金佛山方竹鲜笋品质海拔分异及驱动因素分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.13.015

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aimed to reveal the variation patterns of Chimonobambusa utilis fresh shoot quality along an altitudinal gradient and to identify the main soil nutrient driving factors, providing a theoretical basis for the precise cultivation and efficient utilization of high-quality C. utilis shoots.【Method】Based on the distribution pattern and sprouting regularity of C. utilis in the nature reserve, five standard sample plots were established at altitudes of 1 850, 1 950, 2 050, and 2 150 m, respectively. The nutritional components, amino acid composition, flavor substances, and texture of fresh shoots at different altitudes were systematically determined, and the nutrient status of the understory soil was simultaneously analyzed. Redundancy analysis (RDA), linear regression, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to comprehensively analyze the altitudinal differences in fresh shoot quality and its main soil factors.【Result】Among basic nutrients and mineral elements, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in protein, crude fat, soluble sugar, vitamin C, amino acid-state nitrogen, reducing sugar, triterpenoids, ash, dietary fiber, sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, and selenium among different altitudes. However, potassium content increased significantly with increasing altitude (P<0.05), and the potassium content of fresh bamboo shoots at 2 150 m was 1.50 times higher than that at 1 850 m. There were no significant differences in total amino acids and the content of 13 amino acids among different altitudes (P>0.05), but serine, alanine, and tyrosine were sensitive to altitude. Specifically, serine in fresh bamboo shoots at 2 150 m, 2 050 m, and 1 950 m was significantly higher than that at 1 850 m; alanine in fresh bamboo shoots at 1 950 m was significantly higher than that at 1 850 m; tyrosine in fresh bamboo shoots at 2 050 m was significantly higher than that at 1 850 m (P<0.05). Among the taste and texture indicators of fresh bamboo shoots, there were no significant differences in cellulose, lignin, oxalic acid, total flavonoids, umami, bitterness, and tasteless amino acids among different altitudes (P>0.05). However, tannin and sweet amino acids were significantly affected by altitude (P<0.05). The highest hardness of fresh bamboo shoots was at 1 850 m, and the highest crispness was at 2 150 m. Regression analysis showed that potassium and serine content exhibited a positive linear relationship with increasing altitude, while tannin content exhibited a negative linear relationship (R²=0.50). The RDA results indicated that soil pH, SOC (soil organic carbon), and TN (total nitrogen) were the primary soil nutrient factors driving the differentiation of fresh bamboo shoot quality. The SEM results further revealed that altitude indirectly regulated the nutritional and flavor quality of fresh bamboo shoots by promoting TN and SOC accumulation and decreasing soil pH. 【Conclusion】High altitude was conducive to the accumulation of potassium and sweet amino acids while reducing tannins, thus improving flavor. TN, SOC, and pH were the main driving factors for the differentiation of fresh bamboo shoot quality, and altitude indirectly affected the quality of fresh bamboo shoots by regulating soil nutrient content.

Key words: Chimonobambusa utilis, fresh bamboo shoots, nutritional quality, taste quality, soil nutrients, redundancy analysis, structural equation modeling

ZENG QingPing, LIU Han, NIE TangJie, JIANG XuanBin, LI HongYan, TANG JiaJia, SHEN Ling, CHEN LiJie, LUO XiaoGang, XIE ChengWei, TONG Long. Elevation-Related Variation and Key Environmental Drivers of Fresh Bamboo Shoot Quality in Chimonobambusa utilis from Jinfo Mountain in China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(13): 2946-2961.

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项目 Item	海拔 Altitude (m)
项目 Item	1850	1950	2050	2150
经度Longitude	107º12′33″	107º11′07″	107º11′38″	107º11′21″
纬度Latitude	29º00′49″	29º00′22″	29º01′12″	29º01′33″
坡度Slope (°)	8	2	6	3
坡向Slope direction	东南Southeast	东北Northeast	东East	东北Northeast
平均胸径 Mean diameter at breast height (cm)	3.03	3.13	3.26	3.18
金佛山方竹占比Proportion of Chimonobambusa utilis (%)	50	52	49.67	49.5
平均树高 Mean tree height (m)	5.2	5.15	5.5	5.6
密度 Density (plant/hm²)	29515	27414	27614	26113
主要阔叶树 Main broadleaf species	毛花槭Acer erianthum、青麸杨Rhus potaninii、扁刺锥Castanopsis platyacantha、白辛树Pterostyrax psilophyllus、房县槭Acer sterculiaceum subsp. Franchetii、灯台树Cornus controversa、毛花槭Acer erianthum、盐麸木Rhus chinensis、水青冈Fagus longipetiolata、栓皮栎Quercus variabilis	华西花楸Sorbus wilsoniana、微毛樱桃Prunus clarofolia、石灰花楸Sorbus folgneri、稠李Prunus padus、包果柯Lithocarpus cleistocarpus、金山杜鹃Rhododendron longipes var. chienianum、梾木Cornus macrophylla、扁刺锥Castanopsis platyacantha、中华木荷Schima sinensis	梾木Cornus macrophylla、匙叶栎Quercus dolicholepis、阔柄杜鹃Rhododendron platypodum、湖北海棠Malus hupehensis、石灰花楸Sorbus folgneri、微毛樱桃Prunus clarofolia、四川花楸Sorbus setschwanensis、巴东荚蒾Viburnum henry	金山杜鹃Rhododendron longipes var. chienianum、西南红山茶Camellia pitardii、巴东栎Quercus engleriana、包果柯Lithocarpus cleistocarpus、华西花楸Sorbus wilsoniana、五尖槭Acer maximowiczii、野八角Illicium simonsii

项目 Item	海拔 Altitude (m)
项目 Item	2150	2050	1950	1850
天冬氨酸Aspartic acid (mg·g^-1)	4.87±0.63a	4.62±0.83a	4.53±1.07a	3.98±0.78a
谷氨酸Glutamic acid (mg·g^-1)	3.25±0.40a	3.25±0.43a	3.12±0.40a	3.01±0.47a
丝氨酸Serine (mg·g^-1)	1.48±0.10a	1.46±0.06a	1.50±0.04a	1.34±0.11b
甘氨酸Glycine (mg·g^-1)	0.78±0.08a	0.74±0.08a	0.74±0.05a	0.71±0.08a
苏氨酸*Threonine (mg·g^-1)	0.94±0.09a	0.93±0.13a	0.93±0.10a	0.92±0.02a
丙氨酸Alanine (mg·g^-1)	1.24±0.14ab	1.18±0.22ab	1.34±0.14a	1.08±0.22b
异亮氨酸*Isoleucine (mg·g^-1)	0.58±0.06a	0.53±0.04a	0.58±0.06a	0.52±0.07a
亮氨酸*Leucine (mg·g^-1)	1.19±0.11a	1.10±0.10a	1.21±0.04a	1.09±0.13a
缬氨酸*Valine (mg·g^-1)	1.15±0.24a	1.12±0.08a	1.15±0.25a	1.06±0.29a
甲硫氨酸*Methionine (mg·g^-1)	0.28±0.08a	0.21±0.09a	0.23±0.04a	0.21±0.09a
苯丙氨酸*Phenylalanine (mg·g^-1)	0.81±0.09a	0.80±0.05a	0.79±0.07a	0.76±0.11a
组氨酸Histidine (mg·g^-1)	0.60±0.08a	0.57±0.05a	0.60±0.13a	0.60±0.07a
精氨酸Arginine (mg·g^-1)	0.97±0.15a	0.99±0.28a	0.89±0.05a	0.89±0.10a
半胱氨酸Cysteine (mg·g^-1)	0.44±0.40a	0.31±0.03a	0.31±0.08a	0.27±0.10a
酪氨酸Tyrosine (mg·g^-1)	0.52±0.09a	0.44±0.07ab	0.46±0.07ab	0.39±0.03b
赖氨酸*Lysine (mg·g^-1)	0.12±0.02a	0.11±0.01a	0.12±0.01a	0.12±0.01a
总氨基酸Total amino acid (mg·g^-1)	19.21±1.91a	18.36±1.13a	18.50±0.94a	16.93±1.65a
必须氨基酸Essential amino acid (mg·g^-1)	5.07±0.41a	4.80±0.17a	5.01±0.43a	4.67±0.95a
必需氨基酸占总氨基酸百分比Proportion of essential amino acid (%)	26.37±1.69a	26.17±2.77a	27.08±1.15a	27.57±3.37a

项目Item	2150 m	2050 m	1950 m	1850 m
硬度Hardness (g)	3 066.54±219.58a	3 219.66±57.59a	3 381.81±476.85a	3 335.17±584.05a
脆度Crispness (g)	3 460.72±287.23a	3 441.23±389.82a	2 915.06±591.25a	2 915.80±520.97a

指标 Index	模型指标值 Model index value	置信区间 Confidence interval
指标 Index	模型指标值 Model index value	95%	99%
SRMR	0.087	0.126	0.158
d_ULS	0.247	0.446	0.698
d_G	0.158	0.430	0.850

Elevation-Related Variation and Key Environmental Drivers of Fresh Bamboo Shoot Quality in Chimonobambusa utilis from Jinfo Mountain in China

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