小麦整合化无人化丰产栽培的特征与技术途径

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.05.004

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to provide the theoretical and technical support for the innovation of green, high-yield, high-quality and high-efficient unmanned cultivation technology system of wheat. 【Method】 According to the situation of accelerating land transfer and large-scale operation, decreasing labor force engaged in agricultural production, and more efficient and comfortable farming methods, the integrated unmanned cultivation technology of wheat was put forward through the integration study of “agronomy-machinery-intelligence”, that is, using new technology, new product and new equipment to simplify and integrate the whole process of wheat production, and complete wheat production with the least number of operations, the least number of machines and unmanned operations. On the basis of exploratory experimental research, the integrated unmanned cultivation technology of wheat (IU) and conventional mechanized high-yield cultivation techniques of wheat in experimental area (CK) were set up as treatments in Dazhong Farm of Yancheng, Jiangsu Province in 2019-2020, 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, to study the traits and differences of wheat yield formation among different technology treatments, analyze the high-yield traits of IU, and put forward the technical approaches of IU. 【Result】 The IU increased wheat yield by 3.0%-5.9% compared with CK, and significant differences were observed between treatments of some varieties or some growing seasons. In terms of yield components, the spike number was IU>CK (significant differences were observed between treatments of some varieties or some growing seasons), the grains per spike were IU>CK (P>0.05), the total grains were IU>CK (P<0.05), and the 1000-kernels weight was IU<CK (P>0.05), indicating that the IU increased wheat yield by stabilizing the grains per spike and 1000-kernels weight, and increasing the spike number. In the production of photosynthetic matter, the culm number, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation at the main growth stages, the leaf area duration and crop growth rate in the main growth periods, and the culm fertility and grain leaf ratio were all expressed as IU>CK (significant differences were observed between treatments of some varieties or some growing seasons), which laid a material foundation for the yield increase of the IU. This paper not only summarized the technical approaches and basic technologies of IU but also discussed the development of IU from the aspects of integrated cultivation, unmanned cultivation, “agronomy-machinery-intelligence” fusion degree, key agronomy technology and comprehensive evaluation. 【Conclusion】 The yield under IU was equivalent or significantly increased to that under CK. And the high-yield cultivation of wheat was realized with less agricultural machinery and labor and unmanned operation, which was an effective way for the development of agricultural modernization production. In the future, multi-faceted collaborative innovation and investment should be strengthened to accelerate the application and large-scale promotion of this technology.

Key words: wheat, integrated cultivation, unmanned cultivation, yield, technical approach

ZHANG HongCheng, XING ZhiPeng, ZHANG RuiHong, SHAN Xiang, XI XiaoBo, CHENG Shuang, WENG WenAn, HU Qun, CUI PeiYuan, WEI HaiYan. Characteristics and Technical Approaches of Integrated Unmanned High-Yield Cultivation of Wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(5): 864-876.

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年份 Year	地点 Site	品种 Variety	穗数 Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	千粒重 1000-kernels weight (g)	实产 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	成熟期干物质量 Dry matter at maturity (kg·hm^-2)
2017—2018	姜堰 Jiangyan	扬麦23 Yangmai23 (n=6)	501.9±15.3	39.1±1.5	37.9±0.6	7117.4±306.9	18705.2±606.2
2018—2019	姜堰 Jiangyan	扬麦23 Yangmai23 (n=5)	501.7±6.9	38.7±1.7	38.9±0.9	7239.8±223.9	18273.6±611.1
2018—2019	兴化 Xinghua	扬麦23 Yangmai23 (n=8)	519.0±7.8	39.7±1.1	37.9±0.9	7501.9±220.8	18595.6±397.0

年度 Year	品种 Variety	处理 Treatment	穗数 Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	总实粒数 Total grains (×10⁴·hm^-2)	千粒重 1000-kernels weight (g)	实产 Yield (kg·hm^-2)
2019-2020	农麦88 Nongmai 88	IU	529.5±30.7a	43.9±2.5a	23217.4±30.7a	42.4±1.1a	9472.6±23.5a
	农麦88 Nongmai 88	CK	516.3±24.3a	42.6±1.7a	21991.5±12.4b	43.3±1.4a	9146.6±18.4a
	宁麦13 Ningmai 13	IU	596.1±17.0a	38.7±1.6a	23091.8±27.0a	40.1±1.6a	8922.8±16.8a
	宁麦13 Ningmai 13	CK	567.4±28.2b	38.4±2.3a	21783.3±16.4b	40.9±1.5a	8487.6±20.3b
2020-2021	农麦88 Nongmai 88	IU	524.5±19.7a	42.3±2.0a	22161.1±21.9a	40.8±1.7a	8677.0±28.9a
	农麦88 Nongmai 88	CK	499.0±18.4b	41.9±2.2a	20929.0±31.1b	41.5±1.7a	8262.4±16.4b
	宁麦13 Ningmai 13	IU	568.3±28.0a	39.2±1.6a	22288.3±29.0a	39.1±1.4a	8356.7±11.7a
	宁麦13 Ningmai 13	CK	537.6±26.7b	38.5±1.7a	20675.0±9.1b	40.1±1.9a	7887.4±20.9b
2021-2022	农麦88 Nongmai 88	IU	548.3±21.6a	44.5±2.0a	24388.6±26.3a	42.0±1.4a	9885.1±18.5a
	农麦88 Nongmai 88	CK	538.4±29.4a	43.1±2.6a	23217.9±8.3b	42.9±1.6a	9595.3±19.3a
	宁麦13 Ningmai 13	IU	605.2±19.8a	40.2±1.2a	24305.8±9.1a	40.9±1.3a	9564.9±16.6a
	宁麦13 Ningmai 13	CK	579.3±25.1a	39.4±1.6a	22807.9±276b	41.8±0.6a	9153.8±12.0a

年份 Year	地点 Site	品种 Variety	穗数 Spike number (×10⁴·hm^-2)	穗粒数 Grains per spike	千粒重 1000-kernels weight (g)	实产 Yield (kg·hm^-2)	成熟期干物质量 Dry matter at maturity (kg·hm^-2)
2019-2020	姜堰 Jiangyan	扬麦23 Yangmai23 (n=6)	515.5±13.6	41.1±1.1	39.6±0.3	8010.9±216.3	20746.1±871.5
	大中农场 Dazhong farm	农麦88 Nongmai88 (n=5)	504.6±10.2	43.6±0.7	42.1±0.9	8886.7±236.3	23525.2±744.2
	大中农场 Dazhong farm	宁麦13 Ningmai13 (n=5)	569.4±14.4	40.1±0.7	39.8±0.5	8687.3±277.7	23495.1±413.8
2020-2021	泗洪 Sihong	淮麦35 Huaimai35 (n=5)	554.0±22.4	36.0±0.3	41.9±0.6	7893.5±325.1	22678.8±677.2
	大中农场 Dazhong farm	农麦88 Nongmai88 (n=8)	510.4±12.1	43.1±0.6	40.9±0.5	8638.2±124.9	22493.5±521.7
		宁麦13 Ningmai13 (n=8)	569.4±6.4	38.3±0.9	39.9±0.6	8303.9±271.3	22533.7±558.1
		扬麦28 Yangmai28 (n=4)	505.8±21.0	40.6±0.9	41.8±0.8	8201.0±343.0	22764.1±603.1
2021-2022	泗洪 Sihong	淮麦35 Huaimai35 (n=6)	548.2±10.2	36.4±0.6	42.4±0.6	8075.0±285.4	21274.6±742.0
	泗洪 Sihong	淮麦33 Huaimai33 (n=6)	561.8±9.3	38.3±1.4	40.3±0.7	8327.4±271.0	21758.8±612.5
	大中农场 Dazhong farm	农麦88 Nongmai88 (n=8)	559.2±10.6	43.1±1.2	42.1±0.9	9787.8±317.3	24963.0±991.2
		宁麦13 Ningmai13 (n=4)	599.8±18.7	39.3±0.5	40.9±0.8	9283.6±276.3	24276.4±857.9
		农麦128 Nongmai128 (n=8)	596.6±12.6	39.3±0.9	42.0±0.7	9480.3±323.7	24422.6±828.1

Characteristics and Technical Approaches of Integrated Unmanned High-Yield Cultivation of Wheat

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