间作行比对玉米冠层光环境异质性和光合物质生产的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.08.005

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to elucidate the effects of maize-soybean intercropping patterns on canopy light heterogeneity, light use efficiency, and yield formation in maize rows, and to identify an intercropping configuration suitable for mechanized operations in the black soil region along the foothills of the Greater Khingan Range, so as to enhance regional agricultural productivity.【Method】Field experiments were conducted during 2023-2024 in the black soil region along the eastern foothills of the Greater Khingan Mountains (Arong Banner, Inner Mongolia, China), using maize (Yinongyu 12) and soybean (Dongsheng 19) as test cultivars. The canopy light environment of maize was visualized. Six maize-soybean intercropping configurations were established, including two rows maize-two rows soybean (2M2S), four rows maize-four rows soybean (4M4S), four rows maize-two rows soybean (4M2S), six rows maize-six rows soybean (6M6S), six rows maize-four rows soybean (6M4S), and six rows maize-two rows soybean (6M2S), and differences in canopy structure, light-use characteristics, and yield formation were systematically evaluated.【Result】(1) The 4M4S configuration exhibited the most favorable canopy structural characteristics due to enhanced light penetration in marginal rows and improved light conditions within inner rows, followed by 2M2S. Consequently, light-use efficiency and leaf photosynthetic rate during the tasseling-silking and grain-filling stages were significantly higher under 4M4S and 2M2S than that under the other intercropping treatments. (2) Maize yield under 4M4S did not differ significantly from that under 2M2S, whereas soybean yield was significantly higher under 4M4S, leading to the highest land equivalent ratio (LER), reaching 1.61 and 1.60 over the two years. LER values for the remaining treatments ranged from 1.31-1.56 and 1.28-1.53, respectively. Moreover, owing to better compatibility with agricultural machinery and lower operational costs, 4M4S achieved the highest benefit-cost ratio (6.61), exceeding those of other treatments by 7.39%-32.28%.【Conclusion】The upper canopy layer (L160 and L200) was identified as a key functional zone regulating photosynthesis in intercropped maize, with pronounced gradient differentiation in the relationships among canopy structure, photosynthetic performance, and yield across spatial row positions, where marginal rows exhibited the strongest advantage. Mantel analysis further revealed a strong coupling between light environmental structure and photosynthetic efficiency, forming a continuous pathway of “light acquisition-photosynthetic conversion-yield formation”. Owing to enhanced marginal effects and improved light distribution within inner rows, maize yield under the 4M4S configuration did not differ significantly from that under the conventional 2M2S pattern, whereas soybean yield was significantly increased (P<0.05), resulting in the highest land equivalent ratio and a greater benefit-cost ratio. Therefore, in the black soil region along the eastern foothills of the Greater Khingan Mountains, the 4M4S intercropping system represented an effective strategy to simultaneously enhance productivity and economic returns while facilitating fully mechanized cultivation and promoting sustainable agroecosystem development.

Key words: maize-soybean intercropping, canopy structure, light energy utilization, yield benefits, land equivalent ratio

CHEN XuanYi, GUO XingXing, ZHANG XiangQian, LU ZhanYuan, LIU LingYue, LUO Fang, LI JinLong, ZHANG ChuanLing, ZHANG ZhiQing, CHE ManQing. Impacts of Intercropping Row Patterns on the Heterogeneity of the Light Environment and Photosynthetic Product Production in Maize Canopy[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(8): 1653-1671.

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处理 Treatment	玉米种植密度 Maize planting density (plants/hm²)	大豆种植密度 Soybean planting density (plants/hm²)	带宽 Band width (cm)	小区种植面积 Plot planting area (m²)	玉米大豆行比 Maize-soybean row ratio	同垄行距 Same ridge row spacing (cm)	垄间行距 Row spacing between ridges (cm)	玉米株距 Maize plant spacing (cm)	大豆株距 Soybean plant spacing (cm)
2M2S	54570	127500	220	880	2﹕2	45	65	16.6	7.1
4M4S	54570	127500	440	1760	4﹕4	45	65	16.6	7.1
4M2S	72765	85000	330	1320	4﹕2	45	65	16.6	7.1
6M6S	54570	127500	660	2640	6﹕6	45	65	16.6	7.1
6M4S	65490	102000	550	2200	6﹕4	45	65	16.6	7.1
6M2S	81855	63750	440	1760	6﹕2	45	65	16.6	7.1

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	边际行单株产量 Outer row yield (g)	次边际行单株产量 Adjacent row yield (g)	内行产单株产量 Inner row yield (g)	平均行列单株产量 Mean row yield (g)
2023	2M2S	204.56±6.32b	-	-	204.56±6.32a
	4M4S	208.43±6.90ab	-	154.86±6.49a	181.65±6.7b
	4M2S	180.32±3.73c	-	118.89±2.43b	149.61±3.08cd
	6M6S	214.46±1.38a	135.38±3.30a	114.48±1.80c	154.77±2.16c
	6M4S	192.54±3.77b	122.89±2.64b	115.01±6.60bc	143.48±4.34d
	6M2S	145.38±2.46d	114.88±3.96c	119.70±3.88b	126.65±3.43e
2024	2M2S	198.77±6.77a	-	-	198.77±6.77a
	4M4S	200.44±5.86a	-	167.35±3.67a	183.90±4.77b
	4M2S	153.90±4.19c	-	142.78±1.86b	148.34±3.03cd
	6M6S	193.10±4.97a	139.65±8.06a	137.06±1.81bc	156.60±4.95c
	6M4S	171.39±6.39b	135.51±2.29a	137.07±5.52bc	147.99±4.73cd
	6M2S	150.39±5.90c	138.97±6.34a	130.24±4.30c	139.87±5.51d

处理	玉米产量 Maize yield (kg·hm^-2)		大豆产量 Soybean yield (kg·hm^-2)		土地当量比 LER
处理	2023	2024	2023	2024	2023	2024
2M2S	11534.66±739.70a	11529.00±576.45a	971.24±49.21c	1053.99±30.47c	1.56	1.53
4M4S	10157.31±692.43a	10446.48±522.40a	1610.65±29.52a	1606.25±64.27a	1.61	1.60
4M2S	11137.63±840.58a	10481.36±524.07a	553.91±47.55d	535.77±60.62d	1.39	1.26
6M6S	7778.72±479.19c	8059.35±268.64c	1649.01±77.19a	1635.49±30.72a	1.36	1.36
6M4S	9077.41±332.57b	9402.52±313.42b	1334.97±94.30b	1239.96±40.44b	1.41	1.37
6M2S	10916.42±566.66a	11215.46±373.85a	398.29±40.07e	384.41±20.61e	1.31	1.28

处理 Treatment	复合农资成本 Agricultural supplies (yuan/hm²)	复合劳动成本 Labor cost (yuan/hm²)	复合毛利润 Product value (yuan/hm²)	复合净利润 Net profit (yuan/hm²)	复合产投比 Profit margin
2M2S	2587.50	2075.71	28714.52	24051.31	6.16
4M4S	2587.50	1728.07	28537.68	24222.12	6.61
4M2S	2910.00	1931.67	25258.07	20416.40	5.22
6M6S	2587.50	1690.48	23600.77	19322.79	5.52
6M4S	2781.00	1773.44	24959.73	20405.29	5.48
6M2S	3071.25	1964.57	25174.99	20139.17	5.00

Impacts of Intercropping Row Patterns on the Heterogeneity of the Light Environment and Photosynthetic Product Production in Maize Canopy

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