1177 )

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To improve the iron content of rice, we have transferred the entire coding sequence of the soybean ferritin gene into two elite upland rice cultivars (Handao297 and Handao277) by using Biolistic transformation and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The rice seed-storage protein glutelin promoter, GluB-1, was used to drive expression of the soybean ferritin gene specifically in developing, self-pollinated seed of transgenic plants. It was confirmed that extraneous gene was integrated into rice genome by PCR and Southern blot analysis, expressed specifically in seeds by reverse transcription PCR analysis and inherited stably by PCR analysis of T1-T3 transgenic plants. Iron levels in the mature T0-T2 seeds varied from 19.0 to 62.8 礸/g dry weight and iron content of mature seeds of T0-T2 generations from most of transgenic plants was greater than 2 times of their untransformed counterparts.

Hypolipidemic and Antioxidative Effects of Black Rice Pericarp Extract Accompanied by its Components Analysis

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2368- .

Abstract ( 1308 )

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To investigate the effect of black rice pericarp extracts on oxidative stress and the serum lipid profile and the effective components for this effect. 【METHOD】Male adult SD rats (60) were used in the present study. They were divided into five groups, which were normal control group, hyperlipidemia model group and 3 experimental groups which were given different doses of black rice pericarp extracts (5％、10%、20% in water,w/v, 1mL/100 body weight). After 8 weeks, the serum lipid profile, the total the activity of antioxidative enzyme and the content of malondialdehyde in serum and liver were determined in different groups of rats. 【RESULTS】Feeding black rice pericarp extracts to rats significantly reduced the levels of serum lipids and the titer of the antibody to oxidized low density lipoprotein (P<0.05). Serum and liver malondialdehyde content decreased in rats delivered black rice pericarp extracts, however, total antioxidation capacity and the activity of antioxidative enzyme increased. Analyzing the components revealed that there were 43.43% of anthocyanin and 15.7% of nonsaturated fatty acids, most of which were oleic acid and linoleic acid. 【CONCLUSION】Black rice pericarp extracts showed antioxidative and hypolipidemic effects, which might resulted from the anthocyanins and unsaturated fatty acid containing in extracts.

Monitoring of Sorghum(Sorghum Vulgare)Seed Viability After Long-term Storage in the National Crop Genebank of China

XiaoLing Chen

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2374-2374 .

Abstract ( 1268 )

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After 10 years storage in the National Crop Genebank of China (NCGC), more than 90% of 3300 monitored accessions of sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) seeds maintained above 85% germination percentage, the lowest initial viability standard for sorghum seeds when put into a low-temperature genebank. The number of varieties having low germination percentages increased while the number of varieties having high germination percentages decreased as a whole. The germination percentage of 33 accessions, account for 1.00% of the total, declined significantly from above 85% to below 75%. The decline of seed viability between different suppliers and different years was significant.

Effect of C.A. Storage on Physiological and Biochemical Change of Dong Jujube

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2379-2379 .

Abstract ( 1241 )

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Abstract: Jing hai Dong jujube was studied by the mothed of C.A. storage 2％～3％O2，0％～0.5％CO2； 5％～6％O2，0％～0.5％CO2； 8％～9％O2，0％～0.5％CO2；under the term of －1.5±0.5℃ and RH 95％.Use the －1.5±0.5℃ and RH 95％ as the control.The results showed that the best C.A. storage condation is 5％～6％O2, 0％～0.5％CO2,－1.5±0.5℃ and RH 95％ during the period of 90 days, could keep vitamin C, reduce alcohol and acetaldehyde accumulation in the Dong jujube.

Analysis on Related Serum Enzyme of SW-BSA Immune Goats

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2384- .

Abstract ( 1293 )

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Abstract：24 goats were separated into immune control, immune and poisoning, poisoning groups randomly. Goats in immune control, immune and poisoning groups were vaccinated with SW-BSA. Goats in immune and poisoning, poisoning groups were fed with 10 g/kg BW/d power of O. kansuensis Bunge at each day. The changes of serum GOT, GPT, LDH, AKP, BUN and AMA were detected. The results showed that the increasing activity of LDH and GOT had been delayed 28 d, the increasing activity of AKP and BUN had been delayed 14 d, the decreasing activity of AMA had been delayed 21 d in immune and poisoning goats compared with poisoning goats. These results indicated that in 30 days, SW-BSA had prevented liver, kidney and heart of goats from injuring by SW effectively.

The polymorphism of silkworm, Bombyx mori (L.) amylase gene

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2390- .

Abstract ( 1056 )

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We designed a pair of sequence specific primers from the silkworm, Bombyx mori αamylase gene that have been published on Genbank (accession number: U07847). After amplification in six silkworm strains and one Chinese mandarina strain, polymorphism about the length of products has been detected. Furthermore，the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of the seven strains was investigated using the Clustalx software basing on the gene sequences information.

Cultivation Technique of the“SSR-RNT and SIR-MT” of Cotton

【中】毛树春【英】Shuchun Mao,,,,,,

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2395- .

Abstract ( 1712 )

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SSR-RNT is shorted from seedling soilless-raising and root-naked transplanting of cotton (Gossypium). ISR-MT is shorted from intensive seedling raising and mechanized transplanting of cotton.The characteristic of this cultivation techniques of cotton and the basic composition of product and techniques patent are elaborated. The effect of this technique and the application prospect in the production of cotton and other crops are discussed.

Plant Regeneration from Hypocotyl Explants of Persimmon(Diospyros.oleifera Cheng)

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Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2006, 39(11): 2396-2396 .

Abstract ( 1261 )

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Shoot regeneration and rooting from hypocotyl explants of Diospyros.oleifera Cheng were studied. The result showed that modified Murashige and Skoog(MS)[MS(1/2N)] containing 0.1 mg•L-1 indole acetic acid and 2.0 mg•L-1 zeatin was the most optimum for shoot regeneration and the shoot percentage and average shoots number per explant were 81.67% and 5.32±2.05 respectively. As for regenerated shoots rooting, the modified Murashige and Skoog containing 0.5 mg•L-1 both indole acetic acid and indole-3-butyric acid was most effective, in which rooting percentage, average roots number and length per shoot reached up to 100%, 3.17 and 2.43 centimeter respectively. There were many ateral roots at the cut ends and the plantlets growed rapidly and vigorously. After rooting, the regenerated plants were transplant in pots where 96% plants survived after one month.

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