Scientia Agricultura Sinica

Theories and Practices of Breeding Japonica

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 869-874 .

Abstract ( 1359 )

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Advances and prospects in breeding japonica rice for super high yield were analyzed comprehensively in term of basic theory, breeding techniques and development of new varieties. The authors hold that a important way to increase yield potential of japonica rice in northern China is to develop and apply the super rice. New conventional varieties with super high yield, good quality and disease resistance have been developed and released since the theories and methods for breeding japonica super rice, that is to create new plant type and growth vigor through crossing between indica and japonica subspecies ,and these two advantages are then consolidated through optimizing the combination of desirable traits via multiple crossing or backcrossing, were established successfully . In contrast with conventional breeding for super rice, advances in breeding for hybrid japonica super rice is slower because of the limit of the northern climate and ecological conditions. The resolve of the contradiction between heterosis and growth period, grain yield and quality, problem of seed production are still important challenge for breeding hybrid japonica super rice. Physiological and genetic problems in relevant japonica super rice were also discussed in this paper.

Cloning and Expression Analysis of a Novel Abiotic Stress-induced Gene from Wheat

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 875-881 .

Abstract ( 1471 )

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Abstract: Water stress and cold is important factors to restrict plant growth. However, there is little knowledge on the function of stress-responsive genes in plant. Therefore it is necessary to clone some important novel genes to study the mechanism of plant adaptation to water stress and to improve plant resistance against drought. A water stress-induced gene (designated as W89) was cloned from the cDNA library of drought-treated wheat seedings by phage hybridization in situ. The full-length cDNA of W89 consists of 1059 bp and contains a 696 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 232-amino-acid protein (fig.1). Southern blot analysis indicated that W89 was a single-copy gene (fig.3). RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of W89 was upregulated by abscisic acid (ABA), drought and cold (fig.4). The highest expression levels of W89 were induced by ABA and cold for more than 5 hrs, and by drought treatment for more than 2 hrs. Amino acid sequence analysis discovered that W89 had a conserved region of DUF248, which contained a methyltrasferase domain with a SAM-binding motif (fig.1). Phylogenetic analysis showed that W89 was 66% identical to Oryza sativa dehydration-responsive protein (BAD67956) (fig.2). It was supposed that W89 was a novel dehydration-responsive protein encoding gene. Based on the functions of methyltrasferase and SAM-binding motif, the SAM-binding motif of W89 was supposed to be connected with other proteins or transcription factors to transduct stress signals and finally regulate the expression of stress-responsive genes on the early time of drought stress.

Isolating Soil Drought-induced Genes from maize Seedlings leaves through Suppression Subtractive Hybridization

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 882-888 .

Abstract ( 1302 )

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A forward SSH library was constructed to investigate gene expression profiles, using seedling leaves of “CN165”, a drought-tolerant maize inbred line. In the SSH library, 672 positive clones were picked up randomly. After PCR of each clone, all the single clones were sequenced. Totally 598 available sequences were obtained. After cluster anslysis of the ESTs sequences, 80 uniESTs were obtained, among which 57 uniESTs were contigs and 23 uniESTs were singlets. The results of BLASTN showed that all the uniESTs had homologous sequences in the nr database. The BLASTX results indicated that 68 uniESTs had significant protein homology, eight uniESTs were unknown proteins and putative proteins, and four uniESTs had not protein homology. Many drought stress-induced genes involving many metabolism pathways were found by this approach.

Discovery, Identification and Genetic Analysis of a new Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Line in Maize

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 889-894 .

Abstract ( 1269 )

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The discovery and identification of new thermo-sensitive male genic sterile line is important to the seed production with “two line” system in maize. A new thermo-sensitive male genic sterile line Qiong-68ms was discovered, and its ecological mechanism, cytological characters as well as genetics were analyzed in this report. The results showed that the TGMS line Qiong68ms expressed complete sterility when the daily maximum temperature was more than 33℃ during spikelet phase of head differentiation, and exhibited fertility when the daily maximum temperature was lower than 30℃ during that phase. Its sterility was governed by a recessive genic gene.

Study on stability and regulation of grain yield and protein content in strong gluten wheat

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 895-901 .

Abstract ( 1430 )

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Seven varieties of strong gluten wheat were cultured in six provinces to study stability and regulation effects of N-fertilizer on grain yield and protein content. The results showed that within the range of 0~300Kg/hm2 N fertilizer level, the grain yield of different varieties increased with the amount of N-fertilizer added in different experimental farm. The yields of among the treatments fertilized were remarkable level, but the applied N 300 Kg/hm2 increased 1.6% than 225 Kg/hm2. The CV of yield of different treatment had a trend of decrease with the amount of N-fertilizer added in different experimental farm. It showed that N-fertilizer could lessen the deference of area. Some varieties ware more sensitive to N-fertilizer, its grain yield increased obviously with added N-fertilizer, others were better for stable yield. The CV of protein content had the same trend with grain yield. It indicated that applied nitrogen properly could decrease the deference of protein content in different experimental area. The more CV was small the more protein content was stable, the more CV was biggish the more cultivate plasticity was better. The protein content of All varieties was sensitive to N-fertilize in the experiment, under 150 Kg/hm2 fertilizer level, the protein content of some varieties couldn’t reach the national standard of strong gluten wheat, beyond the level of 225Kg/hm2, all of the varieties could reach it in the experiment. Consider of yield and quality, the N-fertilizer level of strong gluten wheat should be 225~300Kg/hm2in practice. The cultivation measure > genotype > entironment in the factors that influencethe grain protein content in the experiment.

Photosynthesis Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 902-908 .

Abstract ( 1292 )

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Using 27 cultivars as materials, the photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter production and distribution of different types of rice were analyzed. The results indicated that the net photosynthesis in flag leaf and second leaf from above of erect and semi-erect panicle cultivars was higher than that of curved panicle cultivars at the full heading and ripening stages. The stomata conductance of erect and semi-erect panicle cultivars was bigger than that of curved panicle varieties at the full heading stage. But the difference of stomata conductance among three types of cultivars turned to be small. Compared with full heading stage, the intercellur CO2 concentration of the plants increased at the filling stage. In which the increase for curved panicle cultivars was significant. There was a significant positive correlation between the intercellur CO2 concentration at full heading and filling stages and grain yield. The erect and semi-erect panicle cultivars could translate higher ratio of the matter to panicle because of their great transportation ability.

Effects of Retention of Vegetative Branches on Source-Sink Relation, Leaf Senescence and Lint Yield in Bt Transgenic Hybrid Cotton

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 909-915 .

Abstract ( 1388 )

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【Objective and Method】Removal of vegetative branches (VB) has been a traditional practice for field management in cotton production in China，but current studies indicate that retention of VB is of great worth for improving cotton yield. In order to determine the feasibility of VB retention in cotton plants and the corresponding mechanisms, three hybrid cotton varieties were grown in a fertile land at considerably low population density (3.0 plants/m2) in Linqing in 2004 and 2005. Yield and yield components, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content, boll load per leaf area and leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) of cotton plants either with or without VB were examined each year. 【Results】Retention of VB reduced average boll weight, but significantly increased boll numbers per ground area and thus enhanced lint yield by 9.8% and 6.2% in 2004 and 2005 relative to removal of VB, respectively. Green leaf percentage and average chlorophyll content in canopy leaves in VB-retained plants were significantly increased, but chlorophyll content and Pn in functional leaves on the main stem of plants with VB was considerably decreased, compared to those of VB-removed plants. Retention of VB resulted in significantly strengthened leaf source before peak boll-setting and extended boll sinks at late stages of plant，but “flow” (transportation) capability of cotton plants seemed to be inhibited by VB retention.【Conclusion】It is concluded that VB retention for Bt hybrid cotton planted at a low density can be an effective practice for increasing yield. Yield increases could be attributed to the enhanced leaf sources before peak boll-setting and increased boll sinks at boll-setting by retention of VB. Retention of VB dose not substantially alleviate premature senescence of leaf canopy.

Differentiation of pathogenicity and AFLP analysis ofFusarium oxyporum f sp niveum

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 925-931 .

Abstract ( 1439 )

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Abstract: The pathogenicity and AFLP genetic differentiation of 46 Fusarium oxysporum f.sp niveum isolates from Shijiazhuang,Baoding,Tangshan etc. watermelon growing areas and 4 identified races from other regions were analyzed. The result showed that based on the different responses of three common identified hosts, the 50 isolates were classified into 3 physiologic races, 0 (18%)、1 (64%) and 2 (18％) , respectively. Of the total bands, 1157 AFLP bands were amplified by using 21 pairs of primers, among them, 389 ( 33.6%) were polymorphic; when all of polymorphic bands were analyzed by cluster analysis, 50 isolates were classified into3 groups: AGI, which included 5 physiologic race 2 ; AGII, including 4 physiologic race 0; AGIII, 42 isolates, which included 32 physiologic race 1 (76.2％) .It was concluded there existed obvious differentiation of the pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum in Hebei, and AFLP groups were generally associated with the different races.

Molecular Characterization Analysis of Citrus tristeza virus infected Chinese Wild Citrus

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 932-939 .

Abstract ( 1161 )

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【Objective】This study was conducted to investigate the CP/Hinf I RFLP groups and molecular characterization of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) infection Chinese wild citrus.【Method】The cDNA of coat protection gene (CPGs) were amplified and sequenced from 11 isolates of CTV collected from wild citrus of Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces, using RT-PCR and sequencer. The products of CPGs were analyzed by RFLP and SSCP, their CPGs sequences were subjected to sequence analysis and compared with CPGs sequences of 9 referred CTV isolates from GenBank by BioEidt and MEGA software.【Result】Comparison results showed that CPGs nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences of the 11 CTV isolates shared homology of 92.5%-99.5% and 95.0%-100% , respectively，and of 92.1%-98.8% and 94.6%-100% with those of 9 referred CTV isolates. RFLP and SSCP analysis on CPGs of 11 CTV isolates, the results demonstrated that single CP/Hinf I RFLP groups infected the mostly wild citrus.【Conclusion】Phylogenetic analysis of the 11 CTV isolates and 9 foreign referred CTV isolates showed that CPGs were highly conserved. It is suggested there exists complicated genetic relationship among the 11 CTV isolates and the 9 referred CTV isolates.

Potential Distribution of Alien Invasive Species and Risk Assessment: a Case Study of Erwinia amylovora in China

chenchen LIU Fengquan

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 940-947 .

Abstract ( 1552 )

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Abstract: Alien invasive species represent a severe risk to biodiversity and economy, such as the case of fire blight (Erwinia amylovora), a bacteria disease originated in North America, which may be released into new locations by means of fruits trade. On the basis of the knowledge of fire blight’s biophysical characteristics and environmental data, Geographic Information System (GIS) was applied to determine areas where fire blight can potentially invade in China where the pest has not been introduced. Temperature, together with the precipitation during the blossom period was considered to be two critical factors affecting fire blight’s suitable climatic zones. This spatial modeling approach was validated with a case study for the Europe, where the occurrence of fire blight has been proven. The model prediction agreed with the occurrence of this bacteria recorded in Europe and allowed us to apply the same procedure to produce a potential establishment areas in China’s two preferentially apple cultivation regions, Bohai Bay region and Huangtu altiplano region. It has been found out that areas belonging to the high-risk category are almost the main apple producing areas accounting for their great economic importance in China. This methodology provides an initial baseline for assessment, prevention, and management of alien species that may become invasive under certain environmental conditions. In addition, this modeling approach provides a tool for policy makers to use in making decisions on management practices when alien species are involved.

Tri-dimesion Pollution Chain in Tea Ecosystem and its Control

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 948-958 .

Abstract ( 1238 )

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The Yield Response of Vegetable to Phosphate Fertilizer and Organic Manure and the Risk Assess of Phosphorus Loss in Soil

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 959-965 .

Abstract ( 1136 )

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Abstract: 【Objective】The yield response of Chinese cabbage to phosphate fertilizer and organic manure , The effect of phosphorus accumulation, maximum phosphorus sorption buffering capacity, soluble phosphorus in irrigating stayed water, the rate of leaching phosphorus were also investigated under different rates of phosphate fertilizer and organic manure; 【Method】The yield response of crop to phosphate fertilizer and organic manure and the risk assessing of loss phosphorus in soil by long-term experiment. 【Result】Results showed that application of phosphate fertilizer and organic manure significantly increased the yield of Chinese cabbage , Application of P2O5 at rate of 360 kg·ha-1 or application of organic manure at rate of 150 t·ha-1 gave an yield increase significantly. The yield was not changed with excessive rate of phosphate fertilizer and organic manure, significantly. The content of Olsen-P, CaCl2-P, NaOH-P, soluble phosphorus in irrigating stayed water in soil were increased significantly with the increase rate of phosphate fertilizer and organic manure. The degree of phosphorus sorption saturation in soil was increased, Maximum phosphorus sorption capacity (Qm) and the index of phosphorus sorption were decreased. The content of Olsen-P and CaCl2-P were increased in the layer of 20～40 cm soil significantly，The risk of phosphorus loss was increased. 【Conclusion】The yield was not increased with excessive rate of phosphate fertilizer and organic manure, significantly. The content of Olsen-P, CaCl2-P, NaOH-P, soluble phosphorus in irrigating stayed water in soil were increased significantly with the increase rate of phosphate fertilizer and organic manure. The content of Olsen-P was positively correlated with CaCl2-P, NaOH-P and the degree of phosphorus sorption saturation, but the content of Olsen-P was negatively correlated with maximum phosphorus sorption capacity (Qm) and the index of phosphorus sorption. The risk of phosphorus loss was increased. Phosphorus was leached in the layer of 20～40 cm soil significantly.

Study on the Rapid Method to Test Longevity of Controlled Release Fertilizer Coated by Modified Resin

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 966-972 .

Abstract ( 1109 )

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The methods of pure water dissolving incubation and high temperature drip washing were used to study the pattern of the nutrients release of the CRFs and the regression equations of the periods needed for the same cumulative release rates between 25℃ and 80℃, through which to explore the rapid method to test the CRFs longevity by use of the high temperature drip washing. Results showed that the patterns of cumulative nutrients release curve would fit one factor quadric regression equations at each given temperatures, and all of relative coefficiencies were bigger than 0.995. With the temperature increasing, the nutrients release of the CRFs increased. The CRF’s longevity could be predicted by application of the cumulative nutrients release equation at 80℃ and the regression equation of the periods needed for the same cumulative release rates between 25℃ and 80℃. There were only 0.3~6.9% relative errors difference between the tested CRF’s longevities and the pridicted one. Hence, the longevities of CRFs could more quickly and precisely predicted by use of the high temperature drip washing method than the common differential release rate one. The longevity of coated CRF could be rapidly and precisely predicted in a few hours by application of the high temperature drip washing method.

Impact of Grain for Green Project to nature and society in north Shaanxi of China

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 972-979 .

Abstract ( 1207 )

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There is a global need to restore the functional integrity of nature; a proposal advanced because forests are so large in their influences on global biophysics. Here we examine the results of a rapid landscape-scale shift in ground cover/use from 1999 to 2004, China’s “Grain for Green Project,” as a practical example of a large scale attempt to restore a vulnerable environment. The project’s results thus far indicate that while natural coverage increased from 34.6%% to 47.2% in the northern part of Shaanxi Province. Although only 34.08% farmers declare they will cultivate grass-forest-land again when compensation for grain not produced is stopped, we believe that the restored vegetation may be completely reconverted back to cultivation at the program’s end and thus compromise the sustainability of the program’s environmental achievements.

The physiology and biochemistry analyzing of programmed cell death under drought stress in two Malus

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 980-986 .

Abstract ( 1361 )

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Malus sieversii and Malus hupehensis were treated with 20% polyethylene glycol(PEG6000) . The results are followed: The contents of DNA and RNA in leaves of sieversii were decreased slower than hupehensis treated with 20%PEG6000. The ratio of dry weight to fresh weight and the relative conductivity in leaves of sieversii were increased slower than hupehensis. In the experiment of dyed reaction with 0.1%NBT, the time of dyed in leaves sieversii was later than hupehensis. Physiology and biochemistry indexes could not only to identify fruit plants’ programmed cell death but also to measure sensitivity to water stress and to reflect drought resistance and senescence of Malus as parameters.

Relationship between biological character and parameters of hyperspectra of tobacco leaves

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 987-994 .

Abstract ( 1187 )

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The experiment studied the relationships between biochimacal contents(Total Nitrogen, Chlorophyll, Carotenoid) and biophysical characters(Fresh Weight, Dry Weight, Moisture Content) and characteristic parameters of hyperspectra.the results showed that the correlations between all the biological parameters of leaves and characteristic parameters of spectral were good. Variables of hyperspectra were found out through stepwise regression, and the regression coefficients of equations got 0.01 siginificance level .There were good estimative effections through the examination of other tobacco leaves. As a result, the estimative models of these variables could mensurate many kinds of biological parameters quickly and without damage, so that the besement of real time inspection on tobacco field is set out by this research.

Effect of Drying Technologies on Moisture and Carotenoids content of Carrot Pomace

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 995-1001 .

Abstract ( 1237 )

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This article aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of moisture and carotenoid content when drying carrot pomace by hot-air drying, vacuum drying, and combination drying techniques(hot-air drying + vacuum drying), respectively. The result showed that when the moisture of dried pomace reached 8%, the optimal drying technique was combination drying technique, i.e., firstly drying the carrot pomace by hot-air technique at 85℃ for 45 minutes, then drying by vacuum at 75℃ for 90 minutes, which only resulted in 2.1% loss of carotenoid. This research will be helpful for the comprehensive utilization of carrot pomace.

Protocal establishment of Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) for Analyzing Wheat Gluten Protein

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 1002-1009 .

Abstract ( 1336 )

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Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is an effective method in separating wheat gluten protein, which has been widely used in wheat quality study. Two cultivars, Zhongyou 9507 and Jing 411，were chosen to study the effect of temperature, elution gradient, sample weight, extraction duration, injection volume on gluten protein resolution and the repeat ability of these analyses. The results indicated that the gliadin and glutenin subunits extraction rate can reach 90% when 45mg of flour was extracted with 1ml 50% aqueous 1-propanol (v/v) and glutenin extraction buffer, respectively. The optimal sample injection volume of gliadin and glutenin was 10~15 ?l and 15~20 ?l, respectively. The modified elution gradient can separate all types of gliadin and glutenin subunits. This new protocol can qualify and quantify the components of gliadin and glutenin accurately, by which we can predicate the wheat end-use quality.

Effects of Cysteamine on Growth and Meat Tenderness of Fattening Goats

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 1010-1016 .

Abstract ( 1638 )

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p94 or calpain3a, a Ca2+-dependent protease expressed mainly in skeletal muscle, is highly correlated with muscle growth and meat tenderness. Somatostatin (SS) is the major inhibitory factor for growth hormone secretion and has also been reported to attenuate the expression and activity of calpains. Cysteamine (CS) can deplete the endogenous SS and thus is expected to have influence on animal growth and meat tenderness. To test this hypothesis, 60 healthy fattening goats with average body weight of 15±1 kg were employed and evenly divided into two groups (groupⅠandⅡ) at random. GroupⅠwas fed with a basal diet and groupⅡwith basal diet supplemented with 900mg•kg-1 CS. Goats were slaughtered after 60 days. Blood was collected to detect the serum levels of T3 and T4, the longissimus dorsi and semitendinosus muscles were sampled to investigate the shear force and the expression of p94 mRNA. The results showed that dietary supplementation of CS significantly accelerates body weight gain (p<0.05) and improves the tenderness of semitendinosus muscle of fattening goats (p<0.05), accompanied with increased expression of p94 mRNA (p<0.05). However, the serum levels of T3 and T4 and the tenderness of the longissimus dorsi were not affected by CS treatment (p>0.05). The results indicate that dietary supplementation of cysteamine can accelerate the growth of goats and meliorate the tenderness of semitendinosus muscle, which probably through up regulation of p94 mRNA expression in the muscle.

Study on Hair Follicle Structure and Morphogenesis of The Inner Mongolian Arbas cashmere goat

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 1017-1023 .

Abstract ( 1309 )

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Hair follicle is important skin appendage, it’s character have important influence on the quality and output of cashmere. Hair follicles develop as a result of epidermal keratinocytes interactions between epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts,and can be divided into morphologically distinguishable stage. We know the structure and changeable process morphogenesis of hair follicle by observing skin paraffin section of the Inner Mongolian Arbas cashmere goat,we aid service as a basic introduction into the field of cashmere goat hair follicle morphogenesis.

Target Position and Effective Mechanism of benzimidazole carbamate against Cysticerci cellulosae

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 1024-1032 .

Abstract ( 1782 )

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Using the technique to detect enzyme activity and metabolite content, the activity of key enzyme in pathway of energy metabolism was studied after drugs were applied. The target position of drug benzimidazole carbamate against Cysticerci cellulosae is fumaric reductase（FR）complex. The effective mechanism is the inhibition of uptaking glucose, noncompetitive inhibition of activity of fumaric reductase（FR）complex, at last disorder of energy metabolism, burnout of energy, and lead to death of Cysticerci cellulosae.

Confirmation of fluoroquinolone residues in milk by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 1033-1041 .

Abstract ( 1721 )

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A confirmation method is developed for determination of 10 fluoroquinolones (FQs), marbofloxacin(MAR), norfloxacin (NOR), ofloxacin (OFL), pefloxacin (PEF), ciprofloxacin (CIP), lomefloxacin (LOM), danofloxacin (DAN), enrofloxacin (ENR), sarafloxacin (SAR) and difloxacin (DIF) in milk using ion-trap-APCI liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Milk was precipitated by trichloroacetic acid and acetonitrile and then the extracts were purified onto reverse phase polymer Strata-X cartridges. The determination was achieved by liquid chromatography using an ODS2 analytical column with ion-trap-APCI tandem mass spectrometry. The procedure was validated by spiking 5 FQs (NOR, CIP, PEF, ENR, and SAR) into a blank milk at seven different levels (5.0、10.0、20.0、50.0、100.0、200.0、500.0 ng/mL) and linearity (r2>0.99), accuracy (recovery=48.8%～110.0%), precision (RSD≤18.5%) and sensitivity (LOD=0.2～0.8 ng/mL, LOQ= 1.0～5.0 ng/mL) were checked. The results showed that this method was a high throughputing procedure for confirmation of the FQs residues in milk.

The activity of carboxylesterase in the midgets of Bombyx mori against BmDNV-Z

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 1042-1049 .

Abstract ( 1355 )

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We dectected the activity of Bombyx mori carboxylesterase (BmCarE）in the midgetss by BIO-TEK SYNERGY between the silkworm strains HUABA which is susceptible to BmDNV-Z and BC8 which is resistant to the same virus. The expression differential of the BmCar was investigated after infecting 12,36 and 72 hours by Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that : 1).The activity of BmCarE in the midgut of BC8 infecting virus after 12 hours was 3.28,2.26 and 3.02 times of that in the BC8 (water), HUABA (DNV)and HUABA (water) respectively (P＜0.01), and therer was no statistic difference among the three treatments BC8 (water), HUABA (DNV)and HUABA (water); 2).The quantity of BmCarE in the midgut of BC8 infecting virus after 12 hours was 17.714, 21.76 and 15.09 times of that in the BC8 (water), HUABA (DNV)and HUABA (water) respectively (P＜0.01), and therer was no statistic difference among the three treatments BC8 (water), HUABA (DNV)and HUABA (water); 3). The increase of BmcarE activity and the expression level related to the resistant gene (nsd/nsd) and the stimulation of BmDNV-Z; 4). The molecular base of the increase of BmcarE activity in the resistant strain BC8 was the change of carboxylesterase in the transcription level.

Preliminary protein Analysis of near isogenic line (NILs) for Rf3 in CMS-S maize

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 1050-1055 .

Abstract ( 1462 )

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The Rf3 gene is one of two or more nuclear genes required for fertility restoration in male-sterile S-cytoplasm(CMS-S) male. It's near isogenic lines, Ps and Pf, were developed by anther, which serves as materials for isolating and cloning Rf3 gene by using of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) we had improved in this study. The results showed that there was a special protein RRPⅡ(MW25.2kD,pI5.0) in the leaves of Ps during the period of the meiosis of pollen mother cell. It may be play a role in fertility restoration in CMS-S maize. The further isolation and purification of this protein will be beneficial to clone Rf3 gene and discover the molecular mechanism of fertility expressional model. And, the trends and directions of the joint studies for genomics and proteomics were discussed here.

Analysis for Genetic effect and Heterosis of insect resistant transgenic cotton crosses in different ecological environments

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 1056-1063 .

Abstract ( 1020 )

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Yield and fiber quality traits of 10 parents and their 24 F1 transgenic crosses（6×4）in 3 ecological environments were analyzed by the genetic model of additive-dominance and their interactions with environments by MINQUE method. The result showed that bollsize, lint percentage, lint yield, elongation, 2.5% span length, strength and micronaire were mainly controlled by genetic main effects, and seed cotton yield, boll number and micronaire were evidently affected by environmental effects. Among these genetic main effects, dominant effect values in 4 yield traits were more than additive effect value, except boll size, and 5 fiber quality traits showed contrary effect, these indicated more yield traits exhibited heterosis. Hpm (population heterosis over parent mean), Hpb(population heterosis over parent better) and environment interaction showed lint yield and lint percentage had a better stability, and worse stability displayed in seed cotton yield and boll number. Interaction effect values between yield traits and environment were higher, and lower between fiber quality traits and environment, revealed fiber quality traits can be improved through selection in certain environment, and yield trait should be improved in different ecological environment. The genotype value and heterosis of every F1 cross lint yield analysis showed that crosses P6×P10 exhibited remarkable Hbm and Hbp.

Relationship between Root and Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristic in Rice

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 1064-1068 .

Abstract ( 1434 )

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In order to promulgate between the root system and the leaf photosynthesis characteristic contacts, The effects of wiping out roots on rice leaf photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were studied with rice seedling solution experiments. The result indicates that the first leaf photosynthesis rate and stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of wiping out upper root is decreased immediately by 10.25, 53.99% and 46.26% respectively. When wiping out one half root system, the photosynthesis rate of the first and second leaf decreased immediately by 0.053% and 8.51%, the stomatal conductance decreased immediately by 24.03% and 35.80%, the transpiration rate decreased immediately by 21.22% and 30.93%; When further wiping out surplus complete root system, the photosynthesis rate of the first and second leaf decreased immediately by 12.57% and 17.22%, the stomatal conductance decreased immediately by 55.86% and 61.84%, the transpiration rate decreased immediately by 50.96% and 55.96%.The root system and the leaf photosynthesis characteristic exists closely direct relation。

Evaluation of the immunization of iron-regulated outer membrane proteins (IROMPs) of leporid Pasteurella multocida

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 1073-1078 .

Abstract ( 1227 )

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Abstract: To evaluate the diversity of immunogenicity of IROMPs, OMPs and whole-cell bacterin (WCB) of leporid P. multocida. 20 mice were equally assigned to 4 groups at random. They were immunimized by IROMPs, OMPs and WCB respectively. The indirect ELISA was used to detect antibody responses. After two months postvaccinally, the antisera to these three immunogens and normal serum were collected and diluted with sterile physiological saline (1:10 V/V). Then 48 mice were equally assigned to 8 groups at random, group a and b, antisera to IROMPs; group c and d, antisera to OMPs; group e and f, antisera to WCB; group g and h, normal serum. Then group a, c, e and g were challenged with P. multocida C51-17 and group b, d, f and h were challenged with C51-3 to observe the passive protection. The results of active immunity showed that titers of serum antibodies of group WCB were higher than those of group IROMPs and OMPs before 21d, After that, antibody response of group IROMPs climbed up rapidly and soon bypass that of WCB group. At last, the titers were: IROMPs > WCB > OMPs. The results of passive protection indicated IROMPs-antisera could enhanced resistance against P. multocida C51-3 and C51-17, while OMPs-antisera and WCB-antisera couldn’t provide effective protction against C51-3. It demonstrated that IROMPs could enhance resistance against challenge of heterologous serotype of P.multocida, maybe had characteristics of cross-protection factors (CPFs).

Study on the Method of SCAR to Identify the Variety and Purity of Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2007, 40(5): 1079-1084 .

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Sericulture production is used to the first filial generation. The rule method to identify silkworm variety and purity with morphological characters of larval pattern or cocoon shape is easily affected by environment. Thus，the prescription and accuracy is low. The genome DNA of silkworm was extracted from single blue-stage-egg of mainly silkworm varieties in JiangSu province of SU5, SU6 and their F1with rapid method. The specific bands R5 and R6 of RAPD were amplify traced each from of SU5 and SU6 variety, with selected random primer of S42. The sequences were 255bp and 343bp respectively after cloned and sequenced. Then analyze the sequences by courtesy of database on-line. The results showed the nt7-192 of R5 and the nt183-368 of the non-LTR retrotransposon of silkworm has 91% consistency. Accordingly, 91% of nt675-337 of one of whole genome shotgun sequence（WGS）of silkworm shows the same sequence as the nt5-340 of R5, which include 13 gaps. Further, transform the RAPD mark of two parental varieties to SCAR mark. Thus, SU5, SU6 and their F1 were identified accurately and fast, with the synthetic specific primers of S42-255-2（P5-2）and S42-343-2（P6-2）.

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