内蒙古中部地区饲用燕麦品种筛选及青贮品质评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.19.017

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】With the continuous advancement of grass animal husbandry, there is a shortage of high-quality feed oat varieties in central Inner Mongolia, especially the lack of silage feed oat germplasm resources. Through the analysis of nutritional components and silage quality of different oat varieties, the high quality oat and silage oat varieties suitable for planting in this area were selected.【Method】In this study, 9 feed oat varieties, including Mengsi Yan No. 2, Dictator, Madison, Fuxing, Haymaker, Caesar, Tianyan No. 1, Waterfall, and Molasses, were screened. They were planted in the experimental base of the agro-pastoral ecotone of the Grassland Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The yield was measured by mowing at the milk maturity stage, filling the polyethylene feed bag with silage and vacuum sealing it, storing it at room temperature for 120 days. The nutrient composition of feed oat silage before and after silage, the fermentation quality of silage and the number of microorganisms were analyzed.【Result】There were significant differences in yield, nutritional value and silage fermentation quality among different varieties of feed oats in central Inner Mongolia (P<0.05). The yield of fresh grass in the nine feed oat varieties was 40.20-59.54 t•hm^-2, and the yield of fresh grass in Mengsi Yan No. 2 was the highest (59.54 t•hm^-2), while the dry matter content of the raw materials of the nine feed oat varieties was 31.53%-41.32%, and the Fuxing (13.75%) with the highest crude protein content was 95.31% higher than that of Madison (7.04%). The content of soluble carbohydrates was low, and the highest was Molasses (4.83%). The content of neutral detergent fiber in Caesar and Fuxing was significantly lower than that of other varieties (P<0.05), and the highest content of acid detergent fiber in Dictator was 37.07%, which was significantly different from other varieties (P<0.01). After 120 days of silage, there was still a significant difference in nutrient composition between varieties (P<0.05). The dry matter content of Caesar was the highest, and the crude protein content of Fuxing was 11.98%, which was significantly higher than that of other varieties (P<0.05). The content of soluble carbohydrates in Madison was the highest, and the neutral and acidic detergent fibers of Fuxing were the lowest, which were significantly lower than those of other varieties (P<0.05). The crude ash fraction of Fuxing was 7.81%, which was significantly higher than that of other varieties (P<0.05). There were also significant differences in the fermentation quality of different varieties, with Fuxing having the lowest pH, the highest lactic acid content, no butyric acid detected, the lowest ammonia nitrogen content, and a higher number of lactic acid bacteria. According to the evaluation system of Kaiser, the Fuxing grade was 1, and the fermentation quality was the best, while the fermentation quality of other varieties was poor. The results of redundancy analysis showed that the nutritional quality of raw materials jointly explained 80.01% of the variation of silage fermentation quality. Among them, the contribution rate of crude protein was the highest, while there was a significant difference between acid detergent fiber and silage quality (P<0.01). The results of Pearson correlation showed that the nutritional quality of raw materials significantly affected the fermentation quality of silage, and crude protein, neutral and acidic detergent fiber and crude ash were the main factors affecting the fermentation quality.【Conclusion】Considering the yield, nutritional quality and fermentation quality, Fuxing could be used as a spring-sown silage feed oat variety in central Inner Mongolia.

Key words: feed oats, variety, silage, nutritional quality, fermentation quality

REN JiaHui, SUN JuanJuan, HAO YingLu, WANG FengWu, WANG JingYu, ZHANG MingWei, LI BaoHan, ZHENG ChengZhong, HE ZhuQing, WANG ZhaoLan. Screening of Feed Oat Varieties and Its Evaluation of Silage Quality in Central Inner Mongolia[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(19): 4026-4038.

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References 42

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品种名称 Breed name	品种来源 Breed source	原产地 Origin
蒙饲燕2号 Mengsi Yan No. 2	中国农业科学院草原研究所 Institute of Grassland, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences	中国 China
禾王 Dictator	百绿国际（天津）草业有限公司 Bailv International (Tianjin) Grass Industry Co., Ltd	美国America
麦迪逊 Madison	百绿国际（天津）草业有限公司 Bailv International (Tianjin) Grass Industry Co., Ltd	加拿大 Canada
福星 Fuxing	北京正道种业有限公司 Beijing Zhengdao Seed Industry Co., Ltd	美国 America
黑玫克 Haymaker	北京正道种业有限公司 Beijing Zhengdao Seed Industry Co., Ltd	加拿大 Canada
凯撒 Caesar	北京百斯特草业有限公司 Beijing Best Grass Industry Co., Ltd	美国 America
甜燕1号 Tianyan No. 1	北京佰青源畜牧业科技发展有限公司 Beijing Baiqingyuan Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd	加拿大 Canada
大瀑布 Waterfall	克劳沃（北京）生态科技有限公司 Crowwer (Beijing) Ecological Technology Co., Ltd	加拿大 Canada
牧乐思 Molasses	克劳沃（北京）生态科技有限公司 Crowwer (Beijing) Ecological Technology Co., Ltd	加拿大 Canada

丁酸 Butyric acid（%DM）	得分 Bonus point	乙酸 Acetic acid（%DM）	去分 Subtract point	总分 Total score	级别 Level
0—0.3	100	≤3.0	0	90—100	1
0.3—0.4	90	3.0—3.5	-10	72—89	2
0.4—0.7	80	3.5—4.5	-20	52—71	3
0.7—1.0	70	4.5—5.5	-30	30—51	4
1.0—1.3	60	5.5—6.5	-40	<30	5
1.3—1.6	50	6.5—7.5	-50	—	—
1.6—1.9	40	7.5—8.5	-60	—	—
1.9—2.6	30	>8.5	-70	—	—
2.6—3.6	20	—	—	—	—
3.6—5.0	10	—	—	—	—
>5.0	—	—	—	—	—

品种 Variety	鲜草产量 Fresh yield (t•hm^-2)	干草产量 Hay yield (t•hm^-2)	株高 Plant height (cm)
蒙饲燕2号Mengsi Yan No. 2	59.54±8.19a	13.26±1.35ab	120.50±0.89b
禾王Dictator	41.46±3.82ab	9.54±0.94abc	100.70±1.77e
麦迪逊Madison	53.80±11.26ab	14.34±1.74a	127.20±2.86a
福星Fuxing	45.46±0.35ab	9.78±0.03abc	96.70±1.92e
黑玫克Haymaker	47.86±0.57ab	10.46±0.0.63abc	108.00±2.49d
凯撒Caesar	35.82±5.47b	7.34±0.75c	115.80±1.58bc
甜燕1号Tianyan No. 1	49.66±3.26ab	11.46±1.07abc	121.00±2.20b
大瀑布Waterfall	40.20±9.00ab	8.54±1.57bc	112.30±1.87cd
牧乐思Molasses	56.20±9.72ab	13.00±2.96ab	97.50±1.01e

品种 Variety	干物质 Dry matter (%FW)	粗蛋白 Crude protein (%DM)	可溶性碳水化合物 Water soluble carbohydrates (%DM)	中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent Fibers (%DM)	酸性洗涤纤维 Acidic detergent Fiber s(%DM)	粗灰分 Ash (%DM)
蒙饲燕2号Mengsi Yan No. 2	33.82±0.24de	9.14±0.20bc	3.99±0.56ab	59.10±0.10a	28.23±0.15bc	6.25±0.29cd
禾王Dictator	37.58±0.28bc	13.04±0.64a	1.63±0.05d	51.83±1.48c	37.07±1.78a	7.43±0.24b
麦迪逊Madison	34.02±0.14de	7.04±0.19d	4.52±0.08ab	56.94±0.78b	29.24±0.57b	7.24±0.20b
福星Fuxing	31.53±0.49f	13.75±0.75a	2.64±0.43cd	48.90±0.61d	23.97±0.70e	8.50±0.23a
黑玫克Haymaker	32.42±0.79ef	10.06±0.18b	3.85±0.39ab	56.09±0.19b	27.45±0.25bcd	7.31±0.34b
凯撒Caesar	41.32±1.08a	9.11±0.16bc	2.22±0.24d	48.48±0.73d	24.30±0.16e	6.23±0.39cd
甜燕1号Tianyan No. 1	36.37±0.79bc	9.24±0.35bc	4.25±0.42ab	53.16±0.54c	26.70±0.57cd	6.21±0.52cd
大瀑布Waterfall	34.72±0.25cd	8.05±0.44cd	3.56±0.43bc	56.24±0.20b	29.51±0.24b	6.53±0.20bc
牧乐思Molasses	38.42±0.44b	8.46±0.21c	4.83±0.46a	55.79±0.49b	25.52±0.27de	5.51±0.18d

品种 Variety	干物质 Dry matter (%FW)	粗蛋白 Crude protein (%DM)	可溶性碳水化合物 Water soluble carbohydrates (%DM)	中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fibers (%DM)	酸性洗涤纤维 Acidic detergent fibers (%DM)	粗灰分 Ash (%DM)
蒙饲燕2号Mengsi Yan No. 2	30.24±0.95d	8.78±0.24cd	1.81±0.13b	48.02±1.88ab	22.22±1.04abc	5.98±0.07c
禾王Dictator	34.82±0.58abc	10.27±1.19b	1.44±0.22bc	47.34±1.24ab	22.91±1.29abc	7.30±1.01ab
麦迪逊Madison	34.46±1.46abc	7.08±0.42e	3.57±0.23a	51.55±1.28a	25.42±1.15a	6.40±0.33bc
福星Fuxing	29.70±0.37d	11.98±0.39a	1.03±0.08c	41.33±1.91b	18.47±1.07c	7.81±0.15a
黑玫克Haymaker	33.28±0.46bcd	10.02±0.12bc	2.05±0.11b	52.80±0.96a	24.07±0.90ab	5.44±0.16c
凯撒Caesar	37.14±1.12a	9.12±0.14bcd	1.81±0.40b	45.71±4.98ab	21.98±2.62abc	5.88±0.36c
甜燕1号Tianyan No. 1	31.19±0.69cd	8.65±0.23cd	1.81±0.13b	50.76±3.37a	24.21±1.96ab	6.02±0.17c
大瀑布Waterfall	31.90±1.53bcd	7.91±0.27de	2.98±0.19a	47.38±2.35ab	22.96±1.40abc	5.82±0.11c
牧乐思Molasses	35.09±2.06ab	7.94±0.36de	3.09±0.24a	50.07±2.14a	22.94±1.56abc	5.29±0.45c

Screening of Feed Oat Varieties and Its Evaluation of Silage Quality in Central Inner Mongolia

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品种 Variety	pH	乳酸 Lactic acid (%DM)	乙酸 Acetic acid (%DM)	丙酸 Propionic acid(%DM)	丁酸 Butyric acid (%DM)	氨态氮/总氮 NH₃-N/TN (%)
蒙饲燕2号Mengsi Yan No. 2	4.52±0.11bc	1.96±0.35bc	0.07±0.01b	1.57±0.09de	2.19±0.15a	6.66±0.80abc
禾王Dictator	4.77±0.06ab	1.47±0.41bcd	0.04±0.01bc	1.63±0.10de	1.30±0.44ab	5.89±0.52bc
麦迪逊Madison	4.61±0.08b	1.00±0.19d	0.03±0.01c	1.23±0.09e	1.83±0.17ab	7.97±0.12a
福星Fuxing	4.33±0.08c	5.28±0.27a	0.18±0.01a	1.94±0.07bcde	—	4.98±0.21c
黑玫克Haymaker	4.59±0.03b	2.23±0.14bc	0.07±0.00b	1.71±0.11cde	1.64±0.04ab	5.09±0.12c
凯撒Caesar	4.57±0.11b	2.30±0.35b	0.06±0.01b	2.60±0.16ab	1.06±0.08b	5.24±0.33bc
甜燕1号Tianyan No. 1	4.69±0.06ab	1.82±0.14bcd	0.06±0.00bc	1.70±0.11cde	2.10±0.38a	6.91±0.51ab
大瀑布Waterfall	4.68±0.04ab	1.35±0.16cd	0.05±0.01bc	2.04±0.12bcd	2.20±0.23a	8.30±0.88a
牧乐思Molasses	4.75±0.06ab	1.77±0.26bcd	0.05±0.01bc	2.77±0.46a	2.08±0.53a	6.85±0.76ab

品种 Variety	丁酸 Butyric acid (%DM)	得分 Bonus point	乙酸 Acetic acid (%DM)	总分 Total score	级别 Level
蒙饲燕2号Mengsi Yan No. 2	2.19	30	0.07	30	4
禾王Dictator	1.30	60	0.04	60	3
麦迪逊Madison	1.83	40	0.03	40	4
福星Fuxing	0.00	100	0.18	100	1
黑玫克Haymaker	1.64	40	0.07	40	4
凯撒Caesar	1.06	60	0.06	60	3
甜燕1号Tianyan No. 1	2.10	30	0.06	30	4
大瀑布Waterfall	2.20	30	0.05	30	4
牧乐思Molasses	2.08	30	0.05	30	4

品种 Variety	乳酸菌 Lactic acid bacteria (lg cfu•g^-1)	大肠杆菌 Colibacillus (lg cfu.g^-1)	霉菌与酵母菌 Mold and Yeast (lg cfu.g^-1)
蒙饲燕2号Mengsi Yan No. 2	3.83±0.98bc	0.78±0.78ab	2.12±0.91c
禾王Dictator	5.90±0.27a	0.18±0.18b	6.12±0.15a
麦迪逊Madison	3.60±0.70bc	2.32±1.34ab	2.20±0.50c
福星Fuxing	5.63±0.20a	1.01±1.06ab	4.16±0.85abc
黑玫克Haymaker	5.91±0.18a	2.52±0.95ab	5.73±0.09a
凯撒Caesar	5.57±0.17a	—	2.85±1.00bc
甜燕1号Tianyan No. 1	5.79±0.22a	0.60±0.60b	4.52±0.69abc
大瀑布Waterfall	4.49±0.81ab	1.30±1.30ab	2.59±0.68bc
牧乐思Molasses	2.64±0.42c	1.88±1.00ab	2.87±1.01bc

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