Abstract: Based on the analysis of characteristic and development trends of conservation tillage in the world, the concept of conservation tillage (CT) was defined as an integrative technology system, which will reduce soil erosion and protect ecological environment in agricultural system. The key technologies of CT include the technology of minimum tillage and no-tillage, the technology of micro-topographical alteration and the technology of surface coverage. The principles of CT are to achieve “lower soil disturbances”, “less bareness”, “less pollution”, “moderate moisture”, “moderate roughness” and to maintain sustainable productivity of farmland. According to the concept and principles of CT, the research orientations and the key technologies suited for different regions in China of CT were put forward to build a China characteristic CT system.

Key words: conservation tillage, concept, principle, research orientation